No abstract available.
Environmental Monitoring*

The analytical solution for multi-compartment models with a non-zero initial condition is complex because of the inter-compartmental transfer. An elegant solution and its implementation in the ‘wnl' R package can be useful in solving examples of textbooks and developing software of therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacokinetic simulation, and parameter estimation. This solution uses Laplace transformation, convolution, matrix inversion, and the fact that the general solution of an inhomogeneous ordinary differential equation is the sum of a homogenous and a particular solution, together.
Drug Monitoring

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the Vitros 950 (Johnson & Johnson Clinical Diagnostics, Inc., NY, USA) in the measurement of digoxin and theophylline levels and compared its results to those of the TDxFLx II (Abbott Laboratories, IL, USA) used for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) world-widely in order to assess the utility of the Vitros 950 as a TDM instrument. METHODS: From June 1997 to August 1997, 125 and 135 candidates for TDM were randomly chosen to measure digoxin and theophylline, respectively, using the Vitros 950 and TDxFLx II. The relationship between its results and those of TDxFLx II were determined. The within-run and between-run precisions of the Vitros 950 were determined using two controls (Vitros Performance Verifier I and II; J & J Clinical Diagnostics, Inc., NY, USA). The high-concentration control (Vitros Performance Verifier II) was diluted in Vitros 7% BSA to 5 dilutions. And linearity for quantitative analysis of digoxin and theophylline were determined. RESULTS: The coefficients of variation (CV) for the within-run of the Vitro 950 were 0.8% - 4.4%. And the CV for between-run precision of the Vitro 950 were 1.7% - 12.3%. The linearity of digoxin and theophylline were relatively good. The correlations (r) of digoxin and theophylline levels with those determined by the Abbott TDxFLx II were 0.95 and 0.93, respectively (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The recently developed dry slide method of the Vitros 950 proves to good precision and linearity for quantitative analysis of digoxin and theophylline. Its results correlate well with those of the TDxFLx II. The Vitros 950 does not require an elaborate preparatory protocol for the sample, and is easy to use and maintain.So it is considered a highly feasible instrument for stat test.
Digoxin* ; Drug Monitoring ; Theophylline*

No abstract available.
Drug Monitoring ; Mycophenolic Acid

No abstract available.
Drug Monitoring ; Sirolimus ; Tacrolimus

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine ; Drug Monitoring

The surgical treatment of spinal arteriovenous malformations has been improved markedly during the last several years by use of the operating microscope and microsurgical instrumentations. The possibility of total removal has been viewed pessimistically. However, total extirpation of spinal intramedullary arteriovenous malformation(AVM) can be possible by use of intraoperative monitoring of the somatosensory evoked potentials(SEPs). Authors report a case of spinal intramedullary glomus AVM which was successfully removed with intraoperative monitoring of the SEPs and discuss surgical management. Intraoperative monitoring of the SEPs to determine the safety of removing of the spinal intramedullary AVM is stressed.
Arteriovenous Malformations ; Monitoring, Intraoperative*

No abstract available.
Environmental Monitoring* ; Health Promotion*

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*