Hedging is an important component of vague language. This paper retrieves high frequency expressions of hedgingby using medical English corpus. Pragmatic functions of hedging are analyzed, which can be summarized as politeness principle, authors' self-protection, avoidance of the absolute, pursuit of objectiveness as well as conversational implication. To medical researchers, it is necessary to cultivate the awareness of hedging and learn how to adopt it in their research papers.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors,prevention measures and treatment methods of the pulmonary fibrosis patients with nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection. Methods50 pulmonary fibrosis patients with nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection were chosen as the observation group. In the same time,50 pulmonary fibrosis patients without nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection were chosen as the control group. The following factors were compared: hospital stay, corticosteroid use, antibiotic use, invasive procedures, a merger of the underlying disease.ResultsThere were 46％ (23/50) patients had long-term use of antibiotics in the observation group, much more than the control group(26％ ,13/50) ,the difference was statistically significant( P ＜0.05) ;More than half of patients in both groups using glucocorticoids, the ratio in the observation group was 84％ (42/50), which was significantly higher than the control group( P ＜ 0.05) ; In the observation group, the rates of patients with long time hospitalization ( ≥30 days), received invasive procedures, and associated with underlying diseases were much higher than the control group( all P ＜ 0.05). ConclusionMultiple risk factors could lead to the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis patients with nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection,and the positive and effective preventions and standard treatment should be taken.

Objective:To explore the clinical application of permanent needle of deep venipuncture in early management of extensive burn.Methods:88 patients with extensively burn are analyzed.Results:The success rate of venipuncture was 96%.The effect was satisfactory,while the complication was less.Conclusion:The permanent needle of deep venipuncture shows an important role in early management of extensive burn.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare type of extranodal lymphoma, and its incidence rate is increasing nowadays. Chemotherapy is the main means for treatment of PCNSL and the efficacy of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) has been confirmed among those chemotherapeutics. Treatments of HD-MTX combined with other drugs have been studied extensively. Progress of HD-MTX and other drugs for PCNSL are reviewed in this article.

Ear Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

ObjectiveTo study the correlation between blast lung injury (BLI) and acute posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) through the establishment of the model about blasting injury of rats.Methods84 SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups:the normal control group( A),the model groups ( B,C) and the sham model group(D).21 rats in each group.The chest of the model group and sham model group rats,respectively,were exposed to 8＃ instantaneous electric detonator at different distances.Then,emotion and behavior of rats was observed through open field test and elevated plus maze test,at day 1,14,28 after blasting.Group A was not given the explosion of stress treatment.After testing,each group was randomly picked up seven rats for succumbing to draw blood which was used to detecting the level of plasma corticosterone by radioimmunoassay,respectively.Results( 1 ) On day 1,it was a significant difference that the latency time ( LT),crossing frequency (CF),rearing frequency(RF) and modification frequency(MF) which were both group B( (25.34 ± 4.50)s,( 19.73 ± 11.10 ),(0.52±0.11),(0.53±0.21) respectively)and group C((22.13 ±6.54)s,(28.67 ±7.22),(1.07 ±0.26),( 0.89 ± 0.15 ) respectively ) were compared with group A,including LT,CF and RF of group D ( ( 23.71 ± 3.9 ) s,(25.13 ± 12.35 ),( 1.26 ± 0.74 ) respectively ) (P ＜ 0.05 ).Then,on day 28,although there was a significant difference which both the LT,CF and RF of group B,and the CF and RF of group C were compared with group A(P ＜ 0.05 ),no significant discrepancy was observed between group B and C (P ＞ 0.05 ).( 2 ) In the elevated plus maze test,the result was similar to the open field test.(3)On day 1 after blasting injury,it was significant distinction that the level of serum corticosterone of group B,C and D (( 153.15 ± 44.50) ng/ml,( 132.72 ±78.77)ng/ml,(96.16 ±8.96)ng/ml respectively)were higher than group A(P＜0.05).Finally,the level of serum corticosterone of group B,C and D were lower than group A on day 28 (P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionBLI model successfully induces acute stress disorder(ASD) of rots which behaved like anxiety,fear,hyperarousal and avoidance,and promots furtherly the development of ASD to PTSD,and establishes the modle of acute PTSD.

Objective To investigate midwives' role cognition and their working experience.Methods It was a qualitative study using the phenomenological method.10 midwives were interviewed and all the data were analyzed using the categorization method.Results Three main categories were identified:diversified midwife roles; capacities and qualities required to fulfill midwifery roles; positive and negative experiences coexisted.Conclusions Managers should develop humanized management approaches to facilitate the fulfillment of midwives' roles and improve their working experience.The research also revealed the need to improve Chinese midwifery education and the midwifery regulation systems.

Through tracing literatures of TCM theories,this article discussed the theoretical basis for treating chloasma from liver.60 female chloasma patients were selected and treated with traditional Chinese medicine of dispersing the depressed liver qi.By observing the score of SDS and SAS,we analyzed the influence of emotion on female chloasma,and the effectiveness of treating chloasma from liver.The article believed that paying attention to regulate the whole body condition will exert a treating at fundamental causeof the disease.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation has been confirmed to have excellent effect on the treatment of diabetic foot.
OBJECTIVE:To assess the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation on diabetic foot ulcers and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor.
METHODS:Literatures concerning the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation on foot diabetic and expression of vascular endothelial stem cells were retrieved. Articles that met the criteria were analyzed in depth. Here, we analyzed the experimental research and clinical application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of diabetic foot. In experimental studies, rat models of diabetic foot ulcers were established and subjected to bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation to observe wound healing of ulcers and analyze the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. In clinical research, the fol ow-up was conducted in diabetic foot patients undergoing bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation to observe the wound healing of ulcers and adverse reactions.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Experimental studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation is better than conventional treatment in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, but the healing of diabetic foot ulcers is stil slower than that of normal ulcers. After celltransplantation, the expression of vascular endothelial stem cells is elevated but stil lower than that in the normal ulcer controls. Clinical studies have shown that for patients with diabetic foot ulcers, the ulcer wound can be healed after bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation, as wel as there are no cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, liver and kidney damage and changes in bleeding and coagulation time.

The paper elaborates the utilization status of the graphic reports system in hospitals, proposes that ASP .NET technology should be applied to realize the web-based hospital integrated query system for graphic reports, analyzes the advantages of applying ASP .NET technology and introduces the concrete realization of the integrated query system.This system solves the problem that graphic reports are unable to be queried simultaneously, resulting from differences between various internal reporting systems in hospitals.