China ; Electrocardiography ; trends

This paper mainly introduces the origin and development of the slit-lamp microscope, the basic structure, working principle and test methods, focuses on diffuse illumination, direct focal illumination, indirect illumination, retro illumination, zone of specular reflection and slit-lamp filter used in the optical inspection, to provide the reference for clinical general optometry practitioners and using slit-lamp microscope widely and standardized.
Lighting ; instrumentation ; Ophthalmology ; instrumentation

Objective To discuss the minimally invasive skills in the treatment of choledocholithiasis.Methods A retrospective analysis was made to sum up the minimally invasive methods in the treatment of choledocholithiasis,reinforcing sufficient cognition to the treatment of the disease.Results The minimally invasive methods in the treatment of choledocholithiasis included endoscopic sphincterotomy,endoscopic papillaryballoon dilation,fibercholedochoscopy,laparoscopic common bile dnctexploration and laparoscopy combined with endoscopy in treating choledocholithiasis.Conclusion The conception of the treatment of choledocholithiasis was renewed by djfferent minimally invasive skills.With the development of the medical apparatus and instruments,the minimally invasive skills will play an important role in the treatment of choledocholithiasis.

Objective To explore the relationship of DNA damage and cell apoptosis in the blood vessel endothelial cell of diabetic rats. Methods Streptozotocin was used to make diabetic rats, 16 rats were random divided into diabetic group and control group. DNA damage was measured by comet assay and cell apoptosis was detected by flow eytometry. Results DNA damage score was 29.5 ± 6.7 and 8.6±3.6 in diabetic rats and controls, the rate of cell apoptosis was respectively 10.9±3.5 and 4.4 ± 1.2. It had a significant difference between two groups in DNA damage and cell apoptosis(P < 0.05). The rat of cell apoptosis had strongly positive correlation with DNA dam-age scores (r = 0.82, P < 0.05). Conclusion DNA damage and cell apoptosis are found in diabetes mellitus, cell apoptosis may be asso-ciated with DNA damage. The roles of DNA damage and cell apoptosis in diabetes mellitus need further research.

The Pierre Robin sequence (PRS)is a congenital abnormality which is not only causally heterogeneous but also with a group of physical findings, characterized by the presence of the combination of underdeveloped(micrognathia) or retropositioned(retrognathia) mandible,glossoptosis that leads to respiratory tract obstruction with or without cleft palate. PRS is clinically defined by obstruction of the upper airways, feeding difficulties, inspiration pneumonia and some accompany with multiple -anomalies that are more frequent and more severe during the immediate postnatal and neonatal period. Diagnosis of PRS may be made immediately when a neonate presents in respiratory distress with micrognathia. Further examination may show the posterior placement of the tongue and possibly a cleft palate. Now that the strong association of PRS with many multiple - anomaly syndromes is recognized, treatment must be individualized to optimize the outcome. Most PRS children have failure to thrive,and long -term outcomes vary greatly,depending on whether the PRS is an isolated occurrence or part of an associated syndrome and on whether the infant experienced any obstructive-hypoxic episodes.

Objective To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). Methods 55 cases with NPC and 20 cases with noncancerous nasopharyngeal epithelial samples were retrospectively studied and the expressions of EGF and IGF-1 receptors were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results The positive rate of EGFR 96.3% (53/55) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma was significantly higher than the 10% ( 2/20 ) in normal nasopharyngeal mucosa ( x2 =7. 123,P ＜ 0. 01 ) ;EGFR protein over-expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis were correlated ( x2 = 3. 785, x2 = 3. 845, P ＜ 0. 05 ); The 5 -year overall survival ( OS ) in NPC was 65. 5 %,The patients with low expression of 5-year overall survival 75.35% was significantly higher than the 52.4% in high expression( x2 = 3. 925,P ＜ 0. 05 ); Using Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that T stage, N stage and age are OS independent prognostic factor(P =0.001 ,P=0. 009,P =0.019). Conclusion EGFR had synergistic effects and may play an important role in the development and progression of NPC. The expression of EGFR could be useful biomarkes to assess clinical status and prognosis of patients with NPC.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of color doppler imaging in lower limb deep vein thrombosis.Methods Application of color doppler ultrasonography,58 patients with clinically confirmed deep vein thrombosis were examined by the two-dimensional image,color characteristics and spectral characteristics of blood flow.Results The group of 58 cases had deep venous thrombosis,in which 37 cases were left leg,18 cases were right lower extremity,3 cases were lower limbs.By thrombosis of upper:iliofemoral type(central)in 35 cases,4 cases of pe-ripheral and mixed type in 19 cases.Conclusion Doppler ultrasound imaging to diagnose deep venous thrombosis was an effective method,and it had some guidance to select treatment methods.

Objective To study the effects of erythropoietin on expressions of myocardial cell Bcl-2 and Bax in rats with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods Rats that survived after AMI were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. Treatment group were given EPO 3000 U/kg, A total of 3 d(preoperative 1 day, the same day, after 1 day),control group at the same point in time given the same amount of saline by the intraperitonealy injection. After 4 weeks, hemodynamics and left ventricular function were measured with catheterization,Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed by immunohistochemical method. Results After 4 weeks, LVSP and +dp/dt_(max) in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.05),LVEDP and-dp/dt_(max) were significantly lower than those in control group(P＜0.05);Change of heart rate in two groups were no difference(P＞0.05).The expression of myocardial cell Bcl-2 in treatment group were significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.05);the expression of myocardial cell Bax and Bcl-2/Bax in treatment group were significantly lower than that in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The protective effect of EPO on ischemia and infarction of cardiac function may be related to the reduction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Saireito, a 12-component Japanese herbal medicine, is used to treat immune-related diseases. We investigated the effects of oral administration of Saireito extract in a murine model of cardiac transplantation with fully mismatched allografts. Untreated recipients and those given water rejected their cardiac allografts acutely (median survival time [MST], 7 and 8 days, respectively), as did those treated with either 0.02 or 0.002 g/kg/day of Saireito extract (MST, 7 days in both groups). Recipients given 0.2 g/kg/day of Saireito extract had only moderate prolongation of allograft survival (MST, 41 days). However, all transplant recipients given 2 g/kg/day of Saireito extract had significant prolongation of allograft survival (MST>100 days). None of the single crude drug extracts of Saireito prolonged allograft survival, suggesting that its effects require administration of the combination agent. In mixed leukocyte cultures, proliferation of splenocytes from Saireito-treated CBA recipients was markedly suppressed compared with that of splenocytes from untreated mice, and interferon-γ production was significantly reduced. In flow cytometry experiment, the population of CD 4⁺CD 25⁺FOXP 3⁺cells was increased in the spleens of Saireito-treated CBA recipients compared with the spleens of naïve CBA mice or untreated CBA recipients. Thus, in our model, Saireito treatment induced hyporesponsiveness to cardiac allografts in a dose-dependent manner, and the combination of the components is essential for this effect.

Execution is one of the key factors which influence the management level of hospital libraries. The paper introduces the concept, performance and synthesis patterns of execution, and points out that execution is the main means to enhance performance of li-brary, then puts forward concrete strategies to enhance execution of library from two levels: individuals and libraries.