Epidemiological and animal studies have demonstrated that dietary lower intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and(or) higher intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-6 PUFAs) leading to imbalance of their ratios are closely related to obesity.The mechanisms underlied are involved in PUFA′s effects on fatty acid synthesis and oxidation,adipocyte proliferation and differentiation and leptin expression.At transcription level,PUFAs can regulate the activities of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and CCAAT enhancer bin-ding proteins.

Objective To investigate the possible risk factors for lead poisoning in order to prevent the lead poisoning in children.Methods One thousand and fifty-five children aged 5 months to 16 years who were outpatients in Beijing children′s hospital were chosen. Blood lead was analyzed by 3010-B lead analyzer for each child.Also the risk factors were recorded by using a standardized questionnaire.Results The mean level of blood lead was(110.1?41.9) ?g/L with the occurrence of lead poisoning (blood lead ≥100 ?g/L) at 43.51%.No difference were found in blood lead level among different age groups.Several environmental and social factors were found to be related to lead poisoning in children,such as non-balanced diet,rarely hand washing,frequent eating crisp foods,not frequency of calcium and zinc supplementation and frequency of room decoration.Conclusion Unhealthy dietary and life styles contribute to lead poisoning in children.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hemifacial Spasm ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Middle Aged

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the secretory function of islet cells in rabbits.MethodsTwenty adult New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes,weighing 2.5-3.0kg,were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =10 each):sham operation group (group S) and CPB group.The rabbits were anesthetized with 3％ pentobarbital sodium 30 mg/kg.Blood samples were collected from the left femoral artery at 5 min after anesthesia (T1),immediately before CPB (T2 ),immediately after aortic clamping (T3 ),and at 5,35 and 75 min after aortic unclamping (T4-6) in the two groups for determination of levels of blood glucose,insulin and glucagons.Insulin resistance index was calculated.ResultsCompared with group S,the blood glucose concentration and levels of insulin and glucagons and insulin resistance index at T3-6 were significantly increased in group CPB ( P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionAlthough increase in blood glucose enhances the secretion of insulin in islet β cells,hyperglycemia cannot be compensated completely by the increased insulin during CPB in rabbits.The increase in blood glucose may be related to islet α cell resistance.

Objective To compare the effects of fresh amniotic membrane (FAM), glycerol-preserved amniotic membrane (GPAM), alcohol-preserved amniotic membrane (APAM) and amniotic membrane preserved under vacuum drying condition (VXAM) on rabbit corneal alkali burn and to observe the outcomes of the grafted amniotic membrane. Methods Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits were used to establish corneal alkali burn models and then divided into 4 groups according different preserved amniotic membrane they received (FAM, GPAM, VXAM and APAM), with 9 rabbits in each group. After transplantation, we observed the changes of amniotic membrane graft, corneal opacity, corneal neovascularization (CNV) with slit lamp microscopy. The amniotic membrane graft was examined by HE staining 10 d, 14 d and 1 month after transplantation. Results One month later, FAM graft, GPAM graft and VXAM graft showed better curative effect than APAM graft. Ten days after transplantation, the amniotic membrane graft began to dissolve and desquamate, and disappeared completely till 14 d after transplantation. Amniotic membrane tissues were not found under light microscope in any rabbit. FAM graft dissolved most quickly, and APAM graft was the most slowly. The dissolution of GPAM graft and VXAM graft had no significant difference. Conclusion After amniotic membrane transplantation, it dissolves and sheds instead of fusing with recipient tissues. Corneal epithelium grows under amniotic membrane graft. Amniotic membrane graft transplantation should be called as amniotic membrane patching.

AIM:Recently,amnion transplantation has been one of effective methods for curing corneal alkali burn,but its biomechanism is unclear.This study was to discuss the efficiency of different kinds of amnion on rabbit corneal alkali burn and to find the bioactive functions of the amnion.METHODS:The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory of Experimental Animals at Chongqing University of Medical Sciences between January and July in 2004.All the disposals were in accordance with the ethical standard of animals.①Placenta from healthy puerperants underwent uterine-incision delivery were offered by Department of Obstetrics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing University of Medical Sciences.A total of 45 New Zealand rabbits were used for corneal alkali burn models and divided into fresh amniotic membrane(FAM),glycerin preserved amniotic membrane(GPAM),vacuum xeransis amniotic membrane(VXAM),alcolhol preserved amniotic membrane(APAM) and control groups,every group had 9 rabbits.②The FAM was prepared within 24 hours,and the preserved amnion were transplanted after 1 month.③The corneal opacity and corneal neovascularization were observed everyday during days 2-21 after operation and once every three days after days 21;corneal fluorescein staining was conducted to observe the repair of corneal epithelium on days 14,30,60 after operation;2 weeks,1 month and 2 months after operation,we did histopathological examination and scanning electron microscope observation.RESULTS:Forty-three rabbits were involved in the result analysis.①There were no significant differences in the corneal opacity and repair velocity of corneal epithelium among FAM,GPAM and VXAM,which were remarkably superior to APAM and controls.APAM group and control group had not distinct difference.②FAM had better effects on inhibiting corneal neovascularization than GPAM and VXAM.CONCLUSION:After transplantation,VXAM,GPAM and FAM can all accelerate corneal epithelial healing and lighten inflammation.FAM containing more bioactive materials,plays best.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of propofol on calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ α ( CaMK Ⅱ α) activity in hippocampus in mentally depressed rats after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).MethodsHealthy adult male SD rats aged 2-3 months weighing 180-220 g were used in this study.Mentally depressed model was induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress.Forty mentally depressed rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each): mental depression group (group D),propofol group (group P),ECT group (group E),propofol + ECT group (group DPE).Groups D and P received intraperitoneal normal saline 8 ml/kg or propofol 80 mg/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days respectively.Group E received ECT once a day for 7 consecutive days.Group DPE received propofol 80 mg/kg + ECT once a day for 7 consecutive days.Sucrose preference test was performed at 1 d before and 1 d after treatment,and Morris water maze test was performed at 1 d before and 3 d after treatment.The rats were sacrificed after Morris water maze test,and hippocampi were removed for determination of CaMK Ⅱ α and phosphorylated CaMK Ⅱ α(pCaMK Ⅱ α )expression,and pCaMK Ⅱ α/CaMK Ⅱ α ratio was caculated.ResultsCompared with group D,the sucrose preference percentage was significantly increased in groups E and DPE,the escape latency prolonged and space exploration time shortened,and the expression of CaMK Ⅱ α and pCaMK Ⅱ α down-regulated,pCaMK Ⅱ α/CaMK Ⅱ α ratio decreased in group E,the escape latency was significantly shortened and space exploration time prolonged,and the expression of pCaMK Ⅱ α up-regulated in group DPE ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group E,the escape latency was significantly shortened,space exploration time prolonged,and the expression of CaMK Ⅱ α and pCaMK Ⅱ α up-regulated,and pCaMK Ⅱ α/CaMK Ⅱ α ratio increased in group DPE ( P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionPropofol can reduce the cognition impairment induced by ECT in mentally depressed rats through enhancing CaMK Ⅱ α activity in hippocampus.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between cerebral blood volume and permeability surface by using muhislice CT perfusion imaging with glioma grade.Methods Ninteen patients with gliomas underwent conventional MR and multislice CT perfusion imaging preoperatively.These patients were divided into low grade and high grade groups which were correspond to WHO Ⅱ grade gliomas and WHO Ⅲ or Ⅳ grade gliomas respectively.CT data were transferred to on-line working station and processed to obtain time-signal curves,color perfusion maps and calculated perfusion parameters,including cerebral blood volume(CBV),cerebral blood flow(CBF),mean transit time(MTT)and permeability surfaces (PS)in tumoral parenchyma.Kruskal-Wallis test and correlation of CBV and PS was assessed by using SPSS 11.0 software.Results The median of CBV and PS in low-grade and high-grade glioma were 2.7, 6.5 ml/100 g;0.389,12.810 ml?100 g~(-1)?min~(-1),respectively,corresponding t value were 12.907, 13.500 with P

Dyslipidemia has emerged as a major health problem in children and adolescent.Except for primary familial dyslipidemia,secondary dyslipidemia caused by obesity,metabolic syndrome and unhealthy life-style is increasingly prevalent in recent years.Life-style modification,such as dietary intervention and increasing physical activity,should be considered firstly for treating dyslipidemia in children and adolescent.Application of pharmacologic agents should follow strict indications including ages and types of dyslipidemia.

Objective To explore the prognostic value of biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), this study was to investigate the associations between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score and in-hospital mortality. MethodsSeven hundred and seven consecutive AMI patients were divided into diabetic group (DM-AMI group), impaired glucose tolerance group (IGT-AMI group), and normal glycemic group (NGT-AMI group). The laboratory and clinical characteristics were assessed retrospectively from the medical records. The NLR and GRACE score were calculated. Results In AMI patients, the DM-AMI group had significantly higher NLR and GRACE scores compared with those from the IGT-AMI group and NGT-AMI group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In DM-AMI group, the NLR and GRACE score were considerably elevated in the elderly DM-AMI group compared with their younger counterparts (both P<0.01). Furthermore, the NLR was considerably higher in the high-risk group than those in both the low- and medium-risk groups based on the GRACE score (both P<0.01). The NLR was positively correlated with the GRACE score in DM-AMI group(r=0.425, P<0.01). The NLR level and GRACE score were higher in the death group than those in surviving patients (both P<0.01). The optimal cut-off levels of 9.36 for NLR and 166 for GRACE score seem to predicte death in-hospital. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, when to predict death in-hospital, the best cutoff value of NLR was 9.36 (sensitivity 80.8%, specificity 69.6%; area under curve 0.787), and the best cutoff value of GRACE score was 166 (sensitivity 76.9%, specificity 76.4%; area under curve 0.778). Conclusion An elevated NLR is a potential predictor of in-hospital mortality in type 2 diabetic patients with AMI, which could help clinicians indentify high-risk patients and determine appropriate treatment strategies. <英文关鍵词>>=Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; In-hospital mortality; Acute myocardial infarction; Diabetes mellitus, type 2