Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hemorrhoids ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urinary Retention ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urination ; Young Adult

Xenograft mice are preclinical animal models of tumors and are widely utilized in anti-tumor research. PK/PD modeling of anti-tumor agents is an approach that can capture the time profile of the "dose-plasma concentration-biomarker level-tumor volume" process based on experimental data from xenograft mice using a non-linear mixed-effect model. PK/PD modeling can help optimize the dosing regimen for anti-tumor therapy, evaluate any synergistic effect and help identify an optimal schedule for combination therapy, as well as providing a preliminary estimate of a drug's efficacy and anti-tumor potency in the human body. PK/PD modeling can also help by quantitatively explaining the mechanism of the tumor-inhibitory effect as indicated by changes in biomarker levels after a drug acts on its target. This article provides a systematic summary of the background, application range, and limitations of the mainstream anti-tumor agent PK/PD models. Recent advances in model structure development are reviewed in detail. Finally, we discuss promising applications of PK/PD models in anti-tumor medicine development from the perspective of a drug's mechanism of action, optimization of combination therapy schedules, and their clinical translation.

Study the infect of child anorexia granule on serum ghrelin and leptin of anorexia children and its clinical efficacy. Selected 81 cases of anorexia children aged 1-6 years old into treatment group (42 cases) and control group (39 cases), in addition, 30 case healthy children as healthy control group. The control group children were treated with domperidone suspension 0.3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), tid, orally 30 minutes before meals. Treatment group were treated with child anorexia granule, 1-3 years 1 package, bid; 4-6 years 1 package, tid; po, 4 weeks as a course of treatment. Study the change of serum ghrelin and leptin before and after therapy. The study demonstrates that before treatment, the serum ghrelin level of disease group was lower than healthy group (P < 0.01), and the serum leptin level was higher than healthy group (P < 0.01). After treatment, the serum ghrelin level both increase, and the serum leptin decline. And the change of treatment group was significantly different with control group (P < 0.01). And the clinical effective rate are 95.23% and 74.35% (P < 0.01). After 6 months of follow-up visit, the children weight significantly increase in treatment group (P < 0.01). Results indicate that child anorexia granule can facilitate secretion of ghrelin, and inhibit secretion of leptin, so as to work up an appetite. And the molecular mechanism is its infect on serum ghrelin, leptin.
Anorexia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Appetite Regulation ; drug effects ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Ghrelin ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Leptin ; metabolism ; Male

Objective To explore the changes of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)and parathyroid hormone(PTH)in umbilical cord blood of newborn infants with intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)and their relationships with electrolytic.Methods A total of 71 IUGR infants borned between Jan.2006 and Aug.2007 were enrolled in this study.Another 40 normal appropriate for gestational age neonates were selected as control group.The study group were divided into 2 groups:mature IUGR group(n=29)and premature IUGR group(n=42).The samples of umbilical cord blood of every group were collected at the time of delivery,and ANP,PTH levels in umbilical cord blood were mea-sured by radioimmunoassay.The sodium,calcium levels in their peripheral vein were measured simultaneously.Results 1.Compared with control group[(0.78?0.42)?g/L],the ANP levels of premature IUGR group[(1.26?0.47)?g/L] and the mature IUGR group[(1.09?0.51)?g/L] were significantly increased(t=5.98,2.76 Pa0.05).The calcium levels of the premature IUGR group[(1.85?0.37)mmol/L]significantly decreased(t=1.93 P0.05)compared with control group [(2.02?0.44)mmol/L].3.The serum sodium level was negatively correlated with the umbilical ANP level(r=-0.93 P

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; immunology ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; immunology ; therapy

Objective To evaluate the value of three-dimensional power Doppler imaging(3D-PDI) in the discrimination between benign and malignant endometrium in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Methods Eighty-four women with post menopausal bleeding who examined by 3D-PDI were enrolled. All patients scheduled for pathological examination were divided into benign group (30 cases with endometrial polyps and 34 cases with hyperplasia) and malignant group (20 cases with endometrial carcinoma). Endometrial volume, vascularity index ( VI) , flow index ( FI) and vascularity flow index ( VFI) were measured. The diagnostic value of parameters derived from 3D-PDI was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curve. Results Differences of these parameters (VI, FI and VFI) were considered statistically significant between two groups, the parameters of endometrial volume had no significant differences between two groups; the area under ROC curve(AUC) of the meaningful data were 0.976,0.888 and 0.894 respectively. Among these parameters, VI had the highest diagnostic value for discriminating between benign and malignant endometrium, the cut-off value of which was 2. 97 with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 86%. Conclusions 3D-PDI is a good diagnostic tools in the discriminations between benign and malignant endometrium in women with postmenopausal bleeding.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of intramedullary nailing combined with bone cement in repair of segmental bone defects after tumor resection.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 5 patients with malignant bone tumor who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics, Qiannan People's Hospital from April 2018 to September 2019 for remaining segmental bone defects following limb salvage surgery. They were 4 males and one female, aged from 11 to 55 years (average, 35.4 years). Their defects ranged from 6 to 21 cm (average, 12.3 cm) after tumor resection. By the Karnofsky performance score (KPS) for long-term quality of life, all of them scored less than 50 points. Of them, 3 were treated by interlocking intramedullary nails and bone cement filling, and 2 by elastic intramedullary nails and bone cement filling. In the 2 cases with defects of 21 cm and 13 cm, the fixation was assisted by a plate and an external fixator. Defect length after resection, operation time and intraoperative bleeding were recorded; the efficacy was evaluated by the Enneking functional evaluation of reconstructive procedures after surgical treatment of tumors of the musculoskeletal system, visual analogue scale (VAS), and KPS.Results:All the 5 patients had uneventful surgery, with operation time ranging from 112 to 225 min (average, 154.2 min), intraoperative bleeding from 300 to 500 mL (average, 382 mL), and defect length after resection from 6 to 21 cm. The 5 patients were followed up for 6 to 28 months. Of them, 2 died of disease progression 6 and 7 months after surgery, respectively. According to the Enneking's evaluation, one patient scored 28 points, 2 patients 23 points and 2 patients 21 points, giving a high degree of satisfaction. Their VAS scores 6 months after surgery ranged from 1 to 6, averaging 3.6; their postoperative KPS scores ranged from 60 to 80, averaging 72.Conclusion:In repair of segmental bone defects after tumor resection, intramedullary nailing combined with bone cement filling can relieve pain of patients and lead to satisfactory short-term curative efficacy.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Asthma ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Budesonide ; pharmacology ; Eosinophils ; drug effects ; pathology ; Inflammation ; pathology ; physiopathology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory System ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo invesitigate the clinical effects of percutaneous closed reduction and cannulated screw internal fixation combined with external fixation in the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures.

METHODSFrom April 2006 to May 2009,29 patients with pelvic fractures of rotatory instability were treated with closed reduction and screw internal fixation combined with external fixation. There were 19 males and 10 females with an average age of 31 years old (ranged from 19 to 53 years). Based on the Tile classification,17 cases were type CI and 12 case were type C2. Tornetta standard and Majeed score were used to evaluated the clinical effect after operation.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 10 to 24 months with an average of 16 months. There were no nerve injuries and other organ injuries, only one case of infection was found and it was cured with wound dressing. Time of fracture union was from 14 to 18 weeks with the mean of 16.2 weeks. No loosening, slippage or breakage of the screw were found. According to the Tornetta standards,14 cases obtained excellent results, 10 good, 4 fair and 1 poor. The Majeed score was 87.2 ± 11.3, 16 cases got excellent results, 9 good and 4 fair.

CONCLUSIONClosed reduction and screw internal fixation combined with external fixation is an effective way to treat unstable pelvic fractures with Tile type C1 and Tile type C2.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; injuries ; surgery

0.05).However,A-waves were recorded in 7 patients who were with normal F-waves.Conclusion The occur- rence of A-waves,especially of multiple type,in the ulnar and median nerves might be helpful for the early diagnosis of Guillain-Barr?Syndrome.