Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant tumor of the liver in children,and it is most prevalent in children under 5 years old.The overall prognosis of childhood HB has been improved significantly due to multidisciplinary team approach consisting with surgical resection and combination chemotherapy.Nevertheless,the clinical outcomes of metastatic and relapsed HB remain to be poor.This paper makes a brief review on the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of HB.

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol administered before, with or after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the acute lung injury (ALI) induced by IPS in rats. Methods Seventy-six male Wistar rats weighing 250-290 g were randomly divided into 5 groups : (A) control group received only normal saline (n = 8); (B) LPS group received LPS 8 mg?kg-1 iv (n = 17); (C, D, E) propofol group-Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲreceived propofol (a bolus of 5 mg?kg-1 followed by infusion at 10 mg?kg-1?h-1) 1 h before (group C, propofol - Ⅰ , n = 17) , simultaneously with (group D, propofol-Ⅱ, n=17) or 1h after LPS administration (group E, propofol-Ⅲ , n = 17) . The animals were observed for 5h after LPS administration for MAP monitoring and mortality and then killed. The lungs were immediately removed for determination of expressions of nitrotyrosine protein and iNOS mRNA, wet / dry lung weight ratio and pulmonary permeability index (PPI). The lungs were also lavaged. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALE) was collected for measurement of TNF-?, NO and protein contents. Results In group C and D propofol given before and simultaneously with LPS significantly inhibited the increase in nitrotyrosine protein and iNOS expression induced by LPS, improved MAP, reduced 5h mortality rate, decreased PPI and protein, NO and TNF-?contents in BALF compared with group B (P

Congresses as Topic ; Head and Neck Neoplasms

Objective To establish a method for the determination of arsenic in urine by microwave digestion-oscillopolarographic method. Methods The urine samples were treated by microwave digestion. After being reduced to As3+,total arsenic in the samples was determined by oscillopolarographic method in the system of H2SO4-KBr-Se4+. The experiment conditions were optimized. Results The linear range of the method was 0-50 ?g/L(r=0.999 8),the limit of detection was 0.67 ?g/L,the relative standard deviation was 1.44%,and the rates of recovery were 95.0% -103.0%. Conclusion The method is simple,rapid,accurate and applicable to the determination of arsenic in human urine,which presents an advantage of low losing of arsenic in the treatment and determination.

Objective To evaluate the effects of mechanical stretch preconditioning on pathological stretch-induced damage to type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells.Methods A549 cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =5 each)using a random number table:control group (Ⅰ group),pathological stretch group (Ⅱ group) and different time mechanical stretch preconditioning + pathological stretch group (group Ⅲ-Ⅵ).A549 cells were exposed to 20％ cyclic stretch at 0.3 Hz for 6 h in Ⅱ group.In Ⅲ-Ⅵ groups,A549 cells were exposed to 5％ cyclic stretch at 0.3 Hz for 15,30,60 and 120 min,respectively,and then exposed to 20％ cyclic stretch at 0.3 Hz for 6 h.After the end of pathological stretch,the apoptosis in cells was detected using flow cytometry and was calculated.F-actin expression was determined using flow cytometry.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased,and the expression of F-actin was up-regulated in Ⅱ group.Compared with group Ⅱ,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in groups Ⅳ-Ⅵ,and the expression of F-actin was up-regulated in groups Ⅴ and Ⅵ.Conclusion Preconditioning with mechanical stretch (30-120 min) can mitigate pathological stretch-induced damage to type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Leukemia ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Vaccination

Objective The aims were to investigate the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in the diagnosis of bronehioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and its metabolic and anatomic features in differentiating from non-BAC adenocareinoma (non-BAC AC ). Methods This was a retrospective 18F-FDG PET/CT study on a consecutive series of 87 patients (32 BAC, 55 non-BAC AC) with 110 pathology-proven lesions. The maximum standardized uptake value ( SUVmax) was calculated for all lesions. Tumor's location, morphology and margins, internal structures were analyzed on CT. Statistical analysis compared the mean SUVmax between the two groups, analysed the relationship between tumor subtype and features on CT and compared the diagnostie aeeuraeies with PET alone, CT alone and PET/CT. The t-test, McNemar test, Fisher exact test were used to analyze the data using SPSS 12.0. Results Significant differences were found between mean SUVmax in a total of 47 lesions with BAC and 63 lesions with non-BAC AC (1.51±0.17 vs 6.28± 3.04, t=-10.374, P <0.0001 ). Pure ground glass density, which was foued in BAC, was the most significant CT feature in distinguishing tumor types ( Fisher exact test, P<0.0001 ). Diagnos-tic accuracies were 88% (28/32) with PET/CT, 47% (15/32) with PET and 66% (21/32) with CT. Differences in aeeuraeies between PET and PET/CT and between CT and PET/CT were statistically signifi-cant (P= 0.001,0.039 ). Conclusions Diagnostie accuracy can be higher by understanding the function-al eharaeteristies on PET and anatomical features on CT. The presence of persistent ground glass in a lesion on CT is a significant feature for BAC and should raise the suspicion of this tumor type even in cases of low 18F-FDG activity.

Objective To evaluate the role of syndecan-4 (SDC-4) in inflammatory responses of rats with ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).Methods Twenty-four healthy male wild type Sprague-Dawley rats and 24 male SDC-4 gene knockout Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2-3 months,weighing 200-220 g,were assigned into 2 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (group C)and VILI group.The animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and tracheostomized.The rats kept spontaneous breathing in group C.The rats were mechanically ventilated for 4 h in group VILI.Blood samples were taken from the femoral artery at the end of mechanical ventilation for detection of arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2).The animals were sacrificed after blood sampling.The left lung was lavaged,and the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 concentrations (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and total protein concentrations (by BCA assay).The right lungs were removed for determination of the wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio) and expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA in lung tissues (by real-time polymerase chain reaction) and for examination of the pathological changes (with a light microscope).The lung injury scores were recorded.Results Compared with group C of wild type rats,PaO2 was significantly decreased,W/D ratio and lung injury scores were increased,the concentrations of total protein,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 in BALF were increased,and the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated in group VILI of wild type rats (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the variables mentioned above in group C of gene knockout rats (P＞0.05).Compared with group C of gene knockout rats,PaO2 was significantly decreased,W/D ratio and lung injury scores were increased,the concentrations of total protein,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 in BALF were increased,and the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated in group VILI of gene knockout rats (P＜0.05).Compared with group VILI of wild type rats,PaO2 was significantly decreased,W/D ratio and lung injury scores were increased,the concentrations of total protein,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 in BALF were increased,and the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated in group VILI of gene knockout rats (P＜0.05).Conclusion SDC-4 can inhibit inflammatory responses of rats with VILI and is involved in the endogenous protective mechanism.

This article emphasizes the importance of medical communication and expounds how to strenthen medical communication by some principles and methods,like paying attention to and lov-ing patients,listenning carefully,explaining patiently and confidently,learning modestly and so on.