The paper introduces the background and feasibility of transforming the international standard ISO 23908:2011 , introduces catheters and needles used for blood sampling and gives a rough interpretation of the main content. Based on these analyses, the paper provides some suggestions for this product on standardization.
Humans ; Needles ; Needlestick Injuries

BACKGROUND: Nurses are often exposed to needlestick and sharp-object injuries (NSIs). This study aimed to investigate the post-exposure reporting rate of NSIs among nurses. METHODS: The subjects were 84 nurses from 4 hospitals (3 hospitals with 300 or more beds and 1 hospital with less than 300 beds) who had experienced at least 1 NSI within a 6-month period. The instrument was a self-administered questionnaire, which was based on the EPINet report form and a questionnaire for NSIs among resident physicians, which was used by Choi et al. Data were collected between April 9 and June 15, 2009, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test, which was performed using SPSS with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: Among the 84 nurses who had experienced at least 1 NSI within 6 months, only 14.3% had reported the NSIs, and 58.4% of these subjects reported the NSI immediately after sustaining the injury. The most common reason for not reporting was "the patients were found out to be uninfectious" (81.9%) followed by "too busy" (65.3%). The incidence of post-exposure reporting was negatively related to the number of NSIs (chi-square=13.871, p<0.001) and positively related to assessments of infectivity of the patients (chi-square=4.248, P=0.039) and other persons' recommendations to report NSIs (chi-square=4.092, P=0.043). CONCLUSION: The post-exposure reporting rate was very low. The factors responsible for this low rate should be investigated in a more systematic manner, and more measures should be undertaken to increase the reporting rate among nurses.
Humans ; Incidence ; Needlestick Injuries ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between job stress and needlestick injury the nurses at a University hospital in Incheon, Korea. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted targeting 476 nurses, of which 320 (67.2%) questionnaires were returned and 256 (53.8%) were regarded as being reliable data for analyses. We estimated the relation of job stress to needlestick injury using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-five nurses (64.5%) had suffered at least one needlestick injury (included sharp injuries) during the previous year. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that the high job control group was less likely than the other group to experience needlestick injury (OR=0.51, 95% CI=0.27-0.97). Job demand and social support, however, were unrelated to needlestick injury. The high job strain group was more likely to experience needlestick injury (OR=2.57, CI=1.13-5.83) than the low job strain group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results tend to suggest that nurses who were in the low job control or high job strain status were more likely to suffer a high rate of needlestick injury.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Incheon ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was done to understand nursing students' exposure of needlestick and sharp injuries (NSSI), level of anxiety as well as experience of practicing injection with human beings during Fundamentals of Nursing (FN) practice. METHODS: Data consisted of self-report questionnaires completed by 571 nursing students who had completed an injection practice in FN. The questionnaire included questions on general characteristics, exposure to NSSI, experience of practicing injections with human beings, level of anxiety and other experiences. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. RESULTS: Of the students, 17.5% experienced NSSI and 83.2% performed invasive injection procedures in the FN practice. The level of anxiety was 4.62–6.46/10 points when injecting a classmate and 1.27–1.93/10 points when using manikins. The feeling most often reported was worried about making a mistake that could hurt my classmate (57.2%). CONCLUSION: Nursing students are exposed to NSSI and experience a high degree of anxiety in invasive injection practice. These results indicate that it is necessary to develop and implement standardized NSSI prevention and anxiety reduction programs in FN.
Anxiety* ; Humans* ; Manikins ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels in student nurse of knowledge, compliance and risk factor recognition for needlestick injuries. METHOD: Nine hundred and thirty eight(938) student nurse from 3 universities and 3 junior colleges participated in this study. Completed questionnaires were collected between October and November 2004. They were analyzed by using the descriptive statistics and chi2-test, t-test with the SAS program. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the general characteristics of participants between the two groups - Needlestick Injury(NSI) group and non-Needlestick Injury(non-NSI) group. The scores for knowledge levels of treatment after needlestick injuries and the risk factor recognition level were significantly higher in the NSI group. The scores for performance level as to handling and using needles after needlestick injuries were significantly higher in the non-NSI group. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop a preventive program to decrease the needlestick injury rate among student nurse.
Compliance* ; Humans ; Needles ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors*

OBJECTIVES: Based on multicenter research among tertiary hospitals in Korea, it was our intention to effectively contribute to the prevention of needlestick injuries by understanding the current state of the incidence rate of needlestick injuries and the related epidemiology with respect to medical institution and worker's characteristics. METHODS: Ten hospitals were selected, with the research performed from July to September 2007. Data on cases of needlestick injuries were collected by hospital infection-controlling centers using a specifically developed website and a partially modified self-writing questionnaire based on the Exposure Prevention Information Network (EPINet). RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 327 needlestick injury cases were reported, with an incidence of 10.56 cases per 100 patient beds per year. The existence of source of infection could not be confirmed in one third of the needlestick injuries. There were 4.07 incidences per 100 employees per year. The job with the highest incidence was medical doctor interns (18.66 cases), followed by clinical laboratory workers (7.12 cases) and registered nurses (6.66 cases). CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in number of incidences according to the number of beds. The highest number of cases occurred in the registered nurse-group, but the incidence rate per healthcare worker was the highest in the medical doctor intern-group. Therefore, it is important to conduct research to identify the risk of the incidence with respect to different risk-groups. As a result of this research, it is suggest that a protective policy is required relating to needlestick injuries, regardless of the number of beds and potential cause of infection.
Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Incidence ; Information Services ; Intention ; Korea ; Needlestick Injuries ; Questionnaires ; Tertiary Care Centers

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors related to needle stick injuries (NSIs) and to assess related safety measures among a sample of Iranian nurses. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a random sample of 168 registered active nurses was selected from different wards of one of the hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). Data were collected by an anonymous questionnaire and a checklist based observational method among the 168 registered active nurses. RESULTS: The prevalence of NSIs in the total of work experience and the last year was 76% and 54%, respectively. Hollow-bore needles were the most common devices involved in the injuries (85.5%). The majority of NSIs occurred in the morning shift (57.8%) and the most common activity leading to NSIs was recapping needles (41.4%). The rate of underreporting NSIs was 60.2% and the major reasons for not reporting the NSIs were heavy clinical schedule (46.7%) and perception of low risk of infection (37.7%). A statistically significant relationship was found between the occurrence of NSIs and sex, hours worked/week, and frequency of shifts/month. CONCLUSION: The study showed a high prevalence of NSIs among nurses. Supportive measures such as improving injection practices, modification of working schedule, planning training programs targeted at using personal protective equipment, and providing an adequate number of safety facilities such as puncture resistant disposal containers and engineered safe devices are essential for the effective prevention of NSI incidents among the studied nurses.
Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Appointments and Schedules ; Checklist ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Humans ; Iran* ; Needles* ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Prevalence ; Punctures

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a prevention program for needle-stick injuries among health care workers who have a high occupational risk of such injuries, and to analyze the effect of the program on the subjects' knowledge regarding such injuries and compliance with protocols, as well as the incidence of needle-stick injuries among subjects. METHODS: The subjects of this study were nurses (RNs) and nurse's aides (NAs) working at a university hospital in Daegu. The data were collected by conducting surveys and determining the incidence of needle-stick injuries during a 1-year period before the application of the program. The program consisted of preventive education on needle-stick injury, the use of standardized boxes to measure blood sugar test, and the use of intravenous catheters with safety needles. Six months after the intervention, surveys were conducted to analyze the incidence of needle-stick injuries. The data on knowledge and compliance related to needle-stick injuries before and after program application were analyzed using the paired t-test, and data on the incidence of injuries were analyzed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: The scores on knowledge (RN, P<0.001; NA, P=0.007) and compliance (RN, P<0.001; NA, P=0.038) were significantly higher after the intervention than before. However, the number of reports on the incidence of needle-stick injuries before and after the intervention were not significantly different (RN, P=0.691; NA, P=0.079). CONCLUSION: The prevention program for needle-stick injuries was effective in improving the knowledge and compliance related to needle-stick injuries among RNs and NAs, but the number of reports on the incidence of injuries showed no difference. Therefore, the prevention program must be reevaluated and further developed after continuously monitoring and analyzing it in a hospital setting in order to decrease the incidence of needle-stick injuries.
Blood Glucose ; Catheters ; Compliance ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Incidence ; Needles ; Needlestick Injuries ; Nurses' Aides ; Plant Extracts

In the treatment of maxillofacial surgery, proper intermaxillary fixation is very important in improving bone union and restoration of normal occlusion. Bone screws are placed bicortically in predrilled holes in the maxilla and mandible are commonly used for temporary intermaxillary fixation in the treatment of maxillofacial surgery. Their main advantages are that they are quick and easy to place and remove, save operating time; they reduce the risk of needle-stick injury; they can be used with heavily restored teeth. However, several authors report damage to the roots of teeth in placing these screws with drills and shearing of the screw head. To overcome these disadvantages, a drill-free screw that is self-drilling and self-tapping has been applied. From August, 2003 to May, 2004 drill free scerws have been used in total 11 patients with variable maxillofacial surgery. No complications from the use of these screws were encounterd. Compared with intermaxillary fixation method using predrilled intermaxillary screws, this method is useful, because this method do not cause damage to the roots of teeth and shearing off the screw head.
Bone Screws ; Head ; Humans ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Needlestick Injuries ; Surgery, Oral ; Tooth

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the effects of a multifaceted needlestick injury (NSI) prevention program on changes in knowledge about bloodborne infectious diseases and postexposure coping, attitudes toward postexposure reporting, preventive measures, the number of NSIs, and postexposure reporting pre- and post-intervention among nurses. METHODS: A total of 429 and 420 nurses participated in the pre- and post-intervention periods, respectively. The intervention was performed from April to September 2007, comprising NSI guideline education, the use of containers with enhanced engineering, and the supply of safety devices. RESULTS: The average score of knowledge about bloodborne infectious diseases increased significantly from 8.3 to 8.9 out of 14 points (P<0.001), but the change in score of knowledge about postexposure coping was insignificant. The average score of attitude toward postexposure reporting increased significantly from 8.9 to 9.6 out of 12 points (P<0.001). Preventive measures such as "gloves are provided whenever needed" (P<0.001), "use one-hand technique" (P<0.001), and "needle containers are provided whenever needed" (P=0.031) increased significantly. The number of NSIs decreased by 40.4%, and the postexposure reporting rate increased by 552.8%. CONCLUSION: The multifaceted NSI prevention program positively affected knowledge about infectious diseases and postexposure coping, attitudes toward postexposure reporting, preventive measures, the number of NSIs, and postexposure reporting after intervention. Therefore, we recommend that this program be applied to various healthcare workers in hospitals.
Communicable Diseases ; Delivery of Health Care ; Incidence ; Needlestick Injuries ; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis