Residues and analysis methods of phthalate esters plastificator in various plastics of vinyl chloride are presented,and the wide-use and high environment burden of these chemicals is indicated.The categories and toxicity of phthalate esters that might have the effects of environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals are introduced.It is shown by the current studies that the effects of these chemicals on laboratory animals were focused on procreation toxicity such as spermaduct atrophy and ovulation clog,etc.It is suggested that more investigation of these chemicalspotential toxicity should be made and preventive measures should be taken promptly.

Referring to the literatures recent years about mechanisms and reasons of Vertebral Artery Morphological Caused Vertigo,this article illuminates the category of this kind of disease,and for these reasons to find out corresponding therapy by tuina,then proposes the insufficiency and the expectation in this special disease.

Objective:To observe and compare the wound healing effects,the time and costs of hospitalization of the two drainage ways in the breast polyacrylamide hydrogel removing operations by a prospective randomized controlled approach.Methods:From December 2004 to December 2009,a total of 54 breast-side of 40 patients,whose incision were not healing after breast polyacrylamide hydrogel removing operations,were divided into two groups.Both gorups'skin incision were on the areola or inframammary crease.In the case of removing the polyacrylamide hydrogel during the operation as much as possible,a new incision,approximately 1.5cm,was produced below the inframammary crease approximately 5cm,the negative drainage tube was inserted into the new incision in the A group(distal drainage way),While the negative drainage tube was inserted into the original incision in B group(In-situ drainage way).Results:The breast appearance was flat and thin,the texture was soft and there was no mass or sclerosis.There were significant differences between the two methods in primary healing,the time and costs of hospitalization.Conclusion:The clinical effect of the distal drainage way is better than the clinical effect of the In-situ drainage way,and it deserves to apply in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody(secukinumab) regulating autophagy and inflammation in gout.Methods The peripheral venous blood samples from 57 patients with acute gout(AG),57patients with intermittent gout(IG) and 82 healthy volunteers were collected and measured for the mRNA transcription levels of autophagy-related genes(ATGs) ATG4B,ATG7, A TG16L1,Beclin-1 and LC3B by RT-qPCR.The model of AG inflammation was established by adding monosodium urate(MSU) crystals into the peripheral venous blood samples of healthy volunteers,and the transcription and protein expression of IL-1β were detected by RT-qPCR and ELISA at 0,1,2,4,6 and8 h and different concentrations(0,100,200 and 400 μmol/L) of secukinumab.The peripheral blood samples of healthy volunteers were divided into control(without MSU treatment),MSU(100 μg/mL),MSU+colchicine(100 μg/mL+30 μg/mL) and MSU+secukinumab(100 μg/mL+400 μmol/L) groups,which were detected for the mRNA transcription and protein expression of IL-1 β and ATGs by RT-qPCR and Western blot,and for the expression of IL-1β,IL-12 and IL-35 by ELISA.Results The mRNA expression levels of ATG4B, Beclin-1 and LC3B in AG,IG and healthy control groups were significantly different(F=3.896,11.78 and 3.856,respectively,each P <0.05),among which the mRNA levels in AG were lower than those in IG and HC groups(t=2.692,3.234,2.231 and 2.085,4.795,2.748,respectively,each P <0.05);the expression levels of ATG16L1 mRNA were significantly different in the three groups(F=7.949,P <0.001),and was significantly lower in AG group than HC group(t=3.860,P <0.001).In AG inflammation model,the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1 β reached their peak in 2—4 h,and the anti-inflammation effect of secukinumab was the strongest at the concentration of 400 μmol/L.Compared with MSU group,the mRNA levels of ATG16L1 and LC3B(t=2.343 and 2.916,respectively,each P <0.05) as well as the expression levels of ATG4B,ATG7,Beclin-1,ATG16L1 and LC3B-Ⅱ proteins(t=28.84,11.6,8.402,4.124 and 2.458,respectively,each P <0.05) in MSU+secukinumab group decreased significantly.The expression levels of IL-12 and IL-35 in the control,MSU,MSU+colchicine and MSU+secukinumab groups showed significant difference(F=7.009 and 6.518,respectively,each P <0.01).Compared with MSU group,the expression level of IL-12 significantly decreased(t=2.604,P <0.05)in MSU+secukinumab group,and the expression level of IL-35 also decreased,while with no significant difference(t=1.928,P> 0.05).Conclusion Secukinumab can regulate the mRNA and protein expression of ATGs,reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and inhibit gout inflammation,which provides a reference for the treatment of gout.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody(secukinumab) regulating autophagy and inflammation in gout.Methods The peripheral venous blood samples from 57 patients with acute gout(AG),57patients with intermittent gout(IG) and 82 healthy volunteers were collected and measured for the mRNA transcription levels of autophagy-related genes(ATGs) ATG4B,ATG7, A TG16L1,Beclin-1 and LC3B by RT-qPCR.The model of AG inflammation was established by adding monosodium urate(MSU) crystals into the peripheral venous blood samples of healthy volunteers,and the transcription and protein expression of IL-1β were detected by RT-qPCR and ELISA at 0,1,2,4,6 and8 h and different concentrations(0,100,200 and 400 μmol/L) of secukinumab.The peripheral blood samples of healthy volunteers were divided into control(without MSU treatment),MSU(100 μg/mL),MSU+colchicine(100 μg/mL+30 μg/mL) and MSU+secukinumab(100 μg/mL+400 μmol/L) groups,which were detected for the mRNA transcription and protein expression of IL-1 β and ATGs by RT-qPCR and Western blot,and for the expression of IL-1β,IL-12 and IL-35 by ELISA.Results The mRNA expression levels of ATG4B, Beclin-1 and LC3B in AG,IG and healthy control groups were significantly different(F=3.896,11.78 and 3.856,respectively,each P <0.05),among which the mRNA levels in AG were lower than those in IG and HC groups(t=2.692,3.234,2.231 and 2.085,4.795,2.748,respectively,each P <0.05);the expression levels of ATG16L1 mRNA were significantly different in the three groups(F=7.949,P <0.001),and was significantly lower in AG group than HC group(t=3.860,P <0.001).In AG inflammation model,the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1 β reached their peak in 2—4 h,and the anti-inflammation effect of secukinumab was the strongest at the concentration of 400 μmol/L.Compared with MSU group,the mRNA levels of ATG16L1 and LC3B(t=2.343 and 2.916,respectively,each P <0.05) as well as the expression levels of ATG4B,ATG7,Beclin-1,ATG16L1 and LC3B-Ⅱ proteins(t=28.84,11.6,8.402,4.124 and 2.458,respectively,each P <0.05) in MSU+secukinumab group decreased significantly.The expression levels of IL-12 and IL-35 in the control,MSU,MSU+colchicine and MSU+secukinumab groups showed significant difference(F=7.009 and 6.518,respectively,each P <0.01).Compared with MSU group,the expression level of IL-12 significantly decreased(t=2.604,P <0.05)in MSU+secukinumab group,and the expression level of IL-35 also decreased,while with no significant difference(t=1.928,P> 0.05).Conclusion Secukinumab can regulate the mRNA and protein expression of ATGs,reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and inhibit gout inflammation,which provides a reference for the treatment of gout.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of volatile oil and saikosaponins in Radix Bupleuri collected in different harvesting seasons.METHODS:Volatile oil was extracted from Radix Bupleuri by using volatile oil extractor; the content of sai-kosaponins in Radix Bupleuri harvested in different seasons were determined by visible spectrophotometry taking saikosaponin a as index.RESULTS:The content of volatile oil was the highest in Radix Bupleuri harvested in July but the lowest in November;the content of saikosaponins was the highest when harvested in May and the lowest in September. CONCLUSION:The method is simple and rapid,and it provides scientific basis for the establishment of the best harvesting season of Radix Bupleuri.

The stem cell is a class of primitive cells with self?renewal,and multiple pluripotent potential capacities,which can differentiate into multiple specialized cells and generate human organs and tissues. Stem cell therapy is an interventional treatment that introduces new stem cells to damaged tissues,which facilitates the regeneration of trauma,disease and ageing?in?duced damaged human tissues to repair or replace the damaged tissues,thereby achieving the goal of disease treatment. It has been proved that the stem cell therapy is effective in the treatment of multiple human diseases,including cancer,diabetes,neu?rological disorders,autoimmune diseases,cardiovascular disorders and blood diseases. This review summarizes the advances in the research of stem cell therapy for human parasitic infections.

Necrosis is also tightly controlled by signaling path-ways,thus it is called as regulated necrosis,which includes ne-croptosis,ferroptosis,parthanatos and CypD-mediated necrosis. It has been shown that regulated necrosis is closely related to the occurrence,development and prognosis of injury-relevant disea-ses such as myocardial infarction,stroke,neurodegenerative dis-eases.It will be significant for prevention and therapy of injury-relevant diseases to clarify the signal transductions and regulatory mechanisms for the regulated necrosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) on circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH). Methods The clinical data of 12 eyes of 12 patients with CCH treated with TTT were retrospectively analysed. Infrared diode laser Iridex, oculight SLX was used in TTT at 810 nm and power between 220 and 1 000 mW with a beam diameter of 1.2 or 2 0 or 3 0 mm, with 1 to 2 minutes of exposure time. The visual acuity , subretinal fluid , complication ,thickness and hyperfluorescence of CCH were observed pre and postoperatively in the treated eyes. The average period of follow up was 10 months (6 16 months). Results Among the 8 eyes with peripheral retinal detachment in 12 cases of CCH the peripheral subretinal fluid was completely absorbed in 6 eyes, and partially absorbed in 2 eyes after TTT treatment. In 8 patients undergone ultrasonography, the mean value of tumor thickness went down by 21.75 % in 7 eyes. The resultant visual acuity after treatment was improved in 3 eyes, maintained no change in 7 eyes and reduced in 2 eye. The fundus fluorescein angiography in 10 eyes revealed a significant decrease of the leakage in tumor. Postoperative complication of TTT in the 12 eyes included retinal hemorrhage (5 eyes) and retinal fold (1 eye). Conclusion TTT is an effective treatment for CCH.

Objective To evaluated the effect of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) on age related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Sixty two cases (62 eyes) of exudative AMD were managed with TTT. Before treatment, 58 cases underwent fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA),42 cases underwent simultaneous indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and 56 cases underwent optic coherence tomography (OCT).TTT was delivered using a 810 nm diode laser with variable spot sizes 0.5 3.0 mm and power range 60 40 mW,60 seconds duration. Sixty two cases were followed up for 1 10 months with 4 8 months average. Results The visual acuities of last visit were compared with those before the treatment. The visual acuity was unchanged in 43 cases (69.3%), improved in 15 cases (24.2%), and declined in 4 cases (6.5%). OCT was re done in 51 cases and compared with OCT images before TTT treatment. The height of macular edema was unchanged in 29 cases (56.9%), decreased in 18 cases (35.3%), and increased in 4 cases (7.8%). The amelioration of visual acuity was compatible with that of macular configuration in the majority of cases (74.5%). Only in 13 cases (25.5%) the amelioration of visual acuity lagged behind that of macular configuration. The re treatment was performed in 18 cases (29.1%), probably due to insufficiency of laser power. No side effect was found. Conclusion TTT makes most of the cases of exudative AMD retaining or improving their visual acuity. The employment is secured. Further exploration is needed in order to obtain the parameters of the laser treatment.