Idiopathic optic neuritis (ION) is a common disorder in neuro-ophthalmology. It harms vision function seriously. However, there are a lots of controversy and confusion about its etiology, etiopathogenesis and outcome of treatments. Recently, potassium channel, such as stichodactyla helianthus peptide (ShK) and TRAM-34, was found to be involved in the immunopathogenesis of ION, and regulation of potassium channel provide a novel immunomodulatory therapy for ION. This paper reviewed the research advance of potassium channel in ION. It is expected to further clarify the pathogenesis and search for effective treatment.

Diabetic foot is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes. Early detection and prompt treatment is of great significance to the prevention of diabetic foot. Imaging is the most convenient and effective method for making an early diagnosis of diabetic foot, and imaging examination can directly and accurately reveal the peripheral vascular disorders, peripheral neuropathy, soft tissue complications, muscle and tendon lesions, bone complications, etc. thus the lesion’s extent can be exactly evaluated, which provides reliable basis for the selection and evaluation of the clinical therapeutic scheme. This paper aims to make a general review about the recent imaging research progress in diabetic foot.

Objective To study the relationship between ankle-brachial index and all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in female Chinese patients with atherosclerotic risk factors.Methods A total of 1744 female patients with no less than two atherosclerotic risk factors were enrolled from several hospitals in Shanghai and Beijing.Baseline exams were measured.All the participants were followed up 13 months.Results The patients with PAD were significantly older than those without PAD[(72.42?9.158)years vs(65.89?10.366)years,P

Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Femur Neck ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Osteochondroma ; pathology ; surgery

FLIP is a protein containing death domain.Human beings have three subtypes of c-FLIPL,c-FLIPs and c-FLIPR,which can inhibit the apoptosis of a variety of tumor cells.c-FLIPL plays a dual role in the apoptotic signal.The expression level of FLIP not only decides the opening and closing of the apoptosis pathway but also achieve the conversion of cells in the apeptotic signaling and proliferative signaling pathway.The regulation of FLIP's expression is a multi-layered,involving multiple signaling pathways.FLIP will probably become an attractive death receptor signaling target of therapy.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features ,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary leiomyo‐sarcoma of the thyroid gland .Methods The pathological characteristics and immunohistochemical features in a case of primary leio‐myosarcoma of the thyroid gland were analyzed and the relevant literatures were reviewed .Results Grossly ,the mass measured 5 .5 cm × 4 .0 cm × 3 .5 cm ,gray and yellow in cut surface and partial hard quality .Histologically ,the tumor was composed of spin‐dle cells ,arranging in bundles with obvious dysplasia ,nuclear mitosis was easily found .The tumor infiltrated thyroid follicles and in‐vaded surrounding tissues .The immunohistochemical study showed that Vimentin ,SMA ,Caldesmon and Actin were positive ,and CK ,CK8 ,EMA ,TTF‐1 ,P53 and LCA were negative .Conclusion Primary leiomyosarcoma of thyroid gland is extremely rare ,its diagnosis should be combined with clinical and imageologic data ,histological characteristics and immunohistochemistry .

Objective To discuss the feasibility on reducing the postoperative pulmonary complications ( PPC) incidence after thoracot-omy on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) though application of incentive spirometry ( IS) . Methods 62 patients with COPD concurrent thoracotomy were divided into control group and observation group,the control group was given routine nebulization,expectoration and other physical treatment;the observation group were given IS besides the conventional treatment. The incidence of PPC,prognosis,and the changes on pulmonary function were compared between these two groups. Results The incidence of PPC and mortality of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,and the inspiratory capacity( IC) from 3~5 days was significantly higher than that of con-trol group. Conclusion Application of IS can reduce the PPC incidence after thoracotomy on COPD patients,and promote the recovery of pulmonary function.

The lineage-Actinobacteria class nov.comprises organisms with a DNA base composition which generally is above 50% G+C (with a few exceptions).We set up a method that has been used in isolating Actinobacteria and Actinomycetes. We added 25?g/mL Nalidixic acid and 25?g/mL Aztreonam into isolation media to inhibit the other bacteria and 20?g/mL Benlete to inhibit fungi.We used fluorescent in situ hybridization to identi 1fy Actinobacteria. Using the four probes,PA-1,PA-2,PHGC and PNHGC,we made the identification on the 31 strains of the 56 gram-positive bacteria randomly selected and got 22 positive results,6 negative results and 3 ambiguous results.It was showed that the results of G+C content determination and FISH method were identical.Among 31 strain,there were 24 strains of Actinobacteria,the rate was 77.4%.This proved the isolation and FISH identification methods were effective and reliable.

Objective To establish carotid artery bifurcation aneurysm in canine, and to clarify whether specific hemodynamic insult in combination with arterial wall degeneration will lead to the occurrence and development of aneurysms. Methods New bifurcation aneurysm model of common carotid artery (CCA) was successfully established in 18 dogs, which were randomly divided into the elastase-treated bifurcation group (EBG,n=9) and the control bifurcation group (CBG,n=9). Three dogs were treated with elastase insult to both straight sections of CCA and were used as elastase-treated straight section group (ESG,n=3). Angiographic and hemodynamic analysis was conducted immediately after the operation, as well as 12 and 24 weeks after the operation. Histopathological examination was performed 12 and 24 weeks after the operation. Results Angiography showed that new aneurysm (mean diameter 3.2 ±0.4 mm) was formed at the apex of CCA bifurcation in 5 dog models of EBG group, while no new aneurysm was observed in both CBG and ESG groups. In EBG group, no rupture of the new aneurysm occurred during the follow-up period. Histological analysis revealed that in EBG group the inner elastic lamina was discontinued, the elastic fiber was disrupted, the muscle layer became thinned, the smooth muscle cells were reduced, and the inflammatory cell (macrophage) infiltration as well as the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased;these changes were statistically significant when compared with those in CBG group and ESG group (P<0.001). Postoperative hemodynamic analysis indicated that in EBG group the wall shear stress at the apex of CCA bifurcation was reduced, the blood flow velocity was decreased, with the relative and total pressure being the highest;all the above changes returned to normal after arterial wall remodeling. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the arterial wall degeneration and the hemodynamic effect at the apex of CCA bifurcation can lead to new aneurysm formation in canine model.

Objective To compare the performance of newly developed Chronic Kidney Disease Epideniology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation in patients with peripheral arterial diseases (PAD).Methods A total of 841 patients with PAD were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study.Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated by MDRD and CKD-EPI equation respectively, was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis, Bland-Altman method and Kappa test for the evaluation of correlation and consistency.Net reclassification improvement (NRI) was adopted to compare the death risk assessment between these two equations.Results Although the eGFR was 4.33 ml· min-1 · (1.73 m2)-1 higher with MDRD equation than with CKD-EPI equation, there were still significant correlation and fine consistency between eGFRMDRD and eGFRCKD-EPI (Kappa: 0.749, r=0.991, P＜0.05).The CKD-EPI equation re-classified 9 (1.1％) patients upward to higher eGFR category and 143 (17.0％) patients downward to lower eGFR category.Besides, the performance of risk assessment for all-cause death was better with CKD-EPI equation than with MDRD equation (NRI=0.059, P ＜ 0.05), which was not the case for cardiovascular death (NRI=0.022, P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions There is no solid evidence suggesting that CKD-EPI equation performs better than MDRD equation.