Objective To understand the characteristics of hearing aid fitting for elderly patients through 123 cases study.Methods 123 cases of the elderly people suffered from presbycusis were divided into 4 groups at an interval of every 10 years in age.The pure tone thresholds of 125 to 8000 Hz was examined,and digital hearing aids of Siemens were selected based on their hearing conditions,the final results were recorded and reasons of rejection to wearing hearing aid were studied.Results The average hearing condition for each group was found no difference.Patients over 70 were willing to go to see a doctor,but those under 70 were likely to accept hearing aids.The elderly over 70 rejected to wearing hearing aid due to discomfort and financial reasons while the other reasons involved social influence.Conclusion In order to improve the living quality,more attention should be paid to educate the elderly on the effective use of hearing aids.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanisms of chitosan, absorbable membrane, and hyaluric acid in preventing adhesion following tendon injury. METHODS: The Chinese Journal Full-text Database, as well as Pubmed database, were retrieved with key words of tendon adhesion, high polymer biological barrier, several Ding keeps out, absorbability antiseize continually membrane, and hyaluric acid. The quality, as well as inflammatory reaction surrounding tensions were served as evaluate indexes, accordingly, the English and Chinese papers regarding mechanisms of chitosan, absorbable membrane, and hyaluric acid in preventing tendon adhesion were included. Studies concerning other biomaterials were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 223 papers were obtained by initial search with computer. According to inclusion criteria, the related papers were analyzed. Adhesion formation associated with tendon surgery is a widespread problem. Tendon healing was classically considered to occur through extrinsic and intrinsic healing, in which the extrinsic healing was closely associated with the formation of adhesion or scar, so if we can accelerate proliferation of granulation tissue, inhibit the extrinsic healing of the tendon, the purpose of preventing tendon adhesion formation could be achieved. As a result, macromolecular compound and drug biology barrier were widely used. CONCLUSION: High polymer biological barrier can relieve tendon adhesion by its barrier function and pharmacologic action to regulate healing mechanisms.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and correlation of depressive disorders among female nurses of 3A-level general hospitals in Tianjin.Methods Seven-hundred and ninety-three female nurses were randomly selected from five 3A-level general hospitals in Tianjin,and interviewed with a Chinese version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (depression chapter,including major depressive disorder and dysthymia diagnosis).Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire was also completed by all subjects before interview.Results The prevalence rate(95％CI) of depressive disorders was 8.58％ (6.63％,10.52％),in which,the rate for dysthymia was 7.94％.Risk factors (OR) for depressive disorders of nurses were shift work (4.40),professional titles of nurses (2.03),effort subscale score ＞18 points (6.03)and reward subscale score ≤34 points(5.26).Conclusions Female nurses from 3A-level general hospitals have high risk of depressive disorders-dominantly presented with dysthymia subtype.Adverse occupational factors and job stress might increase the risk for depressive disorders.

Brain injury is the main reason of long-term neurological disabilities and poor outcomes in premature infants.The diagnosis of brain injury in premature infants mainly depends on brain imaging findings and/or brain function monitoring results,because of its atypical clinical manifestations,non-specific symptoms and unobvious clinical symptoms.This paper aims to introduce the high-risk factors,clinical manifestations,brain ultrasound,magnetic resonance imaging and brain function monitoring findings,as well as its prevention,diagnosis and treatment strategies,all of which provide references to clinical application in neonatal field.

Based on analyzing the gross amount and components of the municipal garbage developed in past years, a strategic influence evaluation was carried out, focused on the effect of public policy on the control of the single used plastic lunch box which is usually called White Pollution. The evaluation showed that among the city garbage, the percentage of package wastes, especially those made of plastic material, demonstrated an obvious increasing trend in the past 10 years. All kinds of municipal plastic wastes mainly flow to the villages and suburbs where the plastic waste was processed in a small scale with a lower technique, and an underground waste trade came into being. From 2000, some developed cities started to develop a public policy on the recycling of the used plastic lunch box, connecting with the responsibilities of the producers, then this policy made a great increase in the recycling rate of the one-off plastic lunch box,but due to the antiquated admittance condition of environmental protection and the recycling network, the effect of the White Pollution control seemed efficient but limited.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Shuguanling mixture on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and blood lipids of patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Methods 110 patients with UAP were randomly recruited into a control group and a treatment group, with 50 patients in the control group and 60 in the treatment group. The control group was treated with conventional treatment (aspirin, β-receptor block agent, and nitrate), while the treatment group was treated with Shuguanling mixture on the basis of conventional treatment. Both groups received thetreatment for 30 days. Results The total effective rate of pectoris treatment was 78.3% and 66% respectively in the treatment group and the control group, and the effective rate showed in ECG was 63.3% and 46% respectively in both groups. The treatment group demonstrated a significant superiority to the control group. The values of TC, TG, LDL-C and hs-CRP in both groups were decreased but HDL-C increased in the treatment group after the treatment. Except for TC, the difference of values was significance between the two groups. Conclusion In the treatment of UAP,Shuguanling mixture is effective in ameliorating symptoms and ECG results, lowering hs-CRP and blood lipids and so thus reducing the rate of adverse reaction dramatically.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prospect of artificial synthetic material in repairing knee cruciate ligaments injury by reviewing related study progress and clinical experiments. METHODS: Publications addressing artificial synthetic material in repairing knee cruciate ligaments injury inthe VIP database between January 1993 and October 2009 were selected by computer. The research words including "knee cruciate ligaments, artificial ligaments, and reconstruction" . Inclusion criteria: ①Literatures relate to the application of artificial synthetic material in repairing knee cruciate ligaments injury. ②Papers addressing reconstructing anterior, posterior cruciate ligaments by using LARS artificial ligaments. Exclusion criteria: obsolete theoretical views and repetitive studies. The data were checked in the first trial, and the quotations were reviewed. RESULTS: In total, 105 literatures were initial searched by computer, 40 unrelated and 44 repetitive studies were excluded after screening. Therefore, 21 literatures were included in this paper. The cruciate ligament rupture is a severe knee joint injury, which can lead to knee joint instability, damage intra-articular structures, and seriously affect the joint function. LARS artificial ligament is preferred candidate for young patients, especially for athletes with anterior cruciate ligament. LARS artificial ligament is considered to be a safe transplant material because that few reports concerning its complication, particularly, no synovitis was reported following LARS artificial ligaments implantation. CONCLUSION: LARS artificial ligament provides a selection for anterior, posterior cruciate ligaments reconstruction. However, it is can not substitute cruciate ligament completely due to its limitation.

Tumor antigenic peptide vaccines,which have been adapted with altered peptide ligand (APL) and adjuvant to improve cytotoxic T lymphocyte response,include vaccines of different originations. These vaccines are orginated from malignant melanoma differentiation, HER2, NY- ESO-1, carcinoembryonic antigen and etc. Recently,great advances have been made in the related alteration methods,peptide designing principles and cytotoxic T lymphocyte response improvement mechanisms of these peptide vaccines. Furthermore,the vac- cines are showing satisfying pedormances in clinical treatments.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Jiuwei Pingzhi Jiaonang on cardiac function, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and blood lipids in patients with chronic cardiac failure (CHF). Methods Seventy-eight patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group (38 cases) was treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ?-receptor inhibitor, digoxin and diuretic, and the treated group (40 cases) with the above treatment plus Jiuwei Pingzhi Jiaonang for six months. The changes of cardiac function and serum hs-CRP were measured by echocardiograph and enhanced immunoturbidimetry respectively before and after treatment. Results Compared with those before treatment, the NYHA cardiac function grade, the left ventricular dimension end diastole and the left ventricular dimension end systole decreased significantly (P

Both transient tachypnea of newborn (TTPN) and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) are the com mon reasons of neonatal respiratory dyspnea,but their treatments and prognosis are much different.It is difficult to differentiate them by clinical features and chest X-ray while the lung ultrasound can see it easily.In lung ultrasonography images,the TTPN mainly manifested with pulmonary edema,while the RDS mainly manifested with lung consolidation with air bronchograms.Thus,it is important to perform lung ultrasound routinely at the bed side.