Background and Objectives: The use of conventional microscopy still forms the basis for the morphologic evaluation of erythrocytes despite widespread use of automated tests in the hematology laboratory. This requires a considerable length of time and expertise, and have the potential of becoming a source of errors and delay in reporting. Advances in image processing and machine learning in recent years have shown acceptable performance characteristics and have promising applications in the diagnostic laboratory. Use of these newly-developed technologies can address the stated problems and provide an alternative approach in the microscopic analysis of erythrocytes. Methodology: This prospective validation study compared digital image analysis using a machine-learning based image recognition algorithm with conventional microscopy performed by a trained microscopist, which served as the reference standard. Random deidentified anticoagulated peripheral blood samples submitted to the hematology laboratory were assessed. Results: A total of 956 erythrocytes were evaluated after image processing using support vector machine and routine microscopy as classifiers of erythrocytes into three categories: size, central pallor, and shape. The tested software was able to achieve a strong level of agreement compared to conventional microscopy, having kappa values ranging from 0.81 to 0.86. Accuracy for size, central pallor and shape were 89.88%, 93.72% and 87.89%, respectively. Conclusion: The validated image recognition software is an acceptable diagnostic test in determining erythrocyte morphology in peripheral blood smears. Its integration can potentially minimize hands-on time and improve the diagnostic laboratory workflow. Registration Philippine Health Research Registry (PHRR) ID: PHRR191211-002348; University of the Philippines Manila Research Ethics Board (UPMREB): 2019-356-01.
Microscopy

No abstract available.
Microscopy, Confocal

PURPOSE: To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) as measured using noncontact specular microscopy (NCSM), dual rotating Scheimpflug camera (Galilei(R)), and ultrasound pachymetry (USP). METHODS: The measurements of CCT using NCSM, dual rotating Scheimpflug camera and USP in 70 eyes of 70 healthy subjects were compared. RESULTS: The average measurements of CCT using NCSM, dual rotating Scheimpflug camera, and USP were 567.70 +/- 31.21 microm, 557.84 +/- 26.29 microm, and 553.31 +/- 29.69 microm, respectively. The CCT measurement using NCSM was statistically significantly thicker than when measured using USP (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the NCSM and dual rotating Scheimpflug camera (p = 0.138). Additionally, there was no significant difference between the dual rotating Scheimpflug camera and USP (p = 0.656). A significant linear correlation was observed among the NCSM, dual rotating Scheimpflug camera, and USP (r > 0.900, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the 3 methods were significantly correlated but the measurement using NCSM was significantly thicker than when using USP. CCT measurements of healthy eyes using dual rotating Scheimpflug camera were more correlated with USP than NCSM. The CCT measurements using dual rotating Scheimpflug camera is a better alternative for USP than NCSM.
Microscopy* ; Ultrasonography*

Objective: To measure the ciliary sulcus diameters (CSD) in phakic eyes of adult Filipinos using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study involving Filipino patients recruited from the Outpatient Department of Makati Medical Center, Philippines from September 2006 to December 2006. Vertical and horizontal CSDs in phakic eyes were measured using a UBM Scan 1000 (Ophthalmic Technologies Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Three repeated measurements of each meridian were taken and averaged. The average CSD for each eye was computed as the average of the horizontal and vertical CSDs. Student’s t-test was used to analyze data. Results: Seventy-one (71) patients (142 eyes) were included in the study. Mean CSD measurements were as follows: horizontal CSD = 9.76 ± 0.42 mm; vertical CSD = 10.00 ± 0.48 mm; average CSD = 9.88 ± 0.47 mm. There was a significant difference between the means of the vertical and horizontal CSD measurements (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the mean CSD measurements of the right and left eyes (P= 0.50). Conclusions In this cohort of adult Filipino patients, the UBM-measured vertical CSD is significantly greater than the horizontal CSD. Establishment of CSD measurements of adult Filipino eyes may be helpful in selecting appropriately-sized intraocular lenses for ciliary sulcus implantation.
Microscopy, Acoustic

The section of Annulata under genus Hypoxylon is a member of the Xylariaceae which has ascomata with ostioles papillate ill a flattened disc. The isolates of Hypoxylon collected from the Tropic to the Temperate are compared with similar taxa and described. These isolations under Annulata section are illustrated with a light microscopy and a scanning electron microscopy. Hypoxylon archeri is newly recorded from Korea. A key to the species is also included.
Fungi* ; Korea ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Wood*

No abstract available.
Hair* ; Microscopy, Electron

The normal corneal endothelial cell count was measured by the non-contact(Nikon, AS-1, Japan) and contact type(Bio-optic, LSM 2000, USA) specular microscopy. The results of two types were compared to investigate the possible differences in types of specular microscopy. No statistically significant differences were found between the results from the non-contact type and those from the contact type; the mean number of normal Korean corneal endothelial cells according to the age was 2795 in the 2nd decade, 2615 in the 3rd decade, 2463 in the 4th decade, 2283 in the 5th decade, 2119 in the 6th decade, 2019 in the 7th decade and 1920 over the 8th decade.
Endothelial Cells* ; Microscopy*

Intestinal villi morphology in 2.5 to 6.5 month old fetus is studied with scanning electronic Microscopy (SEM). Results show that original form of intestinal villi is finger or cone shape without cross sulci on surface and tip sudden. The big finger forms are divided into small size or leaf shape. Cross sulci and tip sunder are appeared on appeared on intestinal villi in six month old fetus. After delivery, surface of intestinal villi is changed very little.
Microscopy ; Anatomy & histology ; Fetus

A female patient with 33 ages suffered the ischiorectal lesion that experienced incision without removal of lesion. The features suggested the ischiorectal endometria included solid organ caused pain in the ischiorectal region, no fever, increased pain and bigger organ during menstruation. The total removal operation of this organ and microscopic tests was carried out to treat and affirm the ischiorectal endometria
Endometrium ; Microscopy, Interference

Electronic microscopy is essential for virus research and detection. To detect viruses or microorganisms, the study of appearance, dimentions, microstructure, parallel structure (cell, capsid, capsome and spikes), cell outer layer, pore and hair and comparison with the previous ones is vital through electronic microscopy. The advantage of this method is samples taken easily, quick classification, multifactoral causes and fast diagnosis.
Virus Diseases ; Microscopy ; Diagnosis