OBJECTIVES

This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, coping strategies, and willingness to go on duty in a COVID-referral hospital in Metro Manila among medical interns from March to April 2021.

The study comprised medical interns selected via stratified random sampling and was conducted to meet the research objectives. Data were obtained through the Willingness to Go on Duty questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and the Filipino Coping Strategies Scale. Descriptive and inferential analysis (chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman’s correlation) of data was used in this study.

26.62%, 23.02%, and 13.67% of the 139 participants reported having severe to extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, internship classification, training/track, presence of comorbidities, and living arrangement were not associated with psychological distress, while the use of some coping strategies was associated with some of these variables. 85.61% of the medical students who participated in the study expressed willingness to go on duty in non-COVID areas, while only 43.88% were willing to go on duty in COVID areas. Most of the participants who are unwilling to report in non-COVID areas reported having symptoms of moderate to extremely severe depression based on their DASS-21 scores.

Coping strategies used by medical students in this tertiary COVID-19 hospital during the pandemic differed across demographic variables and may be a function of societal and cultural norms. The top reason for the willingness to go on duty regardless of area of assignment (COVID or non-COVID) is the need for clinical learning experience and skills development, while the main reason for their refusal is the fear of being exposed to or contracting COVID-19.

Introduction: Medical student attrition and poor academic performance have implications for both medical schools and the future healthcare workforce. This study aimed to determine the demographic and academic characteristics of first-year medical students with low academic performance across different instructional modalities—traditional face-to-face, online, and HyFlex learning. Methods: This non-concurrent cohort study included first-year medical students enrolled from School Years (SY) 2018–2019 to 2024–2025. Student characteristics analyzed included sex, pre-medicine degree, pre-medicine general weighted average (GWA), National Medical Admission Test (NMAT) score, and academic performance in annual first-year subjects. Low academic performance was defined as failure in at least one annual subject. Students were grouped according to instructional modality: face-to-face (SY 2018–2020), online (SY 2020–2022), and HyFlex (SY 2022–2025). Demographic and academic characteristics were compared between students with and without low academic performance. Results: A total of 2,936 first-year medical students were included. The proportion of students with low academic performance was 19% during the face-to-face period, 17% during the online period, and 27% during the HyFlex period. Across all instructional modalities, students with low academic performance had significantly poorer pre-medicine GWA than students who passed all annual subjects (p<0.05). During the online and HyFlex periods, students with low academic performance also had significantly lower NMAT scores than students who passed all annual subjects (p<0.05), whereas no significant difference in NMAT scores was observed during the face-to-face period. Conclusion Pre-medicine GWA was consistently associated with academic performance across face-to-face, online, and HyFlex instructional modalities. Lower NMAT scores were associated with low academic performance during online and HyFlex learning. Early identification of students with poorer pre-medicine academic performance and lower NMAT scores may facilitate timely academic support.
Students, Medical ; Academic performance ; Education, Distance ;

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Given the rigors of medical training with its high documented prevalence of mental issues as well as the global need to safeguard the well-being of medical students, there is an urgency to assess the well-being of medical students and their perception of support from their respective medical schools during their education. This also applies in the context of public medical school students in the Philippines, where there is still a relative lack of literature. This cross-sectional study investigates the well-being and such perceptions of medical students at the University of the Philippines College of Medicine (UPCM).

The study uses a quantitative approach using a subset of secondary data from a college-wide survey online that was disseminated, through convenience sampling, to medical students from October 3, 2018 to December 3, 2018. A total of 432 responses were included in the analysis, out of the total student population of the included learning unit levels of 809. Participants were grouped based on their entry into medical school, either through the Integrated Liberal Arts and Medicine (INTARMED) program or lateral entry. Exclusion criteria comprised responses from Learning Unit I-II (pre-medical proper) students and incomplete survey sets. Responses were interpreted using established scales such as the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4), and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory-Medical Student (OLBI-MS). Data analysis involved statistical techniques including one-way ANOVA and independent samples t-test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

The findings suggest that medical students at UPCM generally find the administrative and academic systems satisfactory, but express concerns about inadequate educational resources and infrastructure, especially as they progress through their studies and engage more with clinical settings like the Philippine General Hospital (PGH). As students advance through the program, there are different patterns for wellbeing outcomes, including decreasing perceived stress and increasing burnout. In particular, LU IV and LU VII students reported lower well-being and higher burnout levels, respectively. This is potentially due to heavier workloads and clinical responsibilities. Lateral entrants, who are older and typically enter with prior degrees, tend to have higher well-being and lower burnout compared to INTARMED students, suggesting age and previous educational experience may play a role in adjustment and coping mechanisms.

Overall, the study highlights the medical students’ generally satisfactory perception of medical educational aspects, as well as the patterns of wellbeing throughout their medical college experience. Furthermore, it identifies different areas for improvement to ensure effective education and student mental health. By analyzing trends across different year levels, the study provides insights for interventions and program refinements, while also suggesting avenues for further research to assess student experiences over time.

INTRODUCTION

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading global health concern. Modifiable behavioral risk factors are increasingly recognized in young adults, especially among medical students who often live independently. This study investigated the association between living alone and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors—sleep quality, sodium intake, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI)—among medical students at UERMMMCI during the 2022-2023 academic year.

Researchers conducted an analytical cross-sectional study among 220 medical students. Validated tools were used: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Scored Sodium Questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and BMI classification. Researchers performed statistical analyses using Chi-square tests and calculated relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals.

A significant positive association was found between living alone and poor sleep quality (RR 2.132 p = 0.047). No significant associations were observed between living alone and sodium intake (RR 0.96 p = 0.6868), physical activity (RR 1.18 p = 0.2239), or BMI (RR 1.03 p = 0.7367).

Among the studied cardiovascular risk factors, only poor sleep quality was significantly more prevalent among students living alone. These findings highlight the importance of interventions targeting sleep hygiene in this demographic.

Medical students need the basic skills and techniques in family counseling to holistically manage a family. E-learning as a mode of teaching family counseling was experienced by medical students due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a case series of ten medical students in a tertiary training hospital who described their thoughts and feelings about the e-learning platform used. A focused group discussion composed of seven students was conducted independently. The students’ perceptions on the use of e-learning were generally negative in nature. The volume of online learning materials to be studied and the poor-quality videos reflected the sudden shift to e-learning due to the pandemic. Limitations on the e-learning format resulted in the inability to recognize non-verbal gestures which was crucial in counseling. The poor internet connectivity within the students’ learning environment was a hindering factor as it prolonged the counseling. Positive perception was mainly due to the effectiveness of the instructor in teaching online family counseling. The adeptness in navigating online platforms and guidance to students during the demo-returndemo resulted in the achievement of the expected outcomes of the workshop. The high preference to face-to-face mode may be attributed to the number of negative perceptions by the students.

BACKGROUND: A comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurring under school supervision is lacking. We aimed to comprehensively describe the characteristics and outcomes of OHCA among students in elementary schools, junior high schools, high schools, and technical colleges in Japan. METHODS: OHCA data from 2008-2021 were obtained from the SPIRITS study, which provides a nationwide database of OHCAs occurring under school supervision across Japan. We included cases in which resuscitation was attempted by emergency medical service personnel or bystanders. The cases were classified into three groups based on their etiology: cardiac, non-cardiac, and traumatic origin. The primary outcome was one-month survival with favorable neurological outcomes, defined as a Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance category of 1 or 2. The demographic characteristics, event details, and outcomes were compared across the three groups by using χ² tests for categorical variables and one-way analyses of variance for continuous variables. RESULTS: During the 14-year study period, 602 OHCA cases were confirmed, with 430 (71.4%) classified as cardiac, 91 (15.1%) as non-cardiac, and 81 (13.5%) as traumatic origin. Non-cardiac and traumatic cases were less likely to be witnessed at the time of arrest (46.2% and 42.0%, respectively) than cardiac cases (82.6%; p < 0.001). Initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders was less common in non-cardiac and traumatic cases (62.6% and 42.0%, respectively) than that in cardiac cases (82.8%; p < 0.001). The delivery of defibrillation using public-access automated external defibrillators was also significantly less frequent in non-cardiac (3.3%) and traumatic cases (6.2%) than that in cardiac cases (59.8%; p < 0.001). Ventricular fibrillation (VF) as the first documented rhythm was observed in 77.9% of cardiac cases but was much less common in non-cardiac (5.5%) and traumatic cases (8.6%; p < 0.001). One-month survival with favorable neurological outcomes was significantly lower in non-cardiac (6.6%) and traumatic cases (0%) than that in cardiac cases (50.2%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS OHCAs of cardiac origin were more frequently associated with VF and had relatively good prognoses. In contrast, OHCAs of non-cardiac and traumatic origins consistently resulted in poor outcomes, highlighting the critical importance of prevention strategies to reduce the occurrence of these incidents.
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/etiology* ; Humans ; Japan/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Students/statistics & numerical data* ; Schools/statistics & numerical data* ; Adolescent ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/statistics & numerical data* ; Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data* ; Epidemiologic Studies

Medical students need the basic skills and techniques in family counseling to holistically manage a family. E-learning as a mode of teaching family counseling was experienced by medical students due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a case series of ten medical students in a tertiary training hospital who described their thoughts and feelings about the e-learning platform used. A focused group discussion composed of seven students was conducted independently. The students’ perceptions on the use of e-learning were generally negative in nature. The volume of online learning materials to be studied and the poor-quality videos reflected the sudden shift to e-learning due to the pandemic. Limitations on the e-learning format resulted in the inability to recognize non-verbal gestures which was crucial in counseling. The poor internet connectivity within the students’ learning environment was a hindering factor as it prolonged the counseling. Positive perception was mainly due to the effectiveness of the instructor in teaching online family counseling. The adeptness in navigating online platforms and guidance to students during the demo-returndemo resulted in the achievement of the expected outcomes of the workshop. The high preference to face-to-face mode may be attributed to the number of negative perceptions by the students.

Simulation Training-methods (MT) ; Students, Medical.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased reliance on digital devices for education, leading to heightened concerns about digital eye strain (DES) among students. This study aimed to investigate the association between screen time and the degree of DES among first to third-year medical students at a private medical school from August to September 2023. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional design was employed, involving 194 participants who completed a self administered questionnaire, including the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and relative risk calculations. RESULTS: The mean daily screen time was 6.94 hours, with 79.38% of participants reporting symptoms of digital eye strain. A significant association was found between screen time and DES, with a positive risk ratio of 1.304 for those spending 4-8 hours on screens compared to those with less than 4 hours. CONCLUSION This study highlights the growing prevalence of DES among medical students during the pandemic, emphasizing the need for educational institutions to implement strategies that mitigate screenrelated health risks. Recommendations include awareness programs, ergonomic guidelines and regular eye check-ups to promote ocular health.
Human ; Students, medical ; online learning ; education, distance

Objective: This study aims to report the incidence and characteristics of breakthrough infections among medical students in the first Philippine private medical school that resumed limited face-to-face classes and clinical rotations from July to December 2021. Methods: This is a descriptive study using secondary worksheet from multiple-source records review of breakthrough infections among medical students from July to December 2021. Results: Among the 837 vaccinated medical students, 23 (2.7%) experienced COVID-19 breakthrough infections. Of these, 9 were male and 14 were female. Four were asymptomatic and 19 were symptomatic. Of the 19 symptomatic, 18 had mild and 1 had severe disease. Mild infections presented with upper respiratory tract symptoms. Duration of symptoms ranged from 4 to 27 days with an average of 10 days. Timing of breakthrough infections ranged from 35 to 212 days after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine with a mean of 86 days. Contact with confirmed cases was reported in 14 of 23 cases, 13 were from household members and none within the SLICE and CLARO programs. Conclusion Our study showed that even in the midst of the Delta surge, low breakthrough infection rate with mostly mildly symptomatic cases and no case transmissions within the SLICE and CLARO programs are possible with vaccination, regular health surveillance, and strict adherence to minimum health protocols.
Breakthrough Infections ; COVID-19 ; Philippines ; Students, Medical ; Vaccination