Purpose To investigate the influence of paraquat on substantial nigra and doparine levels ofstriatum in C57BL mice. Methods 39 neonatal C57BL mice were randomly divided into 5 groups andwere given paraquat or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine(MPTP) orally in 10 th and 11 thdays odl; ( 1 ) MPTP 0.3 mg/kg, n = 8; (2) MPTP 20 mg/kg, n = 8; (3) paraquat 0.07 mg/kg, n = 8; ( 4 )paraquat 0.36 mg/kg, n = 8; (5) normal saline, n = 7. Adult spontaneous motor activity was observed atages of 120 days, then the mice were decapitated and the contents of dopamine(DA), serotonin(5-HT), andtheir metabolites in striatum were analyzed. Meanwhile, the dopamine neuons at the mesencephalon vereobserved by the method of ABC immunohistochemistry. Results Mice given Paraquat 0.36 mg/kg andMPTP 20 rng/kg showed a marked bypoactive behavior and reduced the striatal contents of DA andmetabolites without affecting 5-HT. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the amount of dopamineneurons at the midbrain decreased. Conclusions C57BL mice exposed to great amount of paraquat duringthe neonatal period could yield the alterations of behavior and some pathological and biochemical changessimilar to parkinson disease.

Objective To investigate the change of the intestinal permeability,the expression level of intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) mRNA and the relationship between them after total body irradiation (TBI),and explore the effect of TBI on the development of intestinal permeability and the expression level of ITF mRNA.Methods Twenty two BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: 3 groups at 4,8 and 12 d after TBI with the total dose of 8.0 Gy and the dose rate of 1.0 Gy/min respectively,and a control group.Lactulose (L) and mannitol (M) were perfused into the esophagus before the experiment and urine samples were collected.Liquid chromatography was used to measure the L/M excretion ratio in the urine samples collected 4,8,and 12 days after the TBI.And then the mice were killed with their intestine were taken out.The expression of ITF mRNA in the jejunum tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results The urine L/M ratio levels of the groups 4,8 and 12 days after TBI were (0.5092 ± 0.0352),(0.7174 ± 0.0116),and (0.7295 ± 0.0533) respectively,all significantly higher than that of the control group [(0.2908 ± 0.0533),F = 321.47,P ＜ 0.05].The ITF mRNA expression levels of groups 4,8 and 12 days after TBI were (0.78612 ±0.1428),(0.2521 ±0.1223),and (0.2306 + 0.0221 ) respectively,all significantly lower than that of the control group [( 1.3498 + 0.0476),F = 235.71 ,P ＜ 0.05].The urine L/M ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the expression of ITF mRNA in all TBI groups (r = - 0.985,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The intestinal permeability increases and the expression level of ITF mRNA decreases after TBI.The urine L/M ratio is negatively correlated with the expression level of ITF mRNA after TBI.ITF is involved in protection against intestinal permeability induced by TBI.

Background and purpose:The patients with aggressive lymphoma who have a poor prognosis and unlikely to be cured with conventional chemotherapy. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of high-dose etoposide in mobilization followed auto-SCT in treating refractory lymphoma. Methods:40 patients [median age 33 (13-61) years] with refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL, n=32) or Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HD, n=8) received high-dose etoposide [VP16 10-15 mg/(kg·d)×2 d] in mobilization in our center. Remission status prior to mobilization was PD (n=40). The use of such granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF, 5-10μg/(kg·d)] mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) after high-dose etoposide until the end of leukapheresis. Peripheral blood stem cell was collected and frozen in-80℃refrigerator. All these patients received auto peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT). Conditioning regimen was BEAM (n=19, 47.5%) or CBV (n=21, 52.5%). Results:Twenty-eight pa-tients (70%) were assessable for response after high-dose etoposide at a median pretreatment time of 39 days (range 17-172 days), 12 patients (30%) had no response. Median follow-up of 28 (4-66) months, 16 patients (40%) reached CR after auto-PBSCT. Fifteen of the 28 patients (53.6%) who had response to high-dose etoposide reached CR, 4 patients (14.3%) reached PR, 9 patients (32.1%) succumb to progression of disease. One of the 12 patients (8.3%) who had no response to high-dose etoposide reached CR, 1 patients (8.3%) reached PR, 10 patients (83.4%) succumb to progression of disease. The estimated 1-year OS and EFS were 69%and 56.7%respectively, 2-years OS and EFS were 63%and 52%respectively. The prognosis of the patients who had no response to etoposide was poor. The estimated 1-year OS and EFS were 25%and 16.7%respectively. Two group of comparison differences have statistics signiifcance (P<0.01). Conclusion: High-dose etoposide could be used in refractory lymphoma as rescue therapy in mobilization. It can increase the EFS and OS of patients who had response. The hematopoietic stem cells collection and hematopoietic reconstitution are not affected by etoposide.

Objective To observe the clinical, mammographic and sonographic features of pure invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC), and to explore the value of combined imaging assessment of ILC. Methods Sonographic appearances of 55 patients of ILC were retrospectively reviewed in correlation with mammographic, pathologic and clinical findings, and the causes of false negative were analyzed. Results The main features found in clinical examination were mass (96.15%) and thickening in the size of breast (3.85%). The main mammographic features were spiculated or ill-defined mass (65.38%) and architectural distortion (23.08%). The most common sonographic patterns were mass (98.00%) and distortion (2.00%). The accuracy for detecting ILC of clinical examination, mammography and ultrasonography was 94.55%, 83.87% and 98.04%, respectively, while combining the three modalities, the detection rate increased to 100%. Conclusion Sonography has higher accuracy than mammography in detecting ILC. Combining clinical examination, mammography and ultrasonography can increase the pre-operative diagnostic accuracy of ILC.

Objective:To study the expression and significance of sodium channel Nav1.6 in oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Nav1.6 in 21 case of normal oral mucosa,32 of oral leukoplakia and 63 of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Results:Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive rate of Nay1.6 in normal group,oral leukoplakia group and OSCC group was 6.25％,40％ and 76.74％ respectively.The expression of Nav1.6 was related to the differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma.Western blot results revealed that the content of Nav1.6 in normal oral mucosa,oral leukoplakia and OSCC was 0.469 ±0.015,0.545 ±0.016 and 0.848 ±0.020(P ＜0.05) respectively.Conclusion:Nay1.6 may play a role in the development of OSCC.

BACKGROUND: +Gz-induced acute dysencephalia and its protection is one of the significant topics in Aero-medical researches. Its pathological mechanism, however, is still unclear and protective measures should be developed further. OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of inducible nitricoxide synthase (iNOS) in brain tissue after +Gz exposure and to analyze the protective effects of danshen and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on repeated +Gz exposure-induced brain injury. DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study. SETTING: Researching Center of Molecular Biology, Air-force General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Researching Center of Molecular Biology, Air-force General Hospital of Chinese PLA from April to August 2000. A total of 20 healthy SD rats of clean grade were divided into 5 groups according to randomly digital table, including control group, +Gz exposure group, bFGF group, danshen group and saline group with 4 in each group.METHODS: All rats were fixed on rotatory arm of centrifugal apparatus,and their heads were towards core of the apparatus. Except the rats in control group, the value of +Gz exposure was +14 Gz, and the growth rate was 1.5 G/s. The exposure at peak value lasted for 45 s. +Gz exposure was done for three times, and the interval was 30 minutes. Rats in the control group were also treated with the same +Gz exposing procedure, but the G value was +1 Gz. Rats in bFGF group and danshen group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μg/kg of bFGF and/or 15 g/kg of danshen solution, respectively, at 30 minutes before centrifugation and immediateness after centrifugation; moreover, rats in saline group were injected with the same volume of saline. Six hours after exposure, rats were cut off their heads to obtain the brains which were maintained in liquid nitrogen for RNA extraction. The expression of iNOS mRNA in brain tissues of the rats in each group was detected with semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and calculated on the basis of ratio between iNOS and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrognase.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Expressed level of iNOS mRNA in brain tissue of rats.RESULTS: Expression of iNOS mRNA in brain tissue was higher in repeated +Gz exposure group than that in control group (0.452 ±0.014,0.065±0.008, P ＜ 0.01); however, that was lower in bFGF group and dan-shen group than that in +Gz exposure group (0.196±0.010, 0.183±0.011,0.452±0.014, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Repeated +Gz exposure can increase the expression of iNOS mRNA, this plays an important role in cerebral injury induced by repeated +Gz exposure. Moreover, bFGF and danshen have protective effects on cerebral injury induced by +Gz exposure.

Objective To compare the application effects of three methods,namely microscopic examination,antigen detec-tion(RDT)and nucleic acid test(PCR)in malaria detection between municipal and districts/counties centers for disease con-trol and prevention in Shanghai,and analyze the malaria detection ability of the laboratories in Shanghai. Methods The blood smears,whole blood samples,case review confirmation records and case data of malaria cases and suspected cases in Shanghai from 2012 to 2015 were collected by Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and the detection results were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 212 samples with complete data were submitted by all districts(counties)in Shanghai from 2012 to 2015,the samples submitted by Jinshan Districts were the most(41.98%),and among the first diagnosis hospitals,those submitted by the tertiary hospitals were the most(82.07%). The submitted samples in the whole year were in-creased gradually from January to October. All the 212 samples were detected by three methods(the microscopic examination, RDT and PCR)in the laboratory of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and 167 were tested and con-firmed comprehensively as positives,accounting for 78.77%,and 45 were confirmed as negatives,accounting for 21.23%. The samples were detected by the method of microscopy and domestic RDT in the laboratories of the centers for disease control and prevention at district/county level,totally 153 were tested as positives,accounting for 72.17%,41 were unclassified,account-ing for 19.34%,53 were negative,accounting for 25.00%,and 6 were undetected,accounting for 2.83%. The coincidence of microscopic examination between the report hospitals and the centers for disease control and prevention at district/county level was 78.16%,and the coincidence between centers for disease control and prevention at district/county level and municipal level was 93.20%. The utilization rate of RDT in the laboratory of district/county level was 73.58%. The coincidence of RDT tests be-tween those domestic and imported was 93.59%. Compared with the detection results by municipal center for disease control and prevention,37 samples were misjudged by the laboratories of district/county level. Almost all(99.37%)of the confirmed malar-ia cases were imported overseas,including Africa(85.44%),Asia(13.92%)and America(0.63%). Conclusion The surveil-lance after malaria elimination in Shanghai should be carried out by combining with different detection methods and resource in-tegration.

Objective To examine the distribution of bacterial species and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of pathogens in febrile neutropenic patients.Methods A total of 355 bacterial strains were isolated from febrile neutropenic patients in Shanghai General Hospital from January 2005 to December 2012. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer method. The susceptibility testing results were analyzed according to CLSI 2014 breakpoints.Results Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 70.4% of the 355 isolates, while gram-positive organisms accounted for 29.6%. The most common bacterial species werePseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophiliaand Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Non-fermentative bacteria accounted for 53.2% of all the gram-negative bacterial isolates. All theEnterococcus and
Staphylococcus isolates were susceptible to linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin. All theStaphylococcus strains were resistant to methicillin.P. aeruginosa isolates were relatively more susceptible to cefoperazone-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime (>70%) than imipenem (40.8%) and meropenem (59.2%). All theK. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem and more than 70% of the isolates were susceptible to cefoperazone-sulbactam, amikacin. More than 80% of theA. baumannii isolates were susceptible to carbapenems, cefoperazone-sulbactam, amikacin, ciprolfoxacin and aminoglycosides. All the E. coli isolates were susceptible to carbapenems and more than 70% were susceptible to cefoperazone-sulbactam and ceftazidime. More than 90% of theS. maltophilia strains were sensitive to levolfoxacin, minocycline, cefoperazone-sulbactam and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.Conclusions Our data suggest that gram-negative bacteria, especiallyEnterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative bacteria, are still the primary pathogens in febrile neutropenic patients. Antimicrobial resistant strains are prevalent. Such data of bacterial species and antimicrobial susceptibility proifle of pathogens in febrile neutropenic patients are useful for empirical antimicrobial therapy of such infections.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection ( SSI ) in patients with colorectal cancer .Methods Clinical data of patients with colorectal cancer undergoing surgical treatment in Jiaxing First Municipal People’ s Hospital from October 2011 to December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.The gender, age, underlying diseases, smoking history, preventive medication, abdominal surgery history , type of surgery , preoperative levels of hemoglobin and albumin , use of laparoscopy, use of stapler, combined organ resection, TNM staging, American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA) score was documented .Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of SSI .Results A total of 773 patients were enrolled in the study , and SSI was observed in 144 cases (18.63%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that use of laparoscopy ( OR =0.35, 95%CI:0.15-0.79,P <0.05), use of stapler (OR =0.59, 95% CI: 0.39-0.88,P <0.05) were protective factors for SSI, while diabetes (OR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.25-3.58,P<0.01), liver cirrhosis (OR=2.12,95%CI:1.18-3.79,P<0.05), ASA score (3-4 points) (OR=2.01,95%CI:1.20-3.58, P<0.01), combined organ resection (OR=2.17,95% CI:1.20-3.92,P<0.05), and anastomotic leak (OR=6.85, 95%CI:3.01-15.63,P<0.01) were risk factors for SSI.Conclusions The incidence of SSI is high in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing surgery .Use of laparoscopy and stapler may reduce the incidence of SSI .

Objective To investigate the ultrasonographic manifestation of renal oncocytoma. Methods The sonographic appearances of 12 patients with pathologically confirmed RO were retrospectively reviewed, and the size, margin, configuration, echogenicity and blood flow distribution of the lesions were analyzed. Results All of the 12 RO were detected and located correctly, among which 3 cases were misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma and 9 cases were not qualitatively diagnosed with ultrasound. The lesions manifested as central stellate scar in 8.33%, homogeneous enchogenicity in 66.67%, well-defined in 75.00%, regular-shape in 91.67% and isoechoic in 58.33%. Among these lesions, 6 (50.00%) were hypervascular with spoke-wheel distribution, 5 (41.67%) were hypovascular, and 1 (8.33%) was avascular, while peripheral blood flow were seen in 7 lesions (66.67%). Conclusion The diagnostic ability of ultrasound for RO is limited, but a homogeneous, well-defined solid lesion with spoke-wheel distribution of blood flow, especially with a stellate scar may suggest RO.