The odontoid process of the ninety axis were measured to observe the morphological features in Koreans. The results are as follows. 1. Height of the ordontoid of process of axis was 14.1±1.3mm, and the degree of the height of the odontoid process to the height of axis was frequency of 38.2±2.6%. 2. Transverse diameter of odontoid process of the most axis (87.8%) was thinner at the lower part than at the upper part. And the difference of the thickness of upper part and lower part was 1.2±0.7mm. In anteroposterior diameter, lower part was thinner than upper part in frequency of 55.6%, and the difference of upper part and lower part was 1.0±0.5mm in the transverse diameter, 0.6±0.5mm in the anteroposterior diameter, therefore the thickness of the anteroposterior diameter. 3. The articular surface of the odontoid process of the axis articulating with the anterior arch of atlas was 8.9±1.7mm in the maximal length and 7.1±1.6mm in the maximal breadth.
Odontoid Process*

Anomalous development of the odonteid precess is an uncommon clinical occurence that can seriously impair the integrity af the atlantoaxial articulation. Absence of the odontoid process may be either congenital or acquired, but clinically the etiology is of little importance as the clinical signs and symptoms and the treatment are identical in both. We experienced a case of congenital absence of the odontoid process and good result was obtained from the posterior atlantoaxial fusion with hale-cast.
Odontoid Process

The Odontoid process fracture has been treated by prolonged external immobilization of by internal fixation and fusion. We reported congential and traumatic odontoid process fracture which were successfully treated by transoral fusion. Operative preparation, technique and postoperative management are described by in detail.
Immobilization ; Odontoid Process*

OBJECTIVE: It is debatable whether an anterior oblique fracture orientation is really a contraindication to anterior odontoid screw fixation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of anterior odontoid screw fixation of type II and rostral shallow type III fracture with an anterior oblique fracture orientation. METHODS: The authors evaluated 16 patients with type II and rostral shallow type III odontoid fracture with an anterior oblique fracture orientation. Of these 16 patients, 8 (group 1) were treated by anterior odontoid screw fixation, and 8 (group 2) by a posterior C1-2 arthrodesis. RESULTS: Of the 8 patients in group 1, seven patients achieved solid bone fusion (87.5%), and one experienced screw back-out of the C-2 body two months after anterior screw fixation. All patients treated by posterior C1-C2 fusion in group 2 achieved successful bone fusion. Mean fracture displacements and fracture gaps were not significantly different in two groups. (p=0.075 and 0.782). However, mean fracture orientation angles were 15.3+/-3.2 degrees in group 1, and 28.6+8.1 degrees in group 2 (p=0.002), and mean fragment angulations were 3.2+/-2.1 degrees in group 1, and 14.8+/-6.7 degrees in group 2 (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Even when the fracture lines of type II and rostral shallow type III fractures are oriented in an anterior oblique direction, anterior odontoid screw fixation can be feasible in carefully selected patients with a relatively small fracture orientation angle and relatively small fragment angulation.
Humans ; Odontoid Process ; Orientation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide an actual guideline in determining the shape, diameter, and position of the implant in immediate implantation by the measurement of the thickness of facial and palatal plate, the thickness of cortical bone on the facial and palatal plate, the diameter of the root, and the distance between the roots in the cadavers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The horizontal sections of 20 maxillae were measured and analyzed to obtain the average values. Resin blocks were produced and cut serially at 1 mm intervals from the cervical line to the root apex. Images of each section were obtained and the following measurements were performed: The thickness of the facial and palatal residual bone at each root surface, the thickness of the facial and palatal cortical bone at the interdental region, the diameter of all roots of each section on the faciopalatal and mesiodistal diameter, and the interroot distance. Three specimens with measurements close to the average values were chosen and 3-dimensional images were reconstructed. RESULTS: The thickness of the facial and palatal cortical bone at the interdental region in the maxilla, the buccal cortical bone was thicker in the posterior region compared to the anterior region. The interroot distance of the alveolar bone thickness between the roots increased from anterior to posterior region and from coronal to apical in the maxilla. CONCLUSION: In this study, the limited results of the morphometric analysis of the alveolar ridge using the sections of maxilla in the cadavers may offer the useful information when planning and selecting optimal implant for immediate implantation in the maxilla.
Alveolar Process ; Cadaver ; Maxilla

No abstract available.
Olecranon Process* ; Ulna*

Atlanto-axial dislocation with the fracture of the odontoid process has been considered as an uncommon lesion and a high incidence of nonunion of fractures of the odontoid process or high incidence of neurological involvement or death has been reported. With the advent of radiology, this fracture has been diagnosed early with increasing frequency. This paper is presented because very excellent result of union of the odontoid process treated with wiring and posterior atlanto-axial fusion by means of Brooks technic was obtained in our case.
Dislocations ; Incidence ; Odontoid Process

Alveolar Process ; Maxilla ; Osteotomy

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine the most reliable cephalometric measurement technique in the normal population and patients with basilar invagination (BI). METHODS: Twenty-two lateral radiographs of BI patients and 25 lateral cervical radiographs of the age, sex-matched normal population were selected and measured on two separate occasions by three spine surgeons using six different measurements. Statistical analysis including intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was carried out using the SPSS software (V. 12.0). RESULTS: Redlund-Johnell and Modified (M)-Ranawat had a highest ICC score in both the normal and BI groups in the inter-observer study. The M-Ranawat method (0.83) had a highest ICC score in the normal group, and the Redlund-Johenll method (0.80) had a highest ICC score in the BI group in the intra-observer test. The McGregor line had a lowest ICC score and a poor ICC grade in both groups in the intra-observer study. Generally, the measurement method using the odontoid process did not produce consistent results due to inter and intra-observer differences in determining the position of the odontoid tip. Opisthion and caudal point of the occipital midline curve are somewhat ambiguous landmarks, which induce variable ICC scores. CONCLUSION: On the contrary to other studies, Ranawat method had a lower ICC score in the inter-observer study. C2 end-plate and C1 arch can be the most reliable anatomical landmarks.
Humans ; Odontoid Process ; Pathology* ; Spine

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine which forms of iliac cancellous bone grafts better restore alveolar clefts. STUDY DESIGN: Forty consecutive patients who required a unilateral alveolar cleft graft were studied. Group I(20 patients) had reconstruction with iliac cancellous particulate bone grafts and group II(20 patients) had reconstruction with iliac cancellous block bone grafts. The two groups were evaluated radiographically and clinically. RESULTS: The group with the block bone grafts showed less postoperative problems and better incorporation of the bone graft than the group with the particulate grafts. CONCLUSION: Surgical reconstruction of alveolar process defects in patients with alveolar cleft using iliac cancellous block bone is a more reliable method than particulate bone grafts both for closing the oronasal fistula and for building interalveolar septal height.
Alveolar Process ; Fistula ; Humans ; Transplants*