Abstract: Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria of bloodstream infection in Fujian Province, and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods Bacteria identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test were carried out on the isolated strains of blood culture samples in 31 medical institutions in Fujian Province according to the unified plan. The data were statistically analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) drug sensitivity executive standard in 2021. Results After removing the duplicate strains, 10 356 strains of bacteria were collected, including 3 668 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (35.4%) and 6 688 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (64.6%). The top 5 bacteria are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 24.5%, and the detection rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (MRCNS) was 76.8%. Vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid resistant staphylococci were not found. The detection rate of penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was 3.2%. Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were 0.8% and 1.1% respectively. The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to carbapenems was 0.8%, and the resistance rate to levofloxacin was 41.9%; the resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems was 15.0%. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems was 45.1%; the detection rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was only 14.2%, and it maintained a high sensitivity to most drugs. Conclusions Most bloodstream infections in Fujian Province are caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus. The drug resistance of some strains is not optimistic, so we should continue to strengthen the clinical application management of antibiotics and use them correctly and reasonably. Keywords: Bloodstream infection; bacteria; antibiotics; drug resistance monitoring

Accidents, Occupational ; Acute Disease ; Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; poisoning

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of hypothermia combined with dexamethasone on spermatogenesis and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) after testicular torsion-detorsion.

METHODSWe made unilateral testicular torsion models in 100 pubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats by 720 degree torsion of the left testis and then randomly divided them into four groups of equal number to be treated with normal temperature + physiological saline (group A), hypothermia + physiological saline (group B), normal temperature + dexamethasone (group C), and hypothermia + dexamethasone (group D). After 48 hours, we collected the testes, observed pathological changes of the testicular tissue by HE staining under the light microscope, detected the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells by TUNEL, and determined the expression of ICAM1 by Western blot.

RESULTSHE staining showed different degrees of testicular tissue injury in the four groups of rats, most obvious in group A, but mild in the other three. The ICAM1 protein expression was significantly higher in group A (0.68 +/-0. 03) than in B (0. 49 +/- 0. 06, P <0. 05) , C (0. 46 +/- 0. 09, P < 0.05) , and D (0.17 +/- 0.08, P <0.01). The nuclei were deep brown or brown. Lots of apoptotic spermatogenic cells were seen in the torsion testis of group A, with a significantly higher apoptosis index ( [33. 13 +/- 3.21 ]%) than in B ( [ 17. 12 +/-5.23 ]%, P < 0.05), C ([14.13 +/- 2.03]%, P <0.05), and D ([9.05 +/- 1.03]%, P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONHypothermia combined with dexamethasone can protect the testis from injury as well as the reproductive function of the testis after testicular torsion-detorsion and reduce the expression of ICAM1.

Animals ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Spermatogenesis ; drug effects

Objective To explore the ultrasonographic characteristics in craniocerebral gunshot injured areas and the value of ultrasound technology for judging the activity of wound tissues. Methods After establishment of the model of penetrated craniocerebral gunshot wound, the ultrasonographic characteristics of the tissues in the injured areas were observed by conventional ultrasound and contrastenhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) ,and compared with the pathological changes of the wound area. Results ①A straight-looking, irregular-edged, easily distinguishable pipe-shaped high-level echo can be seen by conventional ultrasound in craniocerebral gunshot injured areas. ②The pipe-shaped strong echo usually shows non-enhancement by the CEUS,or shows homogeneous hypo-enhancement in some areas. ③Tissues around the pipe-shaped echo usually appears that the homogeneous hypo-enhancing area and non-enhancing area exist together. ④Around the above-mentioned the hypo-enhancing area and non-enhancing area, a hyper-enhancing area can be seen, and appears to be a typical ring-shaped high-level echo in short-axis section of the pipe-shaped echo. ConclusionsConventional ultrasound can easily shows the distribution of craniocerebral gunshot injured areas characterized by pipe-shaped high-level echo, and CEUS can precisely demonstrate necrotic tissues in the gunshot injured areas,distinguish them from the degenerative tissues and normal tissues. The application of ultrasound technology will greatly improve the therapeutic and treatmental level of the craniocerebral gunshot wound.

Objective To explore the specific ultrasonic manifestation features of intracranial foreign bodies after firearm injury,and to evaluate the value of ultrasonography in detecting intracranial foreign bodies.Methods ① The specific ultrasonic manifestation features of intracranial foreign bodies were summarized by making ultrasonic scanning over known foreign bodies of different types inserted before hand in around the injury tracts.②With the summary,ultrasonic scanning was made to the foreign bodies with unknown size and types,the result was confirmed with the fetched-out foreign bodies,and the coincidence of ultrasonography in scanning the intracranial foreign bodies after firearm injury was evaluated.Results Ultrasonography could distinguish intracranial foreign bodies from brain parenchyma,intraeranial foreign bodies of different types had different ultrasonic manifestation features.The size and the materials of the foreign bodies had certain affection on the result of ultrasonic scanning.The accuracy of qualitative judgement in scanning the intracranial foreign bodies was 71.52％,and the accuracy in scanning the foreign bodies with diameter ＞ 0.5 cm was higher than that with the diameter ＜ 0.5 cm.The coincidence in qualitative judgement of the foreign bodies of different materials ranged as follows:bullet (97 ％ )＞ steel ball (81.13％),bone pieces (78％) and glasses (72％) ＞gauze (54.67％) and wood pieces (54.67％).Conclusions The intracranial foreign bodies of different materials have specific ultrasonic manifestation features and ultrasonography can scan out their locations.The coincidence of qualitative judgement in scanning the bodies with diameter over 0.5 cm is high.Ultrasonography may be of important significance in guiding the fetch-out of intracranial foreign bodies on the spot and in raising the rescuing level of firearm injury.

OBJECTIVETo understand the status and problems of complementary feeding and to explore the strategy of improving complementary feeding for infants and young children in China.

METHODData of urban and rural children were selected from the China Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (CFNSS) dataset to describe the status of complementary feeding and growth of children. Logistic Regression was used to analyze the relationship between child growth and the complementary feeding pattern.

RESULTSApplications of foods that come from animals, vegetable/fruit and dairy product in complementary feeding were negatively correlated to the prevalence of stunting and underweight. Attributable risk (AR) of no application of vegetable/fruit in complementary feeding to stunting was 30.2%, to underweight 35.4%; AR of no application of foods from animal products in complementary feeding to stunting was 28.2%, to underweight 11.7%; and the AR of no application of diary products in complementary feeding to stunting was 27.4%, to underweight was 15.9%.

CONCLUSIONComplementary feeding contributed to the improvement of infants and young children growth in China. There is an urgent need to develop health education in the public on infants and young children complementary feeding, in the mean time, it is pressing to pay attention and take actions to develop and promote affordable, acceptable, and accessible fortified complementary food in rural areas of China.

Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Dairy Products ; Fruit ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Meat ; Nutrition Surveys ; Vegetables

Objective To explore the value of echo-tracking technique in the detecting the ipsilateral external iliac artery elasticity after gunshot wound in pig limbs.Methods Two-dimensional ultrasound imagings and elasticity parameters of external iliac artery of fifteen pig limbs were obtained respectively,and the results were compared with pre-injury groups.The animals were sacrificed after ultrasonography.Pathological examinations of adjacent external iliac artery of injured pig limbs were analyzed.Results Two-dimensional ultrasound imagings of external iliac arteries had no significant changes post-injury.The changes of elasticity parameters were significiant differences in the injured group comparing with the pre-injured group (P ＜0.05),including the increased stiffness parameter(β),pressure-strain elasticity modulus (Ep)and the decreased arterial compliance(AC).Pathological result showed that the internal elastic lamina of artery detected were flat,endothelial cells came off discontinuously and structure of them were undefined.Conclusions Echo-tracking technique can find the elastic changes of adjacent artery indirect injured by gunshot wound sensitively and which can suggest the occurrence of vascular indirect injury.

Objective To evaluate the applicability of activated charcoal in treatment of oral poisoning. Methods The feasibility of clinical manipulation and tastiness of 4 forms of activated charcoal were investigated, with different dosage forms in 35 nurses and 50 volunteers, respectively. The feasibility of the clinical manipulation was assessed by gastrelavage time and block numbers of stomach duet,and the tastiness by volunteers' taking orally. Results The gastrolavage time (151.8±17.8) s for powder, (96.9±24.80) s for suspension, (319.0±82.4) s for tablet and (314.3±93.3) s for suspension(P <0.001). Conclusion There are significant differences in the applicability of activated charcoal in different dosage forms. The suspension is the best form in feasibility. Capsule and tablet are better than powder and suspension in tastiness. Suspension and powder are the worst to accept.

Objective To investigate the effects of IGF-Ⅱ on adriamycin-induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(HepG2).Methods Cultured HepG2 cells were divided into:①group A:control group;②group B:ADM group(200 ng/ml);③group C:2 ng/ml IGF-Ⅱ+200 ns/ml ADM group;④group D:20 ng/ml IGF-Ⅱ+200 ng/ml ADM group;⑤group E:200 ng/ml IGF-Ⅱ+200 ng/ml ADM group. After HepG2 were treated for 48 h,MTT colorimetry was performed to determine the cell viability,Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate,and Weastern-blot was performed to evaluate the expression of survivin. Results The cell viability of group A、B、C、D、E was respectively 0.568±0.025、0.201±0.020、0.232±0.027、0.268±0.013 and 0.304±0.019;The cell apoptosis rate of group A、B、C、D;E was respectively 6.9％±1.3％、35.4％±2.1％、31.2％±2.2％、26.4％±1.7％and 21.7％±1.9％;Survivinβ-actin of group A、B、C、D、E was respectively 0.527±0.039、0.147±0.081、0.311±0.069、0.421±0.033 and 0.469±0.031.The cell viability in IGF-Ⅱ+ADM group was better than ADM group(P＜0.01),the cell apoptosis rate in IGF-Ⅱ+ADM group was significantly lower than ADM group(P＜0.01),the expression level of survivin in IGF-Ⅱ +ADM group was significantly higher than ADM group(P＜0.01). Conclusions IGF-Ⅱ inhibits ADM-induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells,probably by up-regulating cell's survivin expression.

Objective To establish a simple and sensitive method for the determination of serum copper by spectrophotometry.Methods Nitro-PAPS was used as a coloring agent for serum copper in the presence of surfactants Tween-80 and Triton X-100 and the formed complex was measured by spectrophotometry.Results The maximum absorption wavelength of the complex was 570 nm and the molar absorption coefficient was 7.95?10~4 L/(mol?cm).The lineafity of the method was up to 63.0 ?mol/L and the recoveries ranged from 98.6% to 103.1%.The within-run and between-run CVs were 2.1%-3.3% and 2.7%-3.8%.The method(Y)was compared with an AAS method(X)and a correlation of Y=1.01X -0.27(r=0.998 2)was obtained.A reference interval(x~-?2s)determined with this method on 68 individuals was 9.7-24.1 ?moL/L.Conclusions A simple and sensitive method for serum copper has been established.It may used for the analysis of serum copper in clinical laboratories.