Chinese medicinal resources are the material basis for the survival and development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and the sustainable development of Chinese medicinal resources is also an important project for the modernization of TCM in China. With the increasing demand for Chinese medicinal resources in China, over-exploitation has destroyed Chinese medicinal resources, resulting in a shortage of many natural medicinal resources in China and making the sustainable development of TCM in trouble. The introduced new foreign medicinal resources have become effective supplement and replacement for Chinese medicinal resources to some extent. However, the development and utilization of new foreign medicinal resources in China are different. To fully understand the development of new foreign medicinal resources in China, this paper, taking 43 new foreign medicinal resources such as Acacia nilotica as objects, sorted out the introduction forms and policies of new foreign medicinal resources, overviewed its current development status in China, summarized the application experience of new foreign medicinal resources in the place of origin, as well as the research progress and problems of new foreign medicinal resources in China and abroad, and analyzed the research situation, which can enrich Chinese medicinal resources and other uses, promote the sustainable development of Chinese medicinal resources, and provide ideas for further development and research of new foreign medicinal resources.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Sustainable Development ; Internationality ; China

A boy, aged 3 hours, was admitted due to a prenatal diagnosis of fetal hydrops at 3 hours after resuscitation for birth asphyxia. Prenatal examination at 5 months of gestation showed massive ascites in the fetus, and after birth, the boy had the manifestations of systemic hydroderma, massive ascites, coarse face, and hepatomegaly. Genetic testing revealed heterozygous mutations in the SLC17A5 gene, and there was a significant increase in urinary free sialic acid. Placental pathology showed extensive vacuolization in villous stromal cells, Hofbauer cells, cytotrophoblast cells, and syncytiotrophoblast cells in human placental chorionic villi. The boy was finally diagnosed with free sialic acid storage disorders (FSASDs). This is the first case of FSASDs with the initial symptom of fetal hydrops reported in China. The possibility of FSASDs should be considered for cases with non-immune hydrops fetalis, and examinations such as placental pathology and urinary free sialic acid may help with early diagnosis and clinical decision making.
Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Hydrops Fetalis/genetics* ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid ; Placenta/pathology* ; Ascites

ObjectiveTo study the in vitro kinetics of Jiaojiang cataplasms and evaluate its pharmacodynamics， so as to provide a feasible basis for the development of this preparation. MethodThe improved Franz diffusion cell was used for the in vitro release in semipermeable membrane and transdermal absorption in in vitro mouse skins. The contents of hydroxy-α-sanshool， 6-gingerol， ginsenoside Rb₁ were determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， to evaluate the in vitro release and transdermal absorption of Jiaojiang cataplasms. The mobile phase of 6-gingerol and hydroxy-α-sanshool was water-acetonitrile-methanol （2∶1∶1） with the detection wavelength of 280 nm. The mobile phase of ginsenoside Rb₁ was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （31∶69） with the detection wavelength of 203 nm. A mouse intestinal paralysis model was established， and mice were randomly divided into five groups， namely sham operation group， model group， domperidone group （3.9 mg·kg^-1） and high- and low-dose groups of Jiaojiang cataplasms （6.2， 3.1 g·kg^-1， measured by crude drug dosage）， to observe the effect of this preparation on gastrointestinal propulsion function. ResultAverage release rates of hydroxy-α-sanshool， 6-gingerol and ginsenoside Rb₁ at 24 h were 16.41， 4.23， 4.15 μg∙cm^-2∙h^-1， the average transdermal rates of them at 24 h were 2.31， 0.64， 0.29 μg∙cm^-2∙h^-1， their skin retention values were 19.56， 3.59， 1.61 μg， respectively. According to the Ritger-Peppas equation， the release of hydroxy-α-sanshool， 6-gingerol， ginsenoside Rb₁ was non-Fick diffusion. The high-dose group of Jiaojiang cataplasms could improve intestinal function of model mice after small intestinal friction injury， and promote intestinal peristalsis and small intestinal propulsion rate （P<0.05）. ConclusionJiaojiang cataplasms has in vitro release and transdermal properties， the in vitro release conforms to Higuchi equation， and transdermal absorption behavior conforms to zero-order kinetic equation， which can improve the postoperative function of the small intestine and the propulsion function of small intestine. It preliminarily indicates that the preparation has certain clinical development value.

Objectives: To summarize the clinical phenotypes and the variation spectrum of ATP7B gene in Chinese children with Wilson's disease (WD) and to investigate their significance for early diagnosis. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 316 children diagnosed as WD in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center during the period from January 2010 to June 2021. The general situations, clinical manifestations, lab test results, imaging examinations, and ATP7B gene variant characteristics were collected. The patients were divided into asymptomatic WD group and symptomatic WD group based on the presence or absence of clinical symptoms at the time that WD diagnosis was made. The χ² test, t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the differences between groups. Results: Among the 316 children with WD, 199 were males and 117 were females, with the age of 5.4 (4.0, 7.6) years at diagnosis; 261 cases (82.6%) were asymptomatic with the age of 4.9 (3.9, 6.4) years; whereas 55 cases (17.4%) were symptomatic with the age of 9.6 (7.3, 12.0) years. The main symptoms invloved liver, kidney, nervous system, or skin damage. Of all the patients, 95.9% (303/316) had abnormal liver function at diagnosis; 98.1% (310/316) had the serum ceruloplasmin lever lower than 200 mg/L; 97.7% (302/309) had 24-hour urine copper content exceeding 40 μg; only 7.4% (23/310) had positive corneal K-F rings, 8.2% (23/281) had abnormal MRI signals in the lenticular nucleus, and all of them had symptoms of damage in liver, kidney or nervous system. Compared with the group of symptomatic WD, asymptomatic group had higher levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and lower levels ceruloplasmin and 24-hour urine copper [(208±137) vs. (72±78) U/L, (55±47) vs. (69±48) mg/L, 103 (72, 153) vs. 492 (230, 1 432) μg; t=9.98, -1.98, Z=-4.89, all P<0.001]. Among the 314 patients completing genetic sequencing, a total of 107 mutations in ATP7B gene were detected, of which 10 are novel variants, and 3 cases (1.0%) had large heterozygous deletion (exons 10 to exon 11) in ATP7B gene. The percentage of missense mutation in asymptomatic WD children was significantly higher than that in symptomatic WD (81.5% (422/518) vs. 69.1% (76/110), χ²=8.47, P<0.05). WD patients carrying homozygous variant of c.2 333G>T had significantly low levels of ceruloplasmin than those not carrying this variant ((23±5) vs. (61±48) mg/L, t=-2.34, P<0.001). Conclusions: The elevation of serum ALT is an important clue for early diagnosis of WD in children, while serum ceruloplasmin and 24-hour urine copper content are specific markers for early diagnosis of WD. In order to confirm the diagnosis of WD, it is necessary to combine the Sanger sequencing with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification or other testing technologies.
Ceruloplasmin/metabolism* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Copper/metabolism* ; Copper-Transporting ATPases/genetics* ; Female ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration/genetics* ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Retrospective Studies

Identification of genetic variants via high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies has been essential for both fundamental and clinical studies. However, to what extent the genome sequence composition affects variant calling remains unclear. In this study, we identified 63,897 multi-copy sequences (MCSs) with a minimum length of 300 bp, each of which occurs at least twice in the human genome. The 151,749 genomic loci (multi-copy regions, or MCRs) harboring these MCSs account for 1.98％of the genome and are distributed unevenly across chromosomes. MCRs containing the same MCS tend to be located on the same chromosome. Gene Ontology (GO) anal-yses revealed that 3800 genes whose UTRs or exons overlap with MCRs are enriched for Golgi-related cellular component terms and various enzymatic activities in the GO biological function cat-egory. MCRs are also enriched for loci that are sensitive to neocarzinostatin-induced double-strand breaks. Moreover, genetic variants discovered by genome-wide association studies and recorded indbSNP are significantly underrepresented in MCRs. Using simulated HTS datasets, we show that false variant discovery rates are significantly higher in MCRs than in other genomic regions. These results suggest that extra caution must be taken when identifying genetic variants in the MCRs via HTS technologies.

Psychiatric diseases represented by depression have gradually become one of the major health problems of people in the fast-paced, high-pressure society. Severe cases can cause suicides, huge harm or disaster to families and the society. Although modern medicine has made great progress in the field of anti-depressant drug therapy, depression still cannot be cured. At the same time, traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) with a definite curative effect, few adverse reactions, and mild efficacy have received increasing attention. TCM valerianae Jatanmansi Rhizoma et Radix has been widely used to alleviate sleep disorder, and its root extract is popularly known as valerian and used as a mild sedative for a long time in European. Tagara takes Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix as the key ingredient for treatment of depression-type insomnia, and is available abroad. It is reported that iridoid, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids or extract from Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix has a superior anti-depression activity in both animal and clinical trials, and the mechanism is mainly related to the regulation of neurotransmitters in the brain, the improvement of the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the resistance of free radicals and inflammation, and the neuroprotective effect. However, there is still lack of report on the anti-depression system and in-depth research of Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to systematically collect and summarize the anti-depressant activity and explain the relevant mechanisms, so as to provide reference for the further development of Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix medicinal resources.

OBJECTIVETo explore the morphometric abnormalities of brain gray matter (GM) in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP).

METHODSThirty patients with CLBP and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled and examined with a 3.0 T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. High-resolution T1 structural MR data were acquired and data analysis was performed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in FMRIB Software Library. The morphological differences were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSs Compared with the healthy control subjects, patients with CLBP showed decreased GM volumes in several brain cortical areas including the bilateral superior frontal gyrus, right frontal pole, left insular cortex, left middle and left inferior temporal gyrus (P<0.05, after TFCE correction). Increased GM volumes were found in the patients in the subcortical structures including the left thalamus, bilateral putamen, bilateral nucleus accumben and right caudate nucleus (P<0.05, after TFCE correction).

CONCLUSIONPatients with CLBP have different patterns of GM abnormalities in different brain regions, characterized by reduced GM volume in cerebral cortical regions and increased GM volume in the subcortical nuclei. Such changes might be associated with the maladaptation of the brain in chronic pain state.

Cerebral Cortex ; Frontal Lobe ; Gray Matter ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; physiopathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Temporal Lobe ; Thalamus

The chemical constituents of Herpetospermum caudigerum were investigated using chromatographic methods, including silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. Four compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated by spectral data and physicochemical properties, which were identified as 2,11-dimethoxy-3,9-dihydroxy-7H-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-5-one (1), 7,8'-didehydroherpetotriol (2), herpetotriol (3) and kaempferitrin (4). Among those, compound 1 is one new 7H-dibenzo[c,e] oxepin-5-one, named as herpetolide C.

OBJECTIVETo study the molecular genetic mechanism and genetic diagnosis of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PHD), and to provide a basis for genetic counseling and prenatal genetic diagnosis of PHD.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the 11 exons and exon junction of the PDHA1 gene from a child who was diagnosed with PHD based on clinical characteristics and laboratory examination results. The PCR products were sequenced to determine the mutation. An analysis of amino acid conservation and prediction of protein secondary and tertiary structure were performed using bioinformatic approaches to identify the pathogenicity of the novel mutation.

RESULTSOne novel duplication mutation, c.1111_1158dup48bp, was found in the exon 11 of the PDHA1 gene of the patient. No c.1111_1158dup48bp mutation was detected in the sequencing results from 50 normal controls. The results of protein secondary and tertiary structure prediction showed that the novel mutation c.1111 _1158dup48bp led to the duplication of 16 amino acids residues, serine371 to phenylalanine386, which induced a substantial change in protein secondary and tertiary structure. The conformational change was not detected in the normal controls.

CONCLUSIONSThe novel duplication mutation c.1111_1158dup48bp in the PDHA1 gene is not due to gene polymorphisms but a possible novel pathogenic mutation for PHD.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide) ; chemistry ; genetics ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Disease ; genetics

Objective To explore the difference in clinicopathological characteristics between invasive mi -cropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) and invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST), and analyze its association with axillary lymph node metastasis .Methods The clinicopathological data of 92 IMPC cases treated within the period from August 2010 to August 2013 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively analyzed . From patients in the same period , 368 NST cases were randomly selected as control group .The difference in clin-icopathological characteristics between IMPC and NST were compared , and the factors associated with axillary lymph node metastasis were analyzed .Results There were significant differences in tumor size [ ( 2.9 ± 1.9) cm vs.(2.1 ±1.4) cm, P=0.001], lymph-vascular invasion rate (85.9% vs.6.0%, P<0.001), axillary lymph node metastatic rate (71.7%vs.47.3%, P<0.001), number of involved lymph node (8.2 ± 9.9 vs.2.9 ±5.7 , P<0.001 ) , progestogen receptor expression ( P=0.047 ) , human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) expression (P=0.009), Ki-67 index (P<0.001), TNM staging (P<0.001), and mo-lecular subtype ( P<0.001 ) between IMPC and NST .The axillary lymph node metastatic rates of tumor contai-ning ≤24%, 25%-49%, 50%-75% and ≥76% IMPC component were 73.9%, 56.3%, 72.2% and 77.1%, respectively .The axillary lymph node metastatic rate was not correlated with the percentage of IMPC component ( P=0.347 ) , but correlated with T-staging ( P=0.001 ) , HER-2 expression ( P=0.029 ) , molecu-lar subtype ( P=0.003 ) , P53 expression ( P=0.003 ) , and Ki-67 index ( P=0.045 ) .The axillary lymph node metastasis of NST was found correlated with T-staging ( P<0.001 ) , histological grade ( P =0.001 ) , lymph-vascular invasion ( P<0.001 ) , estrogen receptor αexpression ( P=0.007 ) , progestogen receptor expres-sion ( P=0.031 ) , HER-2 expression ( P=0.008 ) , and molecular subtype ( P<0.001 ) .Conclusions IMPC is a distinct variant of invasive breast carcinoma with a high propensity for lymph -vascular invasion and axillary lymph node involvement .IMPC and NST have different clinicopathological characteristics .The percentage of IMPC component does not correlate with axillary lymph node metastasis .Compared with NST , there are less clini-copathological determinants for axillary lymph node metastasis in IMPC .