Objective To explore the impacts of 75％ low-protein diet intake during gestation on fetal growth restriction (FGR) rat model establishment.Methods Thirty-eight pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were included into the study.At first,five pregnant rats were fed with sufficient normal diet with protein content of 22％.Their daily food consumption was recorded and taken as the basis to determine daily feed consumption of 75％ low-protein group (protein content 9.2％).In order to ensure that each group finally had at least ten pregnant rats to deliver,there were 11 rats assigned to the control group (pregnant rats fed with sufficient normal diet,protein content was 22％),13 to the low-protein group (pregnant rats fed with low protein diet,protein content was 9.2％,but the food consumption was the same as control group) and 14 to the 75％ lowprotein group (pregnant rats fed with low-protein diet,protein content was 9.2％,the food consumption was 75％ of the control group).All female rats were fed with sufficient normal diet after delivery.The body weight,overall weight gain during gestation,the mortality rate and the non-delivery rate of pregnant rats were compared.The third day's newborn weight after birth,FGR incidence and the mortality rate within three days after birth of newborns were also compared.One way analysis of variance,LSD-t test,independent sample t-test and Chisquare test were used as statistical methods.Results (1) The body weight of pregnant rats:There was no significant difference in body weight among the three groups at gestational day 0,3 and 6.On day 9,body weight of 75％ low-protein group [(271.9±8.4) g] and low-protein group [(274.1 ±7.8) g] were significantly lower than that of the control group [(287.2± 18.7) g] (t=2.514 and 2.170,both P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the former two groups.On Day 12,body weight of 75％ low-protein group [(275.7 ± 10.7) g] and low protein group [(285.1 ± 12.5) g] were significantly lower than that of the control group [(306.4±29.7) g] (t=3.262 and 2.218,both P＜0.05),and the difference between the former two groups was also statistically significant (t=2.098,P＜0.05).Before delivery,body weight of 75％ low-protein group,low protein group and control group were (300.4±14.1) g,(317.0±16.3) g and (372.9±19.1) g,respectively with statisticall significance (F=64.219,P＜0.05).The overall weight gain during pregnancy for 75％low-protein group,low-protein group and control group was (61.6± 19.8) g,(81.8±21.6) g and (139.3± 12.0) g,respectively.The difference among the three groups was statistically significant (F=55.863,P＜0.05).(2) The mortality rates of pregnant rats for 75％ low-protein group,low-protein group and control group were 3/14,2/13 and 1/11 respectively without significant difference (P＞0.05).Neither was the non-delivery rate within 30 days (embryonic resorption) for the three groups (1/14,1/13,0/11,P＞0.05).(3) The numbers of pups were 101 in 75％ low-protein group,104 in low-protein group and 107 in control group.The newborn mortality rate within three days after birth was 28.7％ (29/101) in 75％ tow-protein group and 23.0％ (24/104)in low-protein group,with were significantly higher than that of the control group (7.5％,8/107) (x2=16.022and 9.976,both P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between groups.The third day's newborn weight after birth for 75％ low-protein group,low-protein group and control group were (6.3 ±0.8) g,(6.9±0.9) g and (8.1 ±0.9) g,the difference was statistically significant (F=90.602,P＜0.05).FGR incidence for 75％ low-protein group was 55.6％ (40/72),which was significantly higher than that of the low-protein group (28.8％,23/80) and the control group (5.0％,5/99) (x2=11.220,54.834 and 18.833 all P＜0.05).Conclusion 75％ low-protein diet feeding during pregnancy is an ideal method to induce FGR rat model with high FGR incidence,whereas and low mortality rates of pregnant rats,the fetuses and newborns.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; complications ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Scalp ; Young Adult

Objective:To observe HSP70 expression during experimental tooth movement in rats.Methods:Orthodontic appliance was placed between the maxillary right first molar and maxillary central incisors of 30 adult SD rats.The rats were killed at 1,3,5,7,14 d after orthodontic force application,samples of experimental teeth with periodontal tissue were prepared for immunohistochemical examination of HSP70 expression.Result:Strong expression of HSP 70 in periodontal ligment was observed at 1 and 3 d after orthodontic force application,positive at 5 d and weak positive at 7 and 14 d.Conclusion:HSP 70 is expressed in periodontal ligment at different levels in different stages during orthodontic tooth movement.

Objective To investigate the role of sufentanil on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion model of liver cell apoptosis and bel-2/Bax expression,and the opioid receptor-mediated effects in the process.Methods Seventy two healthy adult Wistar rats,weight 200-250 g,either male or female,were randomly divided into 9 groups(n=8),sham operation group(S),ischemia-reperfusion group(IR),sufentanil treated group (SPC),three kinds of opioid receptor antagonist,NTD(δ receptor antagonist,),nor-BNI(κ receptor antagonist),CTOP(μ receptor antagonist)in the intervention groups(NTD + SPC,nor-BNI + SPC,CTOP + SPC),three kinds of opioid receptor antagonist control groups(NTD,nor-BNI,CTOP).by clamping the superior mesenteric artery production model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury,after the end of the experiment,immediately take the left lobe of liver specimens.Immunohistochemical detection of bcl-2/Bax protein expression,terminal transferase labeling(TUNEL)assay of liver cell apoptosis index(AI).Results Compared with IR group,SPC Group bcl-2 expression increased(0.277±0.014 vs 0.230±0.013)(P＜0.05),bcl-2/Bax ratio increased(1.375±0.113 vs 0.819±0.102)(P＜0.05),Bax down regulation(0.202±0.013 vs 0.283±0.025)(P＜0.05),liver cell AI reduced(6.491±1.191vs10.094±1.051)(P＜0.05).Compared with the SPC group,NTD + SPC group,nor-BNI +SPC group,CTOP+SPC group bcl-2 expression decreased(F=59.698,P＜0.05),bcl-2/Bas ratio decreased(F=40.349,P＜0.05),Bax expression was elevated(F=53.765,P＜0.05),liver cells AI elevated(F=76.728,P＜0.05).Conclusion Sufentanil pretreatment inhibit rat intestinal ischemia-reperfusion liver cell apoptosis.δ,κ,μthree kinds of opioid receptor mediate the protective effect of sufentanil,and the effects are equal.

Current materials used for maxillofacial prostheses are far from ideal,and how to develop a final prosthetics material is a significant topic in the research of maxillofacial prostheses.In this paper,some pertinent research of silicone elastomeric materials,such as mechanical properties and colorant are reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the mechanical properties of SEI silicone for maxillofacial prosthesis before and after heat aging and explore its clinical value. Methods Two kinds of silicones, SEI and A-2186, were performed heat aging for 24, 48 and 72 h. The parameters of tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness of them were detected under ordinary state and at different time points after heat aging. Statistic comparison and analysis were conducted. Results Tear strength, tensile strength and elongation at break of A-2186 silicone were more favorable than those of SEI silicone under ordinary state, while the parameter of hardness was an exception (P < 0.05). After heat aging and with time progress, tear strength, tensile strength and elongation at break significantly decreased and hardness significantly increased for both A-2186 silicone and SEI silicone (P < 0.05). After heat aging, tear strength and tensile strength of A-2186 silicone were more favorable than those of SEI silicone, while the latter had a minor change in hardness. Conclusion Compared with the worldwide commonly used A-2186 silicone, there is room for improvement in tear strength and tensile strength for SEI silicone. Given the favorable property of minor change in hardness after heat aging, SEI can be used as a prosthetic material for facial soft tissue defect.

Objective To monitor the change of cardiac function in neonatal sepsis by using the ultrasonic cardiac output monitor(USCOM).Methods Thirty two cases of mild sepsis neonates and nineteen cases of severe sepsis neonates were enrolled and thirty three cases of healthy neonates were enrolled in the control group.The cardiac output indicators of three groups were monitored by USCOM.The differences of cardiac function among 3 groups and the changes of candiac function after treatment in septic neonates were investigated.Results Compared with control group,the heart rate,systemic vascular resistance of mild sepsis neonates group and severe sepsis neonates group were significantly higher,and the cardiac output,systolic volume,cardiac index,aortic peak velocity were significantly lower,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The cardiac index,cardiac output were significactly lower in severe sepsis neonates group than those in mild sepsis neonates group(P<0.05).After improving cardiac function treatment,all cardiac function indexes of sepsis neonates were improved than before treatment,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion There are significant cardiac function changes in sepsis neonates.The cardiac function and overall circulation state monitoring by USCOM is fast and convenient,and USCOM can provide the basis for treatment and evaluation of the neonatal sepsis.

Objective To evaluate the effects of alcohol extract of juglans mandshurica maxim (AEBJ) on immune function of ionizing irradiated mice.Methods The mice were randomly divided into normal control group,irradiating control group,low AEBJ(300 mg?kg-1)irradiating group,high AEBJ(600 mg? kg-1)irradiating group,low AEBJ plus drugs only group and high AEBJ plus drugs only group.The number of WBC and LYMPH,LYMPH%,viscera index,ability of lymphocytes transformation were examined.Results Compared with normal control group,the number of WBC and LYMPH,LYMPH%,viscera index,ability of lymphocytes transformation in irradiating control group were decreased significantly (P

Gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Decreased insulin sensitivity is a significant etiological factor of T2DM. Adipocytes, myocytes, and hepatocytes are the three major target cells for insulin. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of TMAO on the insulin sensitivity of these target cells. Research results indicate that in different ages of db/db diabetic mice, plasma TMAO levels were increased. TMAO significantly inhibits the insulin signaling pathways in these three major insulin target cells, reduces glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myocytes and downregulates genes related to gluconeogenesis in primary mouse hepatocytes. Furthermore, in mice with normal insulin sensitivity, elevating plasma TMAO levels to those seen in db/db mice using a minipump results in impaired glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia. All animal experiments were carried out with approval of the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College). Mechanistic studies suggest that TMAO exposure increases the levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins in these three major insulin target cells. In summary, TMAO directly attenuates insulin sensitivity in insulin target cells, and its mechanism of action may involve enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress.

AIM: To evaluate visual acuity outcomes after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD).METHODS: We reviewed the medical documents of the patients who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgery during June 2013 and January 2016.Totally 61 eyes of 48 patients with wAMD in the stable stage were recruited.The pre-and post-operative vision of selected cases were recorded and compared.RESULTS: After phacoemulsification and intralocular lens implantation, visual acuity changes were as follows: 49 eyes improved, 11 eyes retained, and 1 eye deteriorated.Visual acuity improvement after cataract surger were statistically significant (P<0.001).Visual acuity improvement was not related to age.CONCLUSION: Visual acuity improved in patients with wet AMD after phacoemulcification and intraocular lens implantation.