Background: Heparan-sufate interacting protetin (HIP) has been known to be up-regulated and expressed in various human cancer cell lines at both transcript and protein levels. HIP\u2019s expression was related to the differentiation status and cancer development. Objective: Using a semi-quantitative PCR method to determine HIP transcript levels in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer tissues. Subjects and methods: 30 samples of BPH, 12 samples of high-grade PIN, and 40 samples of prostate cancer were collected from patients at Viet Duc Hospital and Friendship Hospital. Total RNA was extracted from BPH, PIN and prostate cancer tissues; cDNA synthesis by reverse transcript - polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR); HIP transcript determination using semi-quantitative PCR. Results: There was significant difference in HIP transcript levels. HIP transcript was very highly up-regulated in the prostate cancer tissues. The up-regulation of HIP transcript was lower in PIN, and lowest in BPH. HIP transcript levels in benign samples were 1/2 and 2/3 compared with cancer and PIN samples, respectively (P< 0.05). These indicated that up-regulation of HIP transcript may be an early event in tumorigenesis. Conclusions: Levels of HIP transcript were different between tissues of prostate cancer, PIN, and BPH. HIP may be a marker for pre-cancer of the prostate.
HIP/L29 ; prostate cancer ; Transcript

Background: Heparansulfate Interacting Protein (HIP) is up-regulated in various human cancer cell lines at both transcript and protein levels. HIP expression is related to the differentiation status and cancer development. Objectives: To determine HIP in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer tissues. Materials and method: Western blot method was used to determine HIP expression in 3 different types of prostate tissue, including 11 prostate cancer samples, 2 benign prostatic hyperplasia samples and 11 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia samples. Results. HIP was particularly up-regulated in prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, indicating that up-regulation of HIP expression may be an early event in tumorgenesis. Conclusion: The expression of HIP was different between cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia tissue and benign prostatic hyperplasia. HIP may serve as a prognostic marker for prostate carcinoma.
HIP expression ; Prostate cancer ; Prostatic hyperplasia.

For diagnosis of prostate cancer, MRI was performed in 91 patients prior to prostate biopsy, and prostate cancer was detected in 37 patients. The ability of MRI diagnosis compared with biopsy was accuracy 0.84, sensitivity 0.95, and specificity 0.76.In 26 patients (14 patients with prostate cancer) from whom MR images were obtained by diffusion weighted imaging, ADC value and PSA value showed a reverse correlation significantly.The ADC value was 0.97±0.23-3mm2/sec in the cancer area, 1.51±0.20-3mm2/sec in the normal peripheral zone, and 1.47±0.12-3mm2/sec in the normal central zone. The ADC value in the cancer area was smaller than that in the normal peripheral area or in the normal central zone significantly (p<0.001).The relation between ADC value and Gleason score did not show any correlation. However, when the Gleason score was under 6, ADC value was 1.11±0.20-3mm2/sec, and when it was over 7, ADC value was 0.81±0.19-3mm2/sec which showed a lower value than the ADC value with Gleason score under 6 significantly (p<0.05).MRI was effective for visualization of prostate cancer. We concluded that pre-biopsy MRI in prostate cancer would allow not only systemic-biopsy but also accurate targeting-biopsy, and it would improve the diagnosric ability of biopsy.
Cancer of Prostate ; biopsy characteristics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; GLEASON GRADING FOR PROSTATIC CANCER ; lower case pea

PURPOSE: The prevalence of prostate cancer is increasing in the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics of the prostate cancer detection rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy and who were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer from 2005 to 2006 in Korea. These data were based on National Health Insurance statistics. We also analyzed the data of patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy and were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer in our institution from 2005 to 2007. RESULTS: According to the data of the National Health Insurance, the detection rates of prostate cancer were 45.8% in 2005 and 43.1% in 2006. These results were not actual cancer detection rates. According to the data from our institution, the cancer detection rate ranged from 24.8% to 25.9% compared with the 15.5% to 23% cancer detection rate reported by other Korean studies. We analyzed the reasons for this difference in detection rates and suggest that the difference is because a suggestive diagnosis is useful and is unchanged until the diagnosis is confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of prostate cancer is increasing more rapidly than that of other major cancers. The detection rate of prostate cancer in Korean patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy was inferior to that in Caucasians. Also, some patients were detected without proper screening or biopsy and were thus diagnosed as having advanced or metastatic prostatic cancer. We need a good corelationship between National Health Insurance and the cancer registration project for real detection of prostate cancer.
Biopsy ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; National Health Programs ; Prevalence ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the factors affecting prostate cancer screening behavior in Korean men using the health belief model (HBM). METHODS: It was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A total of 121 participants answered questionnaires which included general characteristics, knowledge, and HBM variables related to prostate cancer and prostate cancer screening tests. RESULTS: Only 18 participants (14.9%) had had a prostate cancer screening test before. Participants who had had a prostate cancer screening test were more likely to perceive lower health status (odds ratio: 0.61 [95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.93]), higher perceived sensitivity (odds ratio: 3.55 [95% confidence interval: 1.11, 11.36]), and higher self-efficacy (odds ratio: 5.77 [95% confidence interval: 1.51, 22.08]) than participants who had not had a test. CONCLUSION: We recommend developing an educational program which can increase the level of perceived sensitivity and self-efficacy to involve themselves in prostate cancer screening test actively.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

To determine the optimal strategy for prostate cancer screening, the cost-effectiveness of screening was analyzed using a medical decision model. One hundred thousand asymptomatic males between the ages of 40 and 69 were modeled with and without screening. The subjects were divided into three 10−year age groups. We used a 5−year survival rate as an effectiveness point and assumed after 5 year survival free from prostate cancer. We considered three potential programs: 1)screening with digital rectal examination(DRE), 2)screening with prostate specific antigen(PSA), and 3)screening with a combination of DRE and PSA. The study was analyzed from the payer’s perspective, and only direct medical costs were included. For each of the three age groups, PSA screening was more cost−effective than either DRE screening or a combination of DRE and PSA screening. The cost−effectiveness ratio for the combination of DRE and PSA screening was 1.1−2.3 times more expensive than that of PSA screening. If the compliance rate for work−up exams is 80%, the cost−effectiveness of prostate cancer screening is approximate to that of gastric cancer screening. In conclusion, PSA screening is the most cost−effective strategy for prostate cancer screening when compared with both DRE and the combination of DRE and PSA screening. But prostate cancer screening should be carefully conducted, taking the cost−effectiveness of the different strategies and target groups into consideration.
Aspects of disease screening ; public service announcement ; screening for prostate cancer ; Cost aspects ; seconds

Prostate cancer is a currently common disease in Chinese male. The incidence is increasing rapidly in urban area and the mortality is high in rural area. According to characteristics of disease stage, advancement in early diagnosis of prostate cancer is the key to improve prostate cancer survival in China. Because of the remarkable disparity in economic and health care across mainland China, a selective prostate cancer screen approach may be a better alternative to spread. Therefore, indepth researches in optimization of prostate specific antigen screen and validation biomarkers of aggressive prostate cancer should be advocated. Furthermore, physicians should take a more active role in population education.
China ; epidemiology ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of the Trp-p8 protein in the prostate tissue of the PSA "grey zone" with different PSA density of the transition zone (PSADTZ) and explore the value of determining Trp-p8 expression and PSADTZ in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa).

METHODSThis study involved 30 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and another 30 cases of PCa with different PSADTZ values. Using a data imaging and analysis system, we determined the expression levels of Trp-p8 in BPH and PCa tissues and analyzed their correlation with PSADTZ.

RESULTSThe expression of Trp-p8 was weak or negative in the BPH but strong in the PCa tissue and even stronger in the PCa tissue with high PSADTZ (F = 34. 05, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe Trp-p8 protein is expressed differently in BPH and PCa tissues of the PSA " grey zone" and its expression is positively correlated with PSADTZ. Determination of the Trp-p8 expression and PSADTZ contributes to the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Early Detection of Cancer ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; TRPM Cation Channels ; metabolism

OBJECTIVES: The prostate specific antigen test is widely used as the main method of screening prostate cancer in Korea. Additionally, the use of ultrasound sonography may lead to overdiagnosis of kidney cancer as well as thyroid cancer. This study aimed to highlight epidemiological evidences regarding overdiagnosis of prostate and kidney cancers in Korean. METHODS: The annual trends of national incidence and mortality of prostate and kidney cancers provided by the Korean Statistical Information Service were evaluated. RESULTS: The rate of increase in the incidence of prostate and kidney cancer was 6 and 5 times higher than that of mortality between 2000 and 2011, respectively. Additionally, the age group showing the highest incidence in prostate cancer shifted from 85 years and older to 75-79 years. CONCLUSIONS: This evidence suggests that prostate and kidney cancers are overdiagnosed in Korea. Further research in this area, using national cancer registry databases, should be encouraged to prevent overdiagnosis.
Disease Progression ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Humans ; Incidence ; Information Services ; Kidney Neoplasms* ; Kidney* ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Ultrasonography

With the current overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer resulting from routine screening in Korea, it is necessary to educate the public that not all cancers are malignant. The exposure to patient decision aids (PtDAs) compared to usual care reduced the number of people choosing to undergo prostate-specific antigen screening. This article introduces the definition, usefulness, and developmental processes of PtDAs and suggests the urgent need for a Korean PtDA related to thyroid cancer screening.
Decision Support Systems, Clinical ; Decision Support Techniques* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Thyroid Neoplasms