Two parental strains BY-14 and BY-6,with high leavening ability in lean and sweet dough respectively,were selected.Through spore production and separation,two haploids with opposition types were selected for cross-breeding.At last one hybridization strain was obtained,with good fermentation ability as BY-14 in lean dough and better than BY-6 by 25%in sweet dough.

Objective To observe the change of the level of blood ghrelin in the children with anorexia and its relationship with insulin sensitivity.Methods Height,weight,body mass index(BMI)of 40 children in anorexia group,20 healthy children in control group were measured;the level of blood grelin,insulin and blood glucose were determined;insulin sensitivity index(ISI) was calculated,then the results in both groups were analyzed.Results Levels of height,weight and BMI in anorexia group were significantly lower than those of control group.The ghrelin and ISI levels in anorexia group were significantly higher than those in control group,but the insulin and glucose levels were significantly lower in anorexia group than those in control group,the differences were significant.Ghrelin level showed negative correlation with insulin and blood glucose concentration in both groups and positive correlation with ISI level.Conclusions The decrease of appetite in children with anorexia may not necessarily result from under-secretion of ghrelin.The increase of insulin sensitivity in children with anorexia may be a response to high level of ghrelin secretion.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of PI3K p85alpha in normal colorectal tissue, colorectal adenoma and primary colorectal carcinoma and explore its significance in the progression of colorectal cancer.

METHODSThe expression of PI3K p85alpha was detected in 116 normal colorectal tissue, colorectal adenoma and primary colorectal carcinoma specimens using immunohistochemical staining, and the relationship between the expression of PI3K p85alpha protein and the clinicopathological factors was analyzed.

RESULTSThe positivity rates of the expression of PI3K p85alpha protein increased gradually in the progression of colorectal cancer and showed significant differences between the tissues (P<0.05). A significant difference was also noted in the positivity rates of the PI3K p85alpha expression in colorectal carcinoma tissues at different Dukes' stages (P<0.05). No obvious correlation was found between PI3K p85alpha expression and the degree of the tumor differentiation.

CONCLUSIONSAbnormal PI3K p85alpha expression occurs in the progression of colorectal cancer in close relation to the clinical stage, and the PI3K/AKT pathway plays an important role in the progression of colorectal cancer.

Adenoma ; enzymology ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; enzymology ; pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo understand the genotypic mapping of Mycobacterium leprae identified in China and to compare with those from other countries to select suitable alleles for epidemiological investigation in the transmission chain of leprosy.

METHODSVarious number of tandem repeat(VNTR) in genomic DNA of Mycobacterium leprae was used in the present genotyping study. 33 skin biopsies from Wenshan prefecture,Yunnan province and 17 from other parts of China were studied. DNA extracted from skin biopsies of leprosy patients was subjected to PCR followed by agarose gel analysis and DNA sequencing to determine the number of repeats.

RESULTSLoci GGT-5,12-5,21-3 and 23-3 were as highly homogenous as 100%; The homogeneity of loci AC-8, 18-8, 27-5 and rpoT were 97%, 94%, 97% and 85% respectively. Loci GTA-9, AC-9 and 6-7 showed significant allelic diversity in isolates and the diversity of GTA-9 in Mycobacterium leprae isolated from China was also different from those identified other countries. We had subjected loci GTA-9 and the ten loci to phylogenetic tree analysis respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe present study revealed that the genotype of Mycobacterium leprae identified from China was close to the strains from the Philippines and India although a few loci were somehow differentiate. Locus 12-5 manifested as only 3 copies in China whereas 4-5 copies predominating in other countries. 12-5 locus might serve as a useful marker to diffrentiate Chinese strains from those in other countries. However, further study on the diversity of GTA-9 was needed in China. The molecular typing of Mycobacterium leprae from different geographic areas might be useful in studying the transmission of leprosy.

Alleles ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; Genotype ; Humans ; Leprosy ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Mycobacterium leprae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo study the level of intelligence in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and the relationship between the level of intelligence and gene mutations.

METHODSOne hundred and two children with DMD between January 2009 and March 2011 were enrolled. DMD gene detection was performed through the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in 84 cases. The level and the structure of intelligence were evaluated by Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC) in 50 children with DMD (≥6 years old; DMD group) and in 50 age-and gender-matched healthy children (control group).

RESULTSThe average intelligence quotient (IQ) was 84±21 in 102 children with DMD. Thirty patients (29.4%) had the full intelligence quotient (FIQ) less than 70. The FIQ, verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) and the scores of 11 sub-tests of intelligence in the DMD group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The IQ in patients with gene mutations at exon 56-79 was the lowest (59.3±11.9), followed by in patients with gene mutations at exon 45-55 (88.6±1.9), at exon 1-29 (97.5±9.6) and at exon 30-44 (102.8±3.8) (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe FIQ, VIQ and PIQ in children with DMD are lower than those in healthy children. There is association between mental retardation and gene mutations.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Intelligence ; Male ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; genetics ; Mutation

Objective : To analyze influencing factors of aortic pulse wave velocity (APWV) in patients with essential hypertension (EH).Methods : The 336 EH patients from our hospital were divided into elevated APWV group (n＝281) and normal APWV group (n＝55)- Clinical data were compared between two groups ,and multi-factor Logis-tic regression was used to analyze influencing factors of APWV in EH patients .Results : Compared with normal AP-WV group ,there were significant rise in age [ (56-71 ± 11-45) years vs-(62-98 ± 12-36) years] ,percentages of di-abetes mellitus (5-45% vs- 19-22%) ,obesity (18-18% vs- 23-84%) ,smoking (16-36% vs- 30-60%) , EH stage 3 (12-73% vs- 32-03%) ,body mass index [BMI , (22-53 ± 2-07) kg／m2 vs-(23-28 ± 2-04) kg／m2 ] ,systolic blood pressure SBP [ (139-64 ± 12-85) mmHg vs.(147-39 ± 13-30 ) mmHg] ,diastolic blood pressure DBP [ (93-18 ± 8-73) mmHg vs .(96-43 ± 9-14 ) mmHg] , TC [ (5-18 ± 0-91 ) mmol／L vs-(5-65 ± 1-03 ) mmol／L ] , LDL-C [ (3-00 ± 0-68 ) mmol／L vs-(3-24 ± 0-72 ) mmol／L ] ,serum creatinine SCr [ (110-71 ± 52-39 ) μmol／L vs-(138-52 ± 63-65) μmol／L] ,serum uric acid SUA [ (318-73 ± 102-62) μmol／L vs-(354-28 ± 108-35) μmol／L] , and significant reduction in level of HDL-C [ (1-19 ± 0-32) mmol／Lvs-(1-09 ± 0-30) mmol／L] in elevated AP-WV group , P＜0-05 or ＜0-01- Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis indicated that age ,diabetes mellitus ,SBP , TC ,SCr and EH stage were independent risk factors for APWV (OR＝2-826 －3-732 , P＜0-05 all).Conclusion :Age ,diabetes mellitus ,SBP ,TC ,SCr and EH stage are risk factors for APWV in EH patients- Therefore ,corre- sponding preventive and therapeutic measures should be taken to improve prognosis .

AIM:To investigate the expression of CD44 and transcription factor NANOG in epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC)and its clinical significance.METHODS:The expression of CD44 and NANOG in EOC and benign ovarian tumor tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method.The correlation between the expression of CD 44 and NANOG in EOC was analyzed.The expression of CD44 and NANOG in ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 after treatment with cisplatin at different concentrations were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:The positive expression rates of CD44 and NANOG in EOC were significantly higher than those in benign ovarian tumor tissues(P<0.01).In EOC,positive correlation was observed between the expression of CD 44 and NANOG(r=0.346,P<0.01).The positive expression rate of CD44 was associated with clinical stage and lymphatic metastasis(P<0.05), and had no relationship with age, histological grade, pathological types and the location of tumors.The positive expression rate of NANOG was associated with clinical stage and histological grade(P<0.05),and had no relationship with age,lymphatic metastasis,pathological types and the location of tumors.Increased expression of CD44 and NANOG were detected in ovarian cancer cell line SKOV 3 after treatment with cisplatin(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The over-expression of CD44 and NANOG are associated with the occurrence and development of EOC.The expression of cancer stem cells marker CD 44 and the pluripotent gene product pertaining to em-bryonic stem cells NANOG are increased in cisplatin-induced SKOV3 cells.Cancer stem cells and the expression of stem-ness-related gene may well be the underlying pathogenesis that promotes the onset, progression, and chemotherapy resist-ance of EOC.

OBJECTIVEMultiple locus variable number-tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) had been proposed as a means of strain typing for tracking of source and studying the transmission chain of pathogens. However, empirical data for a defined population from scale and duration were lacking for studying the transmission chain of leprosy.

METHODSMLVA on 7 VNTR loci was applied to the strain typing on prevalent Mycobacterium leprae isolates collected from Qiubei county, Yunnan province during 2002-2006 in the study on the relationship between geographic distribution and genotypes of M. leprae. The strain typing, combined with conventional epidemiological investigation was performed to trace the transmission chain.

RESULTS(1) Phylogenetic analyses through application of PAUP 4.0, The M. leprae were grouped into A, B, C, D and E strains according to the allelic range 9, 11-13, 15-26 and > 26 on the GTA9 locus. The strains with 9 copies on GTA9 locus, was named A. (2) Genotypes of strains from the five multi-case families located at North and North-West parts were similar and belonged to A strains. VNTR patterns of intra-family were identical or similar but not identical inter-family. (3) Not only A cluster appeared higher proportion in total isolates but also distributes cluster, indicating ongoing transmission from recent findings.

CONCLUSIONVNTR strain typing was suitable to trace the short chain of transmission in both small area and intra-families. Multi-case families might constitute epidemic foci and source of M. leprae in villages, causing the predominant strain or cluster which tends to be those identified in multi-case families and resulted in the spreading of leprosy. A long-term study was underway to reveal whether A strain was predominant strain and to observe the evolution of M. leprae in this spatially and temporally defined endemic population.

Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Leprosy ; microbiology ; Male ; Minisatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Mycobacterium leprae ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of NGX6 on the transcriptional activation of beta-catenin/TCF/LEF in Wnt/beta-catenin signal pathway, and to identify the role of NGX6 in Wnt signal pathway. METHODS: The eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)-beta-catenin (WT) was constructed. pcDNA3.1(+)-beta-catenin (WT) and pCMV-myc-NGX6 were cotransfected to COS-7 and the transcriptional activity of TCF/LEF was detected by TCF-4 luciferase report system. Without extro-genous beta-catenin, pCMV-myc-NGX6 was transfected alone to COS-7 and colon cancer cell line SW620, and the transcriptional activity of TCF/LEF was detected by TCF-4 luciferase report system, and then the expression of nucleus beta-catenin and TCF-4 was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)-beta-catenin (WT) was successfully constructed. The activation of TCF-4 luciferase report gene in the cotransfection group in COS-7 was less than that in NGX6 alone transfection group (P<0.05). The activation of TCF-4 luciferase report gene in NGX6 alone transfection group without extro-genous beta-catenin was less than that in pCMV-myc transfection group in COS-7 and SW620. The expression of beta-catenin and TCF-4 was decreased after the NGX6 transfection in COS-7 and SW620 cells. CONCLUSION NGX6 can inhibit the transcriptional activation of beta-catenin/TCF/LEF in Wnt signal pathway by its negative regulation in the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin.
Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; genetics ; COS Cells ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Transcription Factor 4 ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; beta Catenin ; genetics ; metabolism

The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical efficacy and safety of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (G. pentaphyllum) in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, and to provide systematic evaluation basis for clinical application. CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, Web of science, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about G. pentaphyllum in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Review Manager 5.4 were used for statistical analysis. Through reading topics, abstracts, and full texts, 27 papers with 2311 cases involved that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were finally included for the analysis. In terms of curative effect, the effect of G. pentaphyllum alone in increasing high density lipoprotein (HDL) index was better than that of conventional treatment, and the effect of reducing total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was similar to that of conventional treatment. There was a synergistic effect between G. pentaphyllum and conventional drugs, and the combination of G. pentaphyllum and conventional drugs was superior to conventional treatment in reducing TG and increasing HDL. G. pentaphyllum can also decrease the levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, indicating a certain protective function of the liver. In terms of safety, there were fewer cases of adverse reactions in the G. pentaphyllum treatment group, and the adverse reaction events reported in the literature was mild. According to the results of meta-analysis, G. pentaphyllum was effective in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, and it has the potential to be combined with traditional drugs, has a certain liver protection function, and was superior to traditional drugs in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.