OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different respiratory mask pressure on the upper airway volume(UAV),and to compare the changes of UAV between patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and normal adults. METHODS Thirty three patients with OSAHS and thirty normal adults were included in this study.CT scan evaluated the UAV from roof of nasopharynx to glottis.UAV under different respiratory mask pressure between patients with OSAHS and normal adults were compared.RESULTS Patients with OSAHS had less UAV,and changes of UAV per cmH_2O were significantly smaller in patients with OSAHS than normal adults.CONCLUSION The results suggest that the quantitative data of UAV and changes of UAV per cmH_2O can be obtained.Upper airway anatomic narrowing and reduced airway distensible degree are major etiological factors for OSAHS.

This paper aims to elucidate the great impact of Latin, one of the most ancient languages, on the formation and development of English for Medical Purpose(EMP)from the historical point of view, and meanwhile provides it with detailed evidence in phonetic, lexical and grammatical respects.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)and clinic characteristics and result of coronary artery angiography of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods Two hundreds and seven patients for coronary artery angiography were divided into CHD group and control group.Their clinical data and results of coronary artery angiography were analyzed through statistics.Results SUA levels of CHD patients were significantly higher than the control subjects SUA(P

Executive function is an important advanced cognitive process, and it is the function that integrates different cognitive processes to achieve one's aim. Updating is an important component of executive function. According to the classifications of Miyake & Colletee on executive function, two study paradigms on memory updating are discussed: n-back paradigm & running memory paradigm. A new study method called latent variable analysis and new studies of cognitive neuroscience on memory updating are introduced. Issues on ethics and morality in research on cognitive experiment of psychology are briefly demonstrated to explore appropriate direction for research of executive function in future.

BACKGROUND: Cirrhosis can cause severe effect on spinal cord or other tissue and organ sometimes.OBJECTIVE: To establish cirrhosis model with rat liver injured by tetrachloride so as to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences from March 2002 to December 2003. Totally 20 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into cirrhosis group and normal group with 10 in each group.METHODS: Cirrhosis model in cirrhosis group was established with rat liver injured by tetrachloride, but rats in normal group were not treated with any method. After 3 months, total rats in the two groups were perfused and fixed; meanwhile, tissue of spinal cord was taken out for section.Quantity and gray degree of NOS positive cell in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis were measured with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate-diaphorase (NADHP-d) histochemical method and Leica Q500IW image analysis system.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups; [2] Distribution of NOS positive cell of rats in the two groups.RESULTS: Twenty rats all entered the final analysis. [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups was 60 (P ＞ 0.05). [2] In the area of gray matter of spinal cord, NOS positive cells were mainly distributed over the circumference of central canal, i.e. the Ⅹ layer of spinal cord and intermediolateral nucleus. Color of NADHP-d was positive, and the cellular form was shaped in triangle and fusiform. Cellular nucleus was not colored but color of cytoplasm was deep. The size of cells was moderate mainly of 25 μm. NOS positive cells were generally distributed averagely over intermediate zone of gray matter in cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and had no specific changes.CONCLUSION: Expression of NOS in spinal cord of rats in the cirrhosis group and the normal group is probably identical. Distributive characteristics of nitrogen monoxide (NO) in spinal cord suggest that adjustment on low sympathetic nerve of rats with cirrhosis is not different from that of the normal.

Objective To study the effect of mosapride citrate in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and its effect on gastrin .Methods 86 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease admitted in our hospital from August 2013 to August 2016, those patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the order of admission,43 cases in each group.The control group was treated with esomeprazole on the basis of basal therapy, and the observation group was treated with mosapride citrate on the basis of control group.The clinical curative effect and adverse reaction were analyzed,visual analogue scale(VAS), gastrin and motilin were compared before and after treatment between the two groups.Results After treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than the control group [90.70% (39/43) vs.65.12% (28/43)](P<0.05). The VAS score in the observation group was significantly lower than the control group [(2.43 ±0.25) vs.(4.02 ±0.41)](P<0.05).The levels of gastrin and motilin in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group[ (55.87 ±4.82) pg/mL, (308.43 ±19.31) pg/mL vs. (44.12 ±3.86) pg/mL,(243.12 ±15.76) pg/mL](P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reaction rate between two groups. Conclusion Mosapride citrate tablets can be used in gastroesophageal reflux disease , can effectively improve the patient's gastrin levels and clinical symptoms, clinical efficacy is good, and with low rate of adverse reactions.

Glucocorticoid is the first choice for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in children. But due to various reasons, nephrotic syndrome becomes hormone dependent or resistant, and progresses into refractory nephrotic syndrome in some children, which forces the clinician to constantly look for new immunosuppressants in order to alleviate the condition.,Rituximab injection (RTX) as a monoclonal antibody against CD20 has been widely used in the treatment of a variety of immune diseases in recent years. The use of RTX in refractory nephrotic syndrome in children, its main adverse effects and possible mechanisms was reviewed in this article.

The prevalence rate of diabetes is continuously increasing in China, and diabetes characterizes as high morbidity, low diagnostic rate, low cure rate, and low good control rate, which consequently resultes in the occurrence and progression of various diabetic complications and dramatically decreases the quality of life as well as the survival of diabetic patients.So it is crucial for clinician to screen diabetes early, make the diagnosis early, and start the treatment promptly.This article systemically summarizes the clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, typing, pathophysiology, complications, and management of diabetes.

BACKGROUND:CT perfusion technology is a common non-invasive detection method, which can be used to quantitatively determine the ischemia severity and range at early stage of cerebral infarction and then judge whether ischemic brain tissues can survive or recover. OBJECTIVE:To assess the neurological function recovery of cerebral infarction rats undergoing neural stem cel transplantation using CT perfusion imaging. METHODS:A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, cerebral infarction group, transplantation group, with 20 rats in each group. Rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was made in the latter two groups. After 24 hours of modeling, PBS and 8×105 neural stem cels were administratedvia the tail vein into the rats in the cerebral infarction and transplantation groups, respectively. CT perfusion-weighted imaging was performed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after transplantation. Modified neurological severity scores were recorded at 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after transplantation. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to calculate infarct volume at 4 weeks after transplantation. Hematoxylin- eosin staining was adopted to observe pathological changes of brain tissues at 2 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no abnormal hemodynamic changes in the control group at different time points. The transplantation group exhibited an increasing CT value with time, and the increased cerebral blood flow could improve the survival rate of neurons in the ischemic penumbra. The modified neurological severity score and infract volume in the transplantation group were both significantly lower than those in the cerebral infarction group (P < 0.05). Cel necrosis was improved obviously in the transplantation group. These results show that CT perfusion imaging can be used to observe the neurologic function recovery of cerebral infarction rats in aspects of morphology and hemodynamics.

Objective] From the Chinese point of view of haze-induced lung injury pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment, it provides theoretical support. [Method] To exogenous disease TCM theory, the nature of the haze of evils, a sense of evil ways and pathogenic characteristics, etc. based on the analysis of the haze of the etiology and pathogenesis of lung injury, the basic pathogenesis are analyzed and discussed. [Results] For haze pathogenic proposed basic principles should be taken to the prevention, prevention is greater than cure, the treatment should be Quxie, and to righten. Work using the method of elimination of pathogens through purgation and churesis.[Conclusion]For haze urgent treatment, prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for haze-induced lung injury has very important theoretical and practical value.