No abstract available.
Environmental Monitoring*

The analytical solution for multi-compartment models with a non-zero initial condition is complex because of the inter-compartmental transfer. An elegant solution and its implementation in the ‘wnl' R package can be useful in solving examples of textbooks and developing software of therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacokinetic simulation, and parameter estimation. This solution uses Laplace transformation, convolution, matrix inversion, and the fact that the general solution of an inhomogeneous ordinary differential equation is the sum of a homogenous and a particular solution, together.
Drug Monitoring

No abstract available.
Environmental Monitoring* ; Health Promotion*

The surgical treatment of spinal arteriovenous malformations has been improved markedly during the last several years by use of the operating microscope and microsurgical instrumentations. The possibility of total removal has been viewed pessimistically. However, total extirpation of spinal intramedullary arteriovenous malformation(AVM) can be possible by use of intraoperative monitoring of the somatosensory evoked potentials(SEPs). Authors report a case of spinal intramedullary glomus AVM which was successfully removed with intraoperative monitoring of the SEPs and discuss surgical management. Intraoperative monitoring of the SEPs to determine the safety of removing of the spinal intramedullary AVM is stressed.
Arteriovenous Malformations ; Monitoring, Intraoperative*

It is important to predict time to reach therapeutic concentration in phenytoin toxicity. In tradition, frequent drug monitoring is inevitable until the therapeutic serum level is reached. A method of estimating Vmax and Vd of phenytoin with application to estimating time to reach therapeutic concentration of phenytoin is described. We evaluated the usefulness of that method in twelve patients with phenytoin toxicity whose initial levels ranging from 27.7 to 74.0 ug/ml. We compaired the observed time defined as the time of returning from the initial toxic level to the optimum therapeutic level by serial measurement of serum concentration with the calculated time by using the modified Michaelis-Menten equation (Km x In (C1/C2) +Cl-C2=Vmax/vd x T). We determined individual patient's Vmax (maximal metabolic rate of concentration), Vd(volume of distribution of concentration), and Km(constants of Michaelis-Menten equation) for phenytoin, using data obtained from two consecutive serum concentration and known value of Km in Korean. And then, we calculated the decline time of phenytoin. The calculated decline time did not differ significantly from observed decline time (P=0.830). It is possible to predict the time to the therapeutic range and to reduce the unnecessarily frequent drug monitoring.
Drug Monitoring ; Humans ; Phenytoin*

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*

Background: Monitoring antimalarial drug quality should be conducted regularly in locals to enhance the effect of treatment for malaria \r\n', u'Objective: to study and analyze antimalarial drug quality\r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The study was carried out in 2007 for 5 provinces supported by the Global Fund: Ha Giang, Dien Bien, Thanh Hoa, Quang Tri and Gia Lai. Material were malaria drugs: artesunat, chloroquin, quinine, mefloquin, fansidar\u2026etc\r\n', u'Results and conclusion: The strict supervision on the anti-malarial drug quality by the National Malaria Control Program was very good and no substandard antimalarial drugs were detected. Evaluation of antimalarial drug quality and control was made for finding out the counterfeit drugs through sentinel sites in both private and public sectors. A total of 268 samples were collected, of which 13 samples were found substandard drugs (8 samples collected in private and 5 samples in public sectors). No counterfeit drugs were found. \r\n', u'
Antimalarial drug ; quality ; monitoring

The results of project "RAS/6/018" have shown that the rate of HBsAg carriers among normal people was 10.6-15.1%. The rate of HBsAg among blood donors was 1.3%, lower 10 times than this of general population. Frequency of HBV infection, HBV and HIV infection was high among patients with chronic hepatitis. There were markers of HBsAg and HBeAg of transmission from mother to her children among chronic viral hepatitis B carriers due to the uncompleted immunological structure and function.
Hepatitis B ; Monitoring, Immunologic

DECODA is a ecological model. Functions of DECODA include: research, analysis and management of population and community. Master file of DECODA contains species variables, community data and sample variables. DECODA includes 3 modules: MDS, DECORANA, TWINSPAN. Applying DECODA in analyzing medicinal plant (MP) gardens of Yao ethnicity in TWINSPAN classifies 56 MP gardens into 6 groups based on characteristics of MP: I, II, III, IV groups include MPs that fit with high sunlight, heavy soil, medium moisture and poor humus soil. V, VI groups are in opposition to the above groups. DECORANA classifies the MP gardens into 7 groups based on characteristics of gardens: I, II, III, IV groups have a favourable conditions for growing MP and the owner of the gardens pay more attention in growing MP. V, VI groups are in opposition to the above groups.
Environmental Monitoring ; Plants, Medicinal