SO2 is one of the main pollutants in the air. Tradational disposal methods are limited in the industrial application owing to their high cost. Some foreign scholars began to research in microbial treatment of SO2 both in laboratory test and in full-scale test in recent years and good results were achieved. This method can significantly lowering costs and acquire sulfur product and microbial biomass protein of high quality. The microbial method which is simple, effect and of low costs can satisfy needs of industry and give attention to environmental, economical and social benefits, therefore, it will have amplitude and well application prospects.

Objective To analyze the utility of MRI with multiple contrast and dynamic contrast weightings enhancement(DCE) in evaluation of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Methods Forty male New Zealand white rabbits were fed with hypercholesterolemic diet,and right iliac arteries including the common and external iliac arteries were examined by multiple contrast and DCE MRI at intervals 6 to 20 weeks after balloon denudation.For multiple contrast weightings scanning,T1-,T1-/T2WI with fat suppression,proton density weighted and double invention recovery were used.Meanwhile,post DCE T1-with fat suppression images were obtained in 1,5,15 and 25 min after a bolus injection of Gd-DTPA contrast agent.Then a comparative analysis of plaque morphology and components to images was performed. Results There were 34(42.5%) vulnerable plaques and 46(57.5%) stable plaques amomg the 80 atherosclerotic lesions located at the right common or external iliac arteries.The accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of MRI with multiple contrast weightings and DCE for the detection of vulnerable plaques were 87.5%,94.1% and 82.6%,respectively,significantly higher than those only with multiple contrast weightings,which were 73.8%,82.3% and 67.4%,respectively(P

AIM: To evaluate the ability of spectral domain optic coherence tomography ( SD-OCT ) parameters to detect progressive structural damage in primary open angle glaucoma ( POAG) by contrasting with visual field. ·METHODS: Retrospectively we evaluated 48 subjects (48 eyes ) of POAG, followed up 14 to 62mo. The parameters of SD-OCT and visual field were obtained. The correlation between the change of visual field measurements and OCT measurements were analyzed. Visual field progression was defined as reproducible drop of at least 2dB of mean deviation (MD) from the baseline visit. ROC curve was made to evaluated the ability of OCT parameters in detect progression of POAG. ·RESULTS: The 25 eyes were classified in progression group and 23 eyes were in non-progression group. No significant correlation was seen between OCT parameters and visual field in non-progression group. In progression group, OCT parameters which were significantly correlated with MD reduce were rim volume ( r=-0. 5997, P=0. 0007), C/D vertical ratio (r=-0. 6309, P=0. 0003), RNFL(r= 0. 4201, P= 0. 0260), and GCC(r= 0. 7080,P<0. 01). ROC curves showed the GCC reflected the reduce of MD accurately (P=0. 013). ·CONCLUSION: Part parameters of SD-OCT can reflect the progression of POAG accurately and provided a new method to detect the damage of visual function of POAG.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of induction of experimental chronic pancreatitis rat model with L-arginine.Methods Animals were randomly divided into control group,arginine 12 h group,arginine 24 h group and arginine 7 d group with 10 rats in each group.L-arginine solution was intraperitoneally injected twice with an interval of 1 h.Serum amylase and glucose levels at corresponding time points were detected and histopathological scores of pancreas were evaluated.Collagen in pancreas was stained with Van Gieson method.Results Serum amylase levels were (1 634±890 ) U/L,( 3 872±2 676 ) U/L,( 3 307±2 197)U/L and (1 561±304) U/L in control group,arginine 12 h group,arglnine 24 h group and arginine 7 d group,respectively.The serum amylase level in arginine 7 d group was significantly lower than those in arginine 12 h group and arginine 24 h group (P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in serum glucose level among all the groups.Histopathological scores were 0.8±0.4,5.1±2.6,6.5±2.2 and 4.5±1.6,respectively.The histopathological score of arginine 7 d group was significantly lower than those in arginine 24 h group (P ＜ 0.05 ).Obvious collagen could be found in pancreatic parenchyma in arginine 7 d group,while little collagen was found in pancreatic tissue in control,arginine 12 h and arginine 24 h groups.Conclusions Injection of L-arglnine induced fibrosis in pancreatic parenchyma and proliferation of tubular complex 7 days later,and it could be used for chronic pancreatitis model induction.

Objective To investigate the effect of jejunal casein perfusion on pancreatic exocrine secretion in experimental acute necrotic pancreatitis (ANP) rats and analyze the neuromechanism that may be involved. Methods 30 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (control group, ANP group and ANP jejunal nutrition group). Experimental ANP was induced by intra pancreatic duct injection of sodium taurocholate (STC). Animals in ANP jejunal nutrition group were given jejunal casein perfusion 24h after model induction, while control group and ANP group received jejunal saline perfusion. Pancreatic juice was collected every 15 min for six times and the volume of pancreatic juice and protein in pancreatic juice were detected. After jejunal nutrition c-Fos expression in nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) was determined by immunohistochemistry method in three groups. Results There was no significant difference between the volume of pancreatic juice at different time points in ANP group and ANP jejunal nutrition group, however, these parameters were significantly lower than that of control group (P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference among the 3 groups in the protein level in the pancreatic juice during jejunal nutrition infusion, however, during the periods of 0 ～ 15 min, 15 ～30 min, 30 ～45 min and 75 ～90 min, the protein levels in the pancreatic juice in ANP and ANP jejunal nutrition group were lower than that of control group (P < 0.05). After jejunal perfusion, c-Fos expression was found in ANP jejunal nutrition group but not found in ANP and control groups. Conclusions Jejunal casein perfusion enhanced NTS c-Fos expression, but did not increase the volume of pancreatic juice and protein.

Objective To observe whether the intravenously transplanted homologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can migrate to the impaired pancreas tissue in the rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). Methods MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and adhered to the culture plate in vitro. Female rats were divided randomly into 3 groups:normal transplantation group, ANP transplantation group, ANP group with 10 rats in each group. ANP was induced by intraperitoneal injections with L-arginine. Both transplantation group received MSCs infusion through tail vein. 72 h later, the rats were sacrificed, the pancreas, heart, liver and kidney tissues were harvested, and the morphological changes were examined and scored, the characteristics of migration of MSCs to pancreas were detected with the expression of sry gene of Y chromosome by using chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Results Rapid proliferation occurred in isolated MSCs after culture for 3 ～ 5 days and colonies were formed. After 3 generations, CD29 + CD44 + CD45-cells accounted for over 95% of all the cells. There ware massive tissue necrosis, inflammatory cells infiltration in the pancreas of ANP group, the pathological score was 10.31 ±0. 85, which were significantly higher than that in ANP transplantation group (7.30 ±0.79, P ＜ 0.05). Sry gene could be detected in the pancreas, heart, liver and kidney tissues. In addition, scattered distributed sry positive cells were observed in the normally transplanted pancreatic tissue, lots of sry positive cells were observed in the ANP transplanted pancreatic tissue, and they were located in the most injured areas.Conclusions The inflammatory pancreatic tissue has the ability of recruiting MSCs in vivo, which can alleviate local inflammation.

Objective To analyze the factors affecting the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in node-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods 480 patients with stage N_1-N_2 NSCLC after radical surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Of them, 267 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and 121 received PORT. All patients were grouped based on the N stage, tumor size and lymph node positive ratio (the percentage of positive lymph nodes from the detected lymph nodes, LNPR). Group 1 included patients with tumor size ≤3 cm and LNPR ≤33%, group 2 was tumor size > 3 cm or LNPR > 33%, and group 3 was tumor size > 3 cm and LNPR > 33%. The endpoints were the local recurrence free survival (LRFS) and overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards regression model were used for the statistic analyses. Results PORT improved the overall survival only in patients with N_2 disease. Both tumor size and LNPR significantly influenced the efficacy of PORT. The 5-year LRFS for patients with vs. without PORT in the group 1, 2 and 3 were 55% vs. 60% (χ~2 = 0.03,P-0.869), 42% vs. 50% (χ~2 =0.31,P=0.547),and 62% vs. 52% (χ~2=4.25,P=0.036), respectively;and the corresponding OS were 22% vs. 50% (χ~2 = 1.65 ,P =0. 199), 26% vs. 22% (χ~2= 0. 13,P=0.786) and 42% vs. 16% (χ~2= 15.33,P=0.000), respectively. Conclusions Tumor size and LNPR significantly impact the efficacy of PORT . For patients with stage N_2 NSCLC , PORT could improve local recurrence free survival and overall survival when tumor size > 3 cm and LNPR >33%.

P 12 h and 24 h group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).Conclusions The percentage and reproductive activity of bone marrow MSCs have changed during the periods of ANP.

Background:As the empirical studies on human body are restricted extremely,the establishment and selection of suitable animal models are important for researches on ulcerative colitis( UC ). Aims:To compare the symptoms and colonic pathology of rat models with experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium( DSS ) and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid( TNBS),so as to provide a reference for selecting animal models in UC-related studies. Methods:Drinking 4% DSS freely for 7 days or intrarectal administration of single dose 100 mg/kg TNBS-50% ethanol were used to establish experimental colitis model in Sprague-Dawley rats. The disease activity index( DAI)was assessed dynamically during the course of experiment. The whole colon was removed in batches for measurements of colonic damage score and activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO)at different time points. Results:The DAI score reached the peak at the 7th day and the 2nd day in DSS group and TNBS group,respectively,and decreased gradually afterwards. Six and one deaths occurred during the experimental course in DSS and TNBS groups,respectively. In DSS group,the duration of inflammation was short,the colonic injury was moderate and recovered after drug withdrawal. At the 18th day,the colonic damage score and MPO activity was 0. 25 ± 0. 50 and(0. 80 ± 0. 33)U/g,respectively,and no significant differences were seen between DSS group and normal control group. In TNBS group,the duration of inflammation was longer and the colonic injury was more severe. At the 21st day,the colonic damage score and MPO activity was 3. 60 ± 0. 55 and( 1. 60 ± 0. 39 ) U/g, respectively,and chronic inflammation was observed histologically. Conclusions:Both DSS and TNBS can induce experimental colitis model in rats. The course of TNBS-induced colitis model presents a transformation of acute to chronic inflammation,and may be more suitable for treatment-related studies of UC.

Objective:To investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)signal pathway in the pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric ulcer.Methods:Animal model of stress-induced gastric ulcer was established in rats with water-immersion restraint(WIR)stress.The mucosal activation of ERK1/2 was observed before and 5,15 and 30 min,and 1, 2 and 3.5 h after WIR stress.Some animals were also treated with an intravenous injection of PD98059(1 mg/kg),a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor,1 h prior to WIR stress.Expression of total ERK1/2 and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot analysis; ERK1/2 activity was measured by kinase activity assay using myelin basic protein as a specific substrate.DNA-binding activities of the transcription factors activator protein-1(AP-1)and nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B)were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA).Mucosal TNF-?and IL-1?mRNA expression was analyzed by Northern blot analysis.The degrees of the gastric mucosal lesions were expressed as ulcer index(UI)and pathological evaluation.Apoptosis in the gastric mucosa was examined by an in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)method.Results:Activated ERK1/2 was very weakly expressed in the gastric mucosa of normal rats.ERK1/2 was rapidly activated in the gastric mucosa of rats 15 min after WIR stress and the activity reached the maximal after 3.5 h.Pretreatment with PD98059 significantly inhibited ERK1/2 activation,decreased AP-1 and NF-?B activities and TNF-?and IL-1?mRNA expression,and obviously relieved gastric mucosal lesions,accompanied by caspase-3 activation and increased apoptosis.Conclusion:The present results indicate that ERK1/2 activation plays an important role in the development of stress-induced gastric ulcer.