[Objective] Sorting and summing up Professor ZHANG 's clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of atlanto-axial joint subluxation, to develop the thought of clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease. [Methods]Via studying with professor ZHANG, and collectting some cases,consulting the related literature and data.Finally, discuss and summarize it. [Results] Diagnosis found and appliedFour tenderness(Below the foramen magnum, trapezius muscle and at the junction of the skull,fengchi point,wangu point).Method combined with primary symptom and signs, X-ray. Treatment, application of error correction manipulation, light effect;And with local acupuncture point injection, menstruation invigorates the circulation of reinforcement. [Conclusion] Professor ZHANG's method of diagnosis and treatment of atlanto-axial joint subluxation is unique,clear, simple, has obvious curative effect, worth clinical application and promotion.

Sphingosine analogue FTY720 exerts good immune suppressive effect by inducing lymphocytes apoptosis and homing, which can be used for organ transplant rejection as well as anti-autoimmune disease treatment. Recent studies have found that FTY720 plays anti-tumor potential by inducing growth arrest and apoptosis as well as inhibiting tumor metastasis.

Hypoxia- inducible factor-1 ( HIF-1) promotes tumor deterioration, invasion and metasta-sis. Treatment targeting the HIF-1 signal pathway is becoming a hot research. In addition to uniquely selective inhibition of topoisomerase Ⅰ(Topo Ⅰ) ,the recent studies show that camptothecin compounds can regulate the activity of HIF-1 through decreasing HIF-1 protein translation and have been classified as a non-selective chemical inhibitor of HIF-1.

AIM:To establish a method for determining notoginsenoside R_1,ginsenoside Rg_1 and ginsenoside Rb_1 in Jingkang Capsules(Radix Rehmanniae praeparata,Radix Polygoni multiflori,Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng,etc.). METHODS: A Diamonsil C_(18) column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase was used for gradient elution,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the UV detection wavelength was at 203 mn. RESULTS: There was a good linear relationship at a range of 0.327-2.180 ?g for notoginsenoside R_1(r=(0.999 4))(the average recovery was 98.23% with RSD of 1.53%(n=6)),0.909-6.060 ?g for ginsenoside Rg_1(r=1.0)(the average recovery was 99.04% with RSD of 1.00%(n=6)),0.672-4.480 ?g for ginsenoside Rb_1(r=0.999 8)(the average recovery was 98.17% with RSD of 1.31%(n=6)).CONCLUSION: The method is simple,quick and accurate.It can be used for the quality control of Jingkang Capsules.

Systemic chemotherapy is the main treatment which can improve the survival time of bladder cancer patients,though its efficacy is quite limited.The applications of targeted therapeutic drugs in bladder cancer has become more needed in clinic.At present the targeted drugs for bladder cancer include bevacizumab,cetuximab,sunitinib,gefitinib,everolimus and the inhibitor of programmed cell death-1 and its ligand,they provide a new direction for the treatment of advanced bladder cancer.

Objective To explore the effect of Azithromycin on the immune mechanisms through the IL - 23 /IL - 17 axis way by observing the changes in serum levels of IL - 23,IL - 17 in rats with Adriamycin - induced nephro-sis. Methods A total of 135 rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,Azithromycin intervention group,Prednisone intervention group and united intervention group. The model was induced through a tail intravenous injection of Adriamycin for 2 times. Nine rats were randomly selected from every group to detect blood and urinary bio-chemistry,and to observe the changes of the serum levels of IL - 23,IL - 17 by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay in 4,6,and 8 weeks. Results Compared with the model group in the 8th week,the levels of 24 - hour urinary protein [model group(354. 83 ± 70. 87)mg/ d,Azithromycin intervention group(94. 59 ± 22. 67)mg/ d,Prenisone intervention group(65. 64 ± 8. 71)mg/ d,united intervention group(47. 44 ± 9. 56)mg/ d],cholesterol[ model group(8. 71 ± 1. 60)mmol/ L,Azithromycin intervention group(3. 54 ± 0. 30)mmol/ L,Prenisone intervention group(3. 10 ± 0. 18) mmol/ L,united intervention group(2. 56 ± 0. 40)mmol/ L]were reduced significantly,while the levels of albumin [model group(16. 77 ± 3. 15)g/ L,Azithromycin intervention group(33. 82 ± 1. 16)g/ L,Prenisone intervention group (37. 80 ± 2. 73)g/ L,united intervention group(40. 78 ± 2. 63)g/ L]were increased obviously in the intervention groups,and the differences were statistically significant(F = 152. 243,99. 838,155. 836,all P ﹤ 0. 05). The serum levels of IL - 23[model group(29. 60 ± 3. 97)ng/ L,Azithromycin intervention group(29. 61 ± 2. 62)ng/ L,Prenisone intervention group(29. 74 ± 2. 23)ng/ L,united intervention group(30. 31 ± 2. 20)ng/ L],IL - 17[ model group (22. 38 ± 2. 51)ng/ L,Azithromycin intervention group(21. 97 ± 1. 89)ng/ L,Prenisone intervention group(21. 43 ± 2. 42)ng/ L,united intervention group(21. 51 ± 2. 07)ng/ L]in the model group and 3 intervention groups were higher than the control group[(17. 35 ± 3. 01)ng/ L,(14. 03 ± 2. 42)ng/ L]in the 4th week,and there were significant differences(F = 33. 819,21. 373,all P ﹤ 0. 05);and the levels of IL - 23[in the 6th week,Azithromycin intervention group(27. 20 ± 1. 71)ng/ L,Prenisone intervention group(24. 39 ± 2. 06)ng/ L,united intervention group(21. 41 ± 1. 71)ng/ L,model group(35. 78 ± 3. 21)ng/ L;in the 8th week,Azithromycin intervention group(24. 60 ± 2. 91) ng/ L,Prenisone intervention group(21. 01 ± 1. 02)ng/ L,united intervention group(18. 93 ± 1. 35)ng/ L,model group (44. 47 ± 7. 84)ng/ L],IL - 17[in the 6th week,Azithromycin intervention group(19. 12 ± 0. 37)ng/ L,Prenidone in-tervention group(18. 54 ± 0. 36)ng/ L,united intervention group(17. 57 ± 0. 42)ng/ L,model group(26. 69 ± 3. 70) ng/ L;in the 8th week,Azithromycin intervention group(17. 44 ± 0. 46)ng/ L,Prenidone intervention group(16. 37 ± 0. 49)ng/ L,united intervention group(14. 71 ± 0. 99)ng/ L,model group(34. 03 ± 3. 45)ng/ L]in the 3 intervention groups were significantly lower than those of the model group in the 6th ,8th week(F = 82. 963,44. 659 in the 6th week, F = 75. 085,200. 383 in the 8th week,all P ﹤ 0. 05). The levels of IL - 23,IL - 17 in united intervention group were lower than those in respective intervention groups(P ﹤ 0. 05),and the levels in Prednisone intervention group were lower than those in Azithromycin intervention group(P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusions IL - 23 / IL - 17 axis' high activity may be one of the immunologic mechanisms of Adriamycin - induced nephrosis. Azithromycin may inhibit the high activity of IL - 23 / IL - 17 axis to relieve the Adriamycin - induced nephrosis. The inhibition on IL - 23 / IL - 17 axis of Azithro-mycin was similar to Prednisone,and Azithromycin may enhance the effectiveness of Prednisone.

To illustrate the kinds of applicator, indication, side effects, long term follow?up results, clinical experience and the latest developments of intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy (IC/IS?BT),more than 50 research articles concerning IC/IS?BT about cervical cancer were reviewed.

Autoimmunity is influenced by genetic,immune,hormonal,and environmental factors.Viral infections may trigger autoimmunity.It has been established that autoimmunity may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of heart disease.Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of the heart muscle associated with impaired function of the myocardium.Myocarditis is considered as the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy.Myocarditis may be caused by infectious factors and noninfectious factors,noninfectious factors including autoimmune diseases with myocarditis.To gain a better understanding of autoimmune myocarditis,we summarize the pathogenesis and clinical significance of autoimmune myocarditis.

Developing changes of physiology and biochemistry in myocardium and brain tissue after myocardial infarction in rats was observed. The result showed that BP、 ?dp/dtmax and BBF were dccreased significantly at 6 hours after ischemia. The BBF was returned to normal after 72 hours but BP and ?dp/dtmax wcrc kept lower for 7 days. The MDA was clearly higher at 72 hours and returned to normal at 7th days in myocardium and brain tissue. BUt the NAGase reached to the peak at 7th days and was returncd to normal at 14th days. The changes of MDA and NAGase were correlated to the changes of heart fuetion after myocardial infarction. It suggested that cardiogcnic cerebral ischemia is a real fact.

Objective To evaluate the value of (1 ,3)‐β‐D‐glucan(G test) in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary fungal infection (IPFI)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .Methods 96 COPD patients with high risk of IPFI were en‐rolled in the study ,and were divided into IPFI group and non‐IPFI group .The G test were performed on those people while the tra‐ditional methods sputum smear and fungal culture were also performed .The (1 ,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentrations of IPFI group and non‐IPFI group were compared ,and then the areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were calculated .The sensi‐tivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value ,and the area under ROC of the two methods (G test and tradi‐tional methods) were compared .Results The sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value of G test were 89 .5% ,89 .6% ,68 .0% ,97 .2% ,respectively ,when 20 pg/mL was the critical value .Areas under curve were 0 .942 for G test ,and 0 .790 for traditional method .Conclusion The detection of (1 ,3)‐β‐D‐glucan might be faster and with higher positive rate than traditional method ,and could be used for the early diagnosis of IPFI ,provide reference for the treatment .