OBJECTIVETo develop the Chinese version of the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire.

METHODSAfter introduction, forward and backward translation, synthesis, expert committee review, pretest, adaptation and validation followed the international guidelines, the Chinese version of NOSE scale was tested among 223 nasal septal deviation patients and 80 health volunteers to further assess its psychometric and clinical properties. SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data.

RESULTSThe Chinese version demonstrated satisfactory evaluation results. The acceptance rate of the questionnaire was 97.6% and 94.1% in the patient group and control group respectively, and the completion time was (1.5 ± 0.5)min and (1.0 ± 0.5)min. Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α) was calculated to be 0.869. Test-retest reliability coefficient was adequate at rs = 0.996. Content validity was approved by our expert committee. Criteria validity (Spearman correlation coefficient) between NOSE Chinese version and SF-36, as well as VAS was -0.837 and 0.725 separately. Construct validity of Chinese version was similar to that of the original edition. The standardized response mean and the effect size at three months postoperatively was respectively 1.34 and 1.21, indicating high responsiveness. Calculated by Mann-Whitney U test, the instrument showed excellent sensitivity to discriminate the subjects with or without nasal obstruction (P < 0.01). The NOSE scores were also correlated with nasal resistance by rhinomanometry.

CONCLUSIONSThe NOSE Chinese version was successfully cross-cultural adapted and validated. It therefore can be recommended as a robust tool for future measuring subjective severity of nasal obstruction in China.

China ; Humans ; Language ; Nasal Obstruction ; diagnosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Symptom Assessment

The paper describes the validation of the Malay Preschool Language Assessment Tool (MPLAT), a standardized normed referenced language assessment tool for Malay preschoolers within the ages of 4;0-6;11 and whose native language is Malay. The MPLAT (A Razak et al. 2010) is an assessment tool which is designed to assess the areas of receptive language, expressive language and early literacy skills. The MPLAT contains six subtests i.e. picture vocabulary, grammatical understanding, sentence repetition, referential meaning, relational meaning and early literacy skills. This paper is divided into 2 studies. Study 1 tested the psychometric properties and normative data of the diagnostic version of MPLAT on 300 participants recruited from preschools in the rural area of Gua Musang and the urban area of Kota Bahru located in the East Coast state of Kelantan. The construct validity is high with a strong correlation (r = 0.942) between test scores and age, validating the developmental nature of the test. There was also moderate to strong positive correlation between each subtest and the test total, as well as between subtests. It also has high test-retest reliability (r = 0.998 (p < 0.01) and inter-rater reliability (rho = 1.000). The second study looked at the psychometrics properties of the MPLAT short version (screening) compared to the full version diagnostic. The short version of MPLAT is about a quarter of the full (diagnostic) version. About 108 subjects in the urban area of the the Klang Valley, consisting of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, were administered both versions of the MPLAT. The Pearson correlation revealed a strong positive correlation between the total scores and age (r = 0.718, p<.01), and strong positive correlation for the test-retest reliability (r = 0.881, n=12) for the short MPLAT version. For the full version, the Spearman correlation revealed a strong positive correlation between total scores and age (r = 0.791, p<.01) and a very strong positive Pearson correlation for test-retest reliability (r = 0.943). Cronbach's Alpha values demonstrated the internal consistency of the full version (0.972) and short version (0.929). In summary, both versions of the MPLAT were found to be valid tools to screen and diagnose language problems among Malay preschool children in Malaysia. MPLAT also has the potential to be a useful research tool to delineate language development of the preschool Malay children.
Malay Preschool Language Assessment Tool (MPLAT) ; screening tool ; diagnostic tool ; language assessment ; Malay preschool children ; test development ; test validation

No abstract available.
Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Korea ; Language ; Liver Diseases/*diagnosis ; Needs Assessment ; *Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Sickness Impact Profile

For students entering health education, it is essential to learn the languages that are native to the place of education. The study is undertaken with purpose to assess language skill of undergraduate students at Sharad Pawar Dental College in India so that remedying can be planned at their entry to the new course. This cross-sectional study was done from September 2014 to February 2015. The 157 dental undergraduates were subjected to structured questionnaire that has items on their assessment of three languages i.e., Marathi, Hindi and English. Later, the need assessment to develop language skills of students was done through focus group discussions. Students' perception about language classes was obtained through interviews. The correct response rate of study participants to test items on three languages ranged from 69.4%-81.05% and 82.5%-91.59% for first and second year, respectively. There were significant differences in response rate among three language item groups. The language classes brought out appreciable changes in their understanding of local languages. Study brought out need to address language gaps to aid to smooth out their transitions in new institute.
Achievement ; *Comprehension ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Education, Dental ; Educational Measurement ; Female ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; India ; *Language ; *Learning ; Male ; Needs Assessment ; *Students, Dental ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: The objective of present study was to identify the rehabilitation outcome measures currently used in Korea. METHOD: The survey was conducted by e-mail questionnaire to 165 department of rehabilitation medicine in hospitals of Korea. Non-responders were sent a second copy of the questionnaire if they did not answer within 1 week. Data from the returned questionnaires were entered into a Microsoft Excel and subjected to descriptive and simple quantitative analysis. RESULTS: A total of 99 (60%) responses were received. Of these, 95% units collected some outcome assessment measure as part of routine clinical practice. Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) (80%) was the most popular global outcome measures. The Korean version of Berg Balance Scale (K-BBS) (53%) was used most frequently for balance assessment. Upper extremity function was checked with hand grip strength test (70%) and Box and block test (67%) most commonly. Korean version of Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) was the most popular cognitive function test (75%). PARADISE Korean version-Western Aphasia Battery (PARADISE K-WAB) was the most popular language test (67%). Sixty-three (67%) units used outcome results for discussion and goal setting. Seventy-eight (78%) units responded that they would use a standardized outcome measures if there is an agreed standardized outcome measures lists (80%) and support of money and time (43%). CONCLUSION: The survey demonstrated that quite widespread use of outcome assessments in routine clinical rehabilitation within Korea. There is also an agreement for need of common 'basket' of recommended instruments for rehabilitation.
Aphasia ; Coat Protein Complex I ; Electronic Mail ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Korea ; Language Tests ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Treatment Outcome ; Upper Extremity ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: The objective of present study was to identify the rehabilitation outcome measures currently used in Korea. METHOD: The survey was conducted by e-mail questionnaire to 165 department of rehabilitation medicine in hospitals of Korea. Non-responders were sent a second copy of the questionnaire if they did not answer within 1 week. Data from the returned questionnaires were entered into a Microsoft Excel and subjected to descriptive and simple quantitative analysis. RESULTS: A total of 99 (60%) responses were received. Of these, 95% units collected some outcome assessment measure as part of routine clinical practice. Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) (80%) was the most popular global outcome measures. The Korean version of Berg Balance Scale (K-BBS) (53%) was used most frequently for balance assessment. Upper extremity function was checked with hand grip strength test (70%) and Box and block test (67%) most commonly. Korean version of Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) was the most popular cognitive function test (75%). PARADISE Korean version-Western Aphasia Battery (PARADISE K-WAB) was the most popular language test (67%). Sixty-three (67%) units used outcome results for discussion and goal setting. Seventy-eight (78%) units responded that they would use a standardized outcome measures if there is an agreed standardized outcome measures lists (80%) and support of money and time (43%). CONCLUSION: The survey demonstrated that quite widespread use of outcome assessments in routine clinical rehabilitation within Korea. There is also an agreement for need of common 'basket' of recommended instruments for rehabilitation.
Aphasia ; Coat Protein Complex I ; Electronic Mail ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Korea ; Language Tests ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Treatment Outcome ; Upper Extremity ; Surveys and Questionnaires

INTRODUCTIONHealth-related quality of life is an important aspect of health outcome. The assessment of it must be done by validated instruments. There is no published data on the validity, reliability and sensitiveness to change of the official Chinese translation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (version 4; FACT-G).

MATERIALS AND METHODSA Chinese questionnaire package comprising the FACT-G and Functional Living Index-Cancer (FLIC, which was translated, modified and validated in Singapore) was filled in by 165 ethnic Chinese patients recruited from the National Cancer Centre, Singapore. Four weeks later, the patients were assessed again by a postal questionnaire survey.

RESULTSThe FACT-G and FLIC total scores were strongly correlated (r = 0.85). The Physical, Social/Family, Emotional and Functional Well-being scales of the FACT-G converged to and diverged from FLIC components as conceptually expected. The FACT-G and its 4 scales also demonstrated known-groups validity in differentiating patients with different performance status (each P <0.001). Their internal consistency ranged from 0.81 to 0.93 and test-retest reliability ranged from 0.74 to 0.85. The FACT-G and its Physical, Emotional and Functional Well-being scales showed trends of change in relation to change in performance status. The Social/Family Well-being scale was sensitive to decline but not improvement in performance status.

CONCLUSIONSThe Chinese version of the FACT-G can be used to assess overall level and some specific aspects of health-related quality of life. However, researchers should be cautious in using this instrument to specifically investigate the social aspect of quality of life.

China ; ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Quality of Life ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Singapore ; Surveys and Questionnaires

INTRODUCTIONThe Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life questionnaire (MusiQoL) is a self-administered, multi-dimensional, patient-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument. With increasing prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Asian countries, a valid tool to assess HRQoL in those patients is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient acceptability, content validity and psychometric properties of an Asian version of the English MusiQoL in Singapore, Malaysia and India.

MATERIALS AND METHODSEnglish speaking patients older than 18 years of age with a defi nite diagnosis of MS were included. The self-administered survey material included the adapted HRQoL questionnaire, a validated generic HRQoL questionnaire: the short-form 36 (SF-36), as well as a checklist of 14 symptoms. We assessed the internal and external validity of the adapted MusiQoL.

RESULTSA total of 81 patients with MS were included in the study. The questionnaire was generally well accepted. In the samples from Malaysia and Singapore, all scales exhibited good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.70). Correlation to SF-36 was generally good, demonstrating high construct validity (P <0.001) in some aspects of the MusiQoL.

CONCLUSIONThe Asian adaptation of the English version of the MusiQoL in evaluating HRQoL seems to be a valid, reliable tool with adequate patient acceptability and internal consistency.

Activities of Daily Living ; Asia ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; India ; Language ; Malaysia ; Male ; Multiple Sclerosis ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Psychometrics ; standards ; Quality of Life ; psychology ; Singapore ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Surveys and Questionnaires

INTRODUCTIONThe aims of this study were two-fold; to investigate the validity and reliability of the Thai version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) and to compare the characteristics of the interpersonal problems experienced in a non-clinical sample and psychiatric outpatients.

METHODSA total of 689 subjects (452 non-clinical sample and 237 psychiatric outpatients) completed the IIP-32 and IIP-64, Symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) and 16 Personality Factor (16 PF) Questionnaire, after which a four-week retest was carried out. Cronbach's alpha was used for internal consistency and the intra-class correlation coefficient was used to determine test-retest reliability. Factor analysis of the IIP sub-scales and Pearson's correlation were used for construct and concurrent validity.

RESULTSBoth versions of the IIP showed good internal consistency. Factor analysis revealed two factors that corresponded to the circumplex property. The expected correlation between the SCL-90 and 16 PF subscales reflected the level of concurrent validity. There was a significant difference in the cold, socially-inhibited and self-sacrificing subscales between the non-clinical and clinical samples, while major depressive disorder was found to have a significantly higher score in the subscales of the control dimension, i.e. the non-assertive, socially inhibited and self-sacrificing subscales, than the neurotic and non-clinical groups, whereas, the neurotic group differed from the normative sample in terms of the affiliation axis.

CONCLUSIONThe IIP-64 and IIP-32 demonstrated their reliability and are suitable for use in either clinical or non-clinical setting.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Language ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; complications ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Outpatients ; Personality Assessment ; statistics & numerical data ; Personality Disorders ; classification ; diagnosis ; Psychometrics ; methods ; standards ; Reference Values ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thailand

OBJECTIVETo establish the Chinese version of the modified children's fear survey schedule-dental subscale (CFSS-DS).

METHODSThe original English version of CFSS-DS with facial image scale (FIS) was translated into Chinese, pre-tested and cross-culturally adapted. Subsequently the Chinese version schedule was randomly investigated among 367 children aged 5 - 12 years and their parents. Reliability and validity of the translated scale was evaluated later.

RESULTSTotally 367 children were investigated and 311 valid questionnaire was received. Cronbach's alpha of the translated scale was 0.85 and test-rest reliability was 0.73. The 15 items were divided into four domains. There was a certain logical relationship between the items among the same domains. There was highly significant association between the self-report of the Modified CFSS-DS and Frankl Behavioral Scale (r(s) = -0.403, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe Chinese version of modified CFSS-DS has been established successfully with good psychometric properties which provide the theoretical evidence for further application in Chinese population.

Child ; Child Behavior ; psychology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Dental Anxiety ; psychology ; Dental Care for Children ; psychology ; Facial Expression ; Fear ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Manifest Anxiety Scale ; Pediatric Dentistry ; Self-Assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Translating