The netrin family represented by netrin-1 is currently one of the most concerned axon guidance factors. Netrin-1 plays guidance roles for axon growth and cell migration by the dual mechanisms of attracting/excluding during the embryonic development. At the same time, netrin-1 also widely expresses in the adult nervous system and involves in the reconstruction of the structure and function after the achft nervous system injury. This article reviews the roles of netrin-1 in ischemic brain injury.

BACKGROUND:The repair and reconstruction of laryngeal structure and function play a crucial role in partial laryngectomy,and the repairing materials and methods have been developed rapidly in recent years.OBJECTIVE:To explore the present application of tissue transplantation on the repair and functional reconstruction after partial laryngectomy,and provide evidences for the selection of repairing materials and reconstructive techniques for laryngeal function.RETRIEVAL STRATEGY:A computer-based search of PubMed database was undertaken to identify the articles of functional reconstruction after partial laryngectomy published from January 1997 to July 2007,with the keywords of "laryngectomy,laryngeal carcinoma/cancer,reconstruction" in English.Simultaneously,Chinese Journal Full-text Database was searched for the relevant articles published between January 2000 and July 2007 with the keywords of "partial laryngectomy,laryngeal carcinoma,repair/reconstruction" in Chinese.Totally 160 relevant articles was retrieved,of which 69 articles were English and 91 articles Chinese.Articles on repair or reconstruction after partial laryngectomy were selected.After the primary filtration,fulltexts of the English articles were checked,and articles on review and with repetitive content were excluded.The articles on clinical research,which were issued in authorized journals,were selected.At last,totally 31 articles were included for review.LITERATURE EVALUTION:Among 31 included articles,16 articles were English and 15 articles Chinese.DATA SYNTHESIS:Functional reconstruction is the key point in course of partial laryngectomy.Technique on repairing postoperative larynx have made a progress,and autologous tissues,such as myofascial flap,flap of strap muscles,myocutaneous flap of neck fascial lata and epiglottis,are extensively used for larynx,which have got good effect.The study of the application of tissue engineering and other variant materials after partial laryngectomy is going on.CONCLUSION:With rapid development of partial laryngectomy,all kinds of repairing materials and reconstruction techniques are used.Repairing postoperative larynx has no fixed mode.It is a very important topic to choose suitable repairing material and reconstruction technique according to different factors such as laryngeal carcinoma type,lesion degree and excision scope,so as to recover the vocalization,respiratory and deglutition function,and raise the patients' survival rate and life quality.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the proteasome inhibitor, gliotoxin, combined with the endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer, tunicamycin, could enhance the apoptotic death of tumor cells. METHODS: MTT assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity. The combined drug index (CDI) was used to evaluate the synergistic effect. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis rate. The protein expression level was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The IC50 of gliotoxin and tunicamycin is (1.44±0.23) and (26.14±6.14) μmol·L-1, respectively. In the effective concentration, gliotoxin combined with tunicamycin could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and induce typical apoptotic morphological changes. The combination was synergistic according to the result of MTT assay. As measured by flow cytometry, the combination remarkably increased the apoptosis rates of HT-1080 cells, especially for 0.2 μmol·L-1 gliotoxin combined with tunicamycin, the apoptosis rate was up to 66.6% and CDI was 0.649. The expression changes of apoptosis-related proteins such as caspase-8, caspase-3, PARP and NF-kB were detected when treated with the combination. CONCLUSION: Gliotoxin can improve the chemosensitivity of fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells to tunicamycin and enhance the apoptosis of tumor cells induced by tunicamycin. Thus, our study may provide a new drug combination to antitumor therapy.

Objective To study the relationship between serum HBV DNA level and apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) , and the relationship between serum HBV DNA level and the activity of caspase-8 in the patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Method 30 CHB patients were selected as experimental group, and it was divided into three subgroups according to the serum HBV DNA level, subgroup A (high serum HBVDNA), subgroup B (medium serum HBVDNA), and subgroup C (low serum HBVDNA). 10 healthy adults were random selected as control group. PBMC were isolated from two groups by separating medium of lymphocytic cell and culturing it with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro for 72 hours. The PBMC was stained with PI and the apoptosis was assayed with flow cytometry. At the same time, the aetivity of caspase-8 of PBMC was assayed by color matching. Results The apoptosis rate of PBMC of experimental group ( 26. 88 ± 7.37 ) % were higher than that of the control group ( 14. 95 ±2. 53)% ( P <0. 01 ). In the experimental group, the apoptosis rate of PBMC of subgroups A, B and C showed decreasing order (34. 75 ± 4. 59)%, (25.63 ± 3.55 )%, ( 18. 91 ± 3. 81 )%. The activity of caspase-8 of experimental group 2. 99 ±0. 82 were higher than that of the control group 1.43 ±0. 91 ( P <0. 01 ). The activity of caspase-8 of subgroup A, B and C showed the same decreasing order: 3. 87 ±0. 35,2. 95 ± 0. 36, 1.95 ± 0. 29. There was a positive correlation between the apoptosis level of PBMC and the activity of caspase-8 in experimen tal group ( r = 0. 610, P < 0. 01 ). Conclusion AICD of PBMC was found in patients with CHB. The activity of caspase-8 increased in that process, and it may participate in the transduction of apoptosis signal. Serum HBV DNA level was related with the apoptosis rate of PBMC and the activity of caspase-8, and it may be one of the reasons of apoptosis in PBMC.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Urticaria ; therapy ; Young Adult

The clinical data of 118 patients with bacterial liver abscess admitted to a tertiary hospital from January 2007 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively.Etiology study showed that 45.8％(54/118) cases of bacterial liver abscess were cryptogenic,40.7％ (48/118) were biliary source and 13.5％ (16/118) were hematogenous.The positive rate of pus culture was 57.1％ (36/63),among which klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 72.2％ (26/36).The positive rate of blood culture was 31.2％(20/64) and klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 95％ (19/20).One hundred and sixteen patients (98.3％) underwent color ultrasound examination with an accuracy rate of 93.2％.84 patients (71.2％)underwent the CT scan with an accuracy rate of 95.3％ and 20 patients underwent MRI with an accuracy rate of 85％.Seventy five patients (63.6％)accepted ultrasound-guided percutaneous aspiration and catheter drainage combined with antibiotic therapy; 40 patients(33.9％)were treated with antibiotics alone.On the discharge 27 patients(22.9％) achieved clinical cure,87 patients (73.7％) were classified as effective,4 patients (3.4％) had no effect and no death in this group of patients.The average length of hospital stay was 16 days.Cryptogenic was the most common cause of bacterial liver abscess,biliary source took the second place.Kleibsiella pneumoniae was the predominant organism.Detailed medical history inquiry,physical examination and assistant examination may increase the accuracy rate of diagnosis.Needle biopsy should be performed if necessary.Ultrasound-guided percutaneous aspiration and catheter drainage combined with antibiotics should be the first-line treatment.

Liver carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was studied in 19 male albino rats under electron microscope. The effects of DEN on hepatocytes included following basic abnomalities:1. The characteristic features of the nucleus are irregulat in shape, increase of interchromatin granules, and decrease of nucleolus-associated chromatin. The nucleoli are enlarged, irregular in shape and showing remarkable deformity of nucleolonema.2. The characteristic features of the cytoplasm are as follows. The mitochondria increase or decrease in number and size, they are irregular in shape with some variation in cristal pattern. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) increases in the width of the lumina, detachment of some ribosomes from the membraneous component of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the appearance of concentric bodies of ER (RER concentric body or SER concentric body).3. The characteristic features of the cell membrane are the increase in the number of microvilli facing the Disses' space, the enlargement of bile canaliculi with increase or decrease in number of microvilli. Plasmalemma connecting between the adjacent hepatoma cells may be straight, wavelike or interdigitated.

Objective: To observe the biocompatibility of titanium implant surfaces using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Methods; Titanium implant surfaces were prepared by 3 different methods. Osteoblasts were seeded onto the titanium surfaces. The cells were investigated by LSCM. Results: The sand-blasted titanium surfaces showed the best biocompatibility. Conclusion; The biocompatibility of titanium implant surfaces depends on the surface preparation method.

Objective:To have a research and application on management system of cold chain facilities temperature control in the hospital and real-time monitor the temperature and humidity changes of cold-chain facilities.Methods: Based on RFID radio frequency, Internet of things and computer technology to realize the construction of the system hardware and software platform, through commissioning and case analysis for system improvement, the system was popularized and applied comprehensively.Results: After one year’s trial run, it showed that the system could accurately and effectively monitor the abnormal temperature and humidity of the hospital’s cold chain facilities and give the acousto-optic hint and remote alarm in time, effectively improving the management level of cold chain temperature control.Conclusion: The system could guarantee the fine management of the cold chain facilities temperature control, provide safe and traceable historical data, and put forward a new solution for building the quality and safety of cold chain facilities temperature control system.

Objective:To analyze the visualized citation of evidence in the research fields of clinical pharmacy. Methods: The visualized citation analysis tool HistCite was used, and science citation index-expanded core collections in Web of Science was applied to obtain the data. Biliometric analysis, citation analysis and visualization technology were used to investigate the number and year-dis-tribution, country and region, distribution of research institutions and core authors of the literatures in clinical pharmacy research fields. Results:During 2002 to 2013, the number of literatures of clinical pharmacy was increased year by year. The literatures were published mainly in 62 countries and regions, especially in the United States of America. The major research institutions were college of pharmacy in university. Conclusion: Over the past decade, the research on clinical pharmacy is increased rapidly. The software HistCite can reveal the development track of clinical pharmacy research fields quickly and visually.