Objective:To investigate the effects of propofol on cell viability and apoptosis in primary cultured cortical neurons of newborn rats.Methods:Primary culture was prepared from newborn rat,and cultured for 6 days.Immunocytochemical and electronic Micoscopic methods were used to identify the cultured neurons.Cells were treated by propofol with different concentrations and at different times.The effects of propofol on neurons were evaluated by cell viability(MTT assay)and markers of apoptosis(TUNEL cell staining and Western-blot of Cleaved-caspase3).Results:There were no significant differences in cell viability among the six groups after 12 h, whereas high concentration of propofol caused an increase in neuronal cell viability after 24 h and 48 h.Propofol incubation for 24 h triggered apoptosis on the neurons(P

Oxycodone sustained-release tablet is a new formulation of potent opioids, which are characterized by their exact anal-gesic effect, high safety for oral administration, and slight adverse drug reaction. Oxycodone improves the quality of life of patients with cancer pains and is among the selected drugs used for controlling moderate and severe cancer pains. Relief from prolonged pain is achieved by adjusting the dose of Oxycontin (oxycodone hydrochloride) sustained-release tablet according to its pharmacological char-acteristics. The details are reviewed in this article.

The role of central catecholamine (CA) and angiotensin Ⅱ (AⅡ) in one-kidney Grollman hypertensive rats was investigated. Arterial blood pressure was measured by indirect tail-plethysmography, and the contents of norepinephrine(NE), epinephrine(E) and AⅡ in hypothalamus and medulla oblongata were determined by means of fluorimetry and immunoradioassay respectively. The results showed that during the maintenance period of one-kidney Grollman hypertension the brain contents of NE E and AⅡ were significantly higher than that of the age-matched sham-wrapped rats. Separate intracerebroventricular injections of 6-OHDA and captopril not only induced significant decline of arterial blood pressure but also induced reduction of NE, E and AⅡ in the brain areas. Besides, the arterial baroreflex sensitivity in one-kidney Grollman hypertensive rats was markedly decreased. It suggests that the increase of NE, E and AⅡ and the decrease of the arterial baroreflex sensitivity may play an important role in one-kidney Geallmon hyportension.

Objective To investigate the influence of insulin pump on type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 51 patients were randomized into two groups: 31 cases controlled with insulin pump,20 treated with oral antidiabetic drugs.Serum level of C-peptide concentration was observed.Results There was a markedly increase in C-peptide level in both insulin treating group(P

Aim To investigate the inhibition mechanisms of baclofen, a specific GABA B receptor agonist, on quantal glutamate release in the rat spinal dorsal horn neurons.Methods Whole-cell voltage-clamp technique was performed on dorsal horn neurons in rat spinal cord slice to record glutamatergic spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). Baclofen action on quantal glutamate release was assessed by analyzing the change of mEPESC to baclofen perfusion.Results Baclofen(10 ?mol?L -1,50 s) depressed the frequency, but not amplitude distribution of glutamatergic mEPSCs, indicating baclofen presynaptic depression on glutamate release. The depression on frequency of mEPSCs persisted in Ca 2+-free solution, or in the presence of K + conductance blocker, 4-AP. On the other hand, the depression was occluded by forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, but not protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu). N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a sulphydryl alkylating agent, which destroys G protein, abolished baclofen depression.Conclusion Not presynaptic K +, Ca 2+ conductance or PKC, but G protein and/or cAMP pathway are involved in the baclofen depression on glutamate release in rat spinal dorsal horn;this depression might contribute to the analgesic action of baclofen at spinal level.

Objective To investigate the influence of insulin pump on type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 51 patients were randomized into two groups: 31 cases controlled with insulin pump,20 treated with oral antidiabetic drugs.Serum level of C-peptide concentration was observed.Results There was a markedly increase in C-peptide level in both insulin treating group(P<0.001) and oral drug group(P<0.01).Half an year later,the insulin group was improved in β-cell function better than oral drug group.Conclusions Several days controlling of severe hyperglycemia with insulin pump could not eliminate the β-cell inhibition of glucose toxicity.Newly diagnosed severe type 2 diabetes(FPG≥14 mmol/L) could be treated with insulin for several months.

Enterovirus 71(EV71),a member of human enterovirus family,was first isolated from faeces of a central nervous system infected infant in 1969.In recent 30 years,EV71 outbreaks every 2-3 years in the Asia-Pacific regions,and is the main pathogen causing severe hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD).Severe HFMD caused by EV71 involves in central nervous system and respiratory system disorder.In general,EV71 associated complication is related to the viral invasion of central nervous system,leads to pulmonary edema or pulmonary hemorrhage.It is of great significance to study the clinical features and pathogenesis of EV71 infection,and then take positive and effective measures to block the occurrence of its complications.

Objectives To investigate the effect of rhEPO on newborn rats with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Meth-ods Sixty newborn Sprague-Dewley (SD) rats at the age of 48 hours were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group, NEC group, and intervention groups 1, 2 and 3 treated with rhEPO. The rats were fed rat breast milk substitutes and stressed under hypoxia and cold exposure to establish NEC model. The rats with NEC were treated with different doses of rhEPO (0.1U/ml, 1U/ml and 10U/ml) in intervention groups. The expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were measured by immunohistochemistry, and intestinal pathological changes were observed using HE staining. The value of positive expression was analyzed by IOD (integral optical density) image analysis system. Results Abdominal distention, decreased activity and unresponsiveness occurred in NEC rats 24 hours after stress exposure, and pale skin, decreased skin temperature and respiratory rhythm change were observed in severe cases. The symptoms appeared later and milder in three intervention groups. The NEC incidence of newborn rats was as followings:control group(0%), model group(60%), intervention group 1( 30%), intervention group 2(18.2%), intervention group 3(9.1%) and the difference was signiifcant between each group (P=0.008). The grades of intestinal injury, the expression of active caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were signiifcantly different among groups (P<0.01). Intestinal injury was the most severe and the expression level of active caspase-3 was the highest in NEC group. After rhEPO treatment, the intestinal injury and the production of active caspase-3 protein were decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 was increased. Conclusions Oral rhEPO could decrease the ex-pression of intestinal active caspase 3, and increase the expression of Bcl-2. The protective effect of rhEPO on NEC is dosede-pendent.