No abstract available.
Environmental Monitoring*

The analytical solution for multi-compartment models with a non-zero initial condition is complex because of the inter-compartmental transfer. An elegant solution and its implementation in the ‘wnl' R package can be useful in solving examples of textbooks and developing software of therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacokinetic simulation, and parameter estimation. This solution uses Laplace transformation, convolution, matrix inversion, and the fact that the general solution of an inhomogeneous ordinary differential equation is the sum of a homogenous and a particular solution, together.
Drug Monitoring

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the Vitros 950 (Johnson & Johnson Clinical Diagnostics, Inc., NY, USA) in the measurement of digoxin and theophylline levels and compared its results to those of the TDxFLx II (Abbott Laboratories, IL, USA) used for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) world-widely in order to assess the utility of the Vitros 950 as a TDM instrument. METHODS: From June 1997 to August 1997, 125 and 135 candidates for TDM were randomly chosen to measure digoxin and theophylline, respectively, using the Vitros 950 and TDxFLx II. The relationship between its results and those of TDxFLx II were determined. The within-run and between-run precisions of the Vitros 950 were determined using two controls (Vitros Performance Verifier I and II; J & J Clinical Diagnostics, Inc., NY, USA). The high-concentration control (Vitros Performance Verifier II) was diluted in Vitros 7% BSA to 5 dilutions. And linearity for quantitative analysis of digoxin and theophylline were determined. RESULTS: The coefficients of variation (CV) for the within-run of the Vitro 950 were 0.8% - 4.4%. And the CV for between-run precision of the Vitro 950 were 1.7% - 12.3%. The linearity of digoxin and theophylline were relatively good. The correlations (r) of digoxin and theophylline levels with those determined by the Abbott TDxFLx II were 0.95 and 0.93, respectively (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The recently developed dry slide method of the Vitros 950 proves to good precision and linearity for quantitative analysis of digoxin and theophylline. Its results correlate well with those of the TDxFLx II. The Vitros 950 does not require an elaborate preparatory protocol for the sample, and is easy to use and maintain.So it is considered a highly feasible instrument for stat test.
Digoxin* ; Drug Monitoring ; Theophylline*

No abstract available.
Drug Monitoring ; Mycophenolic Acid

No abstract available.
Drug Monitoring ; Sirolimus ; Tacrolimus

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine ; Drug Monitoring

DECODA is a ecological model. Functions of DECODA include: research, analysis and management of population and community. Master file of DECODA contains species variables, community data and sample variables. DECODA includes 3 modules: MDS, DECORANA, TWINSPAN. Applying DECODA in analyzing medicinal plant (MP) gardens of Yao ethnicity in TWINSPAN classifies 56 MP gardens into 6 groups based on characteristics of MP: I, II, III, IV groups include MPs that fit with high sunlight, heavy soil, medium moisture and poor humus soil. V, VI groups are in opposition to the above groups. DECORANA classifies the MP gardens into 7 groups based on characteristics of gardens: I, II, III, IV groups have a favourable conditions for growing MP and the owner of the gardens pay more attention in growing MP. V, VI groups are in opposition to the above groups.
Environmental Monitoring ; Plants, Medicinal

Background: Monitoring antimalarial drug quality should be conducted regularly in locals to enhance the effect of treatment for malaria \r\n', u'Objective: to study and analyze antimalarial drug quality\r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The study was carried out in 2007 for 5 provinces supported by the Global Fund: Ha Giang, Dien Bien, Thanh Hoa, Quang Tri and Gia Lai. Material were malaria drugs: artesunat, chloroquin, quinine, mefloquin, fansidar\u2026etc\r\n', u'Results and conclusion: The strict supervision on the anti-malarial drug quality by the National Malaria Control Program was very good and no substandard antimalarial drugs were detected. Evaluation of antimalarial drug quality and control was made for finding out the counterfeit drugs through sentinel sites in both private and public sectors. A total of 268 samples were collected, of which 13 samples were found substandard drugs (8 samples collected in private and 5 samples in public sectors). No counterfeit drugs were found. \r\n', u'
Antimalarial drug ; quality ; monitoring

The results of project "RAS/6/018" have shown that the rate of HBsAg carriers among normal people was 10.6-15.1%. The rate of HBsAg among blood donors was 1.3%, lower 10 times than this of general population. Frequency of HBV infection, HBV and HIV infection was high among patients with chronic hepatitis. There were markers of HBsAg and HBeAg of transmission from mother to her children among chronic viral hepatitis B carriers due to the uncompleted immunological structure and function.
Hepatitis B ; Monitoring, Immunologic

Biomarkers ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans