Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth malignant tumor in the world.Most patients who have been diagnosed have been in advanced stage,so mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma is thirdly in malignant tumor of digestive cancers.The effective tumor marks are the main method of early diagnosis or treatment and raising survival rate.This articles reviewed the several tumor marks which have been found in the past few years.

Heart failure is one of the most common acute and critical disease in pediatric,early diagnosis of diseases is an important cli-nical value.The current study found that brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)is a peptide hormone,which is secreted mainly by ventricle and may reflect the state of cardiac function;BNP level of detection is contributive to the diagnosis,treatment of heart failure,etc.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2009,24(1):64-66

Objective To evaluate effects of human papilloma virus(HPV)16E7 on expressions of six tumor suppressor genes(including MT1G, NMES1, RRAD, SFRP1, SPARC and TFPI2)in a cell line SiHa, as well as on its proliferation and apoptosis. Methods SiHa cells were divided into two groups to be transfected with a small interfering RNA targeting HPV16E7(E7SiRNA, experimental group)and an empty vehicle(negative control group) respectively, with SiHa cells receiving no treatment serving as the blank control group. After 48 hours, qPCR was performed to measure the mRNA expressions of E7 and six tumor suppressor genes, CCK?8 assay to evaluate cellular proliferative activity, and flow cytometry to assess apoptosis of SiHa cells. Results At 48 hours after the transfection, the experimental group showed significantly decreased E7 mRNA expression(0.25 ± 0.036, P<0.05), but increased mRNA expressions of the six genes(MT1G 1.403 ± 0.190, NMES1 1.720 ± 0.060, RRAD 1.390 ± 0.160, SFRP1 1.493 ± 0.120, SPARC 2.157 ± 0.144, TFPI2 2.060 ± 0.122, all P < 0.05). The proliferative activity of SiHa cells was significantly decreased(0.554 ± 0.130 vs. 1.028 ± 0.236 and 1.220 ± 0.126, both P<0.05), but the apoptosis rate was significantly increased(9.222%vs. 0.246%and 0.123%, both P<0.05)in the experimental group compared with the negative control group and blank control group. No significant differences were observed between the negative control group and blank control group in proliferative activity or apoptosis rate of SiHa cells(both P>0.05). Conclusion E7 may participate in HPV16?induced cellular malignant transformation by suppressing the mRNA expressions of 6 tumor suppressor genes, including MT1G, NMES1, RRAD, SFRP1, SPAR and TFPI2.

Background Wearing of soft contact lens,as one of the important methods to correct ametropia,has been widely applied at present.The clinically deleterious effects of soft contact lens have been reported,but researches about influence of apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells are scant.Objective This study was to detect and compare the ratio of apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells between the patients with contact lens wearing and without contact lens wearing,and explore the influence of soft contact lens wearing for long term on growth of corneal epithelial cells after injury.Methods A retrospective nest case-controlled study was designed.Forty eyes of 20 myopic patients with wearing of soft contact lens for ≥5 years and 40 eyes of 20 myopic patients without wearing of soft contact lens were included in Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College.All the patients received the off-flap epipolis laser in situ keratomileusis (Epi-LASIK) from 2010 October to 2011 June.The corneal flaps were collected during the surgery.The apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells was detected by flow cytometry(FCM),and the difference of apoptotic proportion between the two groups was compared using independent sample t test.Results The FCM scatter plot showed that compared to the without contact lens wearing group,the early stage of apoptotic cells with high staining annexin V and low staining proaium iodide (PI) were much more,and survival cells with low staining annexin V and PI were less,and necrotic and late stage of apoptotic cells with high staining of annexin V/PI were more in the with contact lens wearing group.The early stage of apoptosis proportion of corneal epithelial cells was (11.23 ± 5.31)％ in the with contact lens wearing group,and that in the without contact lens wearing group was (7.31± 5.43)％,showing a significant difference between them (t=2.754,P=0.008).Conclusions A long term wearing of contact lens induce more apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells,which can result in a disorder of structure and function of ocular surface during the wound healing stage.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effects and characteristics of intravitreal injection with bevacizumab on laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV).Methods Twelve male brown norway (BN) rats were divided into the bevacizumab group and control group with six rats in each group.One eye of rats were received a series of 8 diode laser esions around optic disc to induce CNV,then the rats in bevacizumab group and control group underwent intravitreal injection with 2 μl bevacizumab and ringer's lactate.On days 7,14,and 21,the morphology and leakage of CNV were observed by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).On day 21 after photocoagulation,thephotocoagulated eyes were enucleated and processed for histopathologie examination,including hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry staining for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Results On day 7 after photocoagulation,ICGA showed that CNV developed in the bevacizumab group and the control group.FFA showed that leakage intensity in the bevacizumab group was significantly lower than that in the control group,but the bevacizumab group gradually increased over time.The mean thickness of CNV significantly decreased in the bevacizumab group.The CNV in the bevacizumab group were negative for VEGF according to the result of immmuohistochemistry staining.Conclusions Early intravitreal injection with 2 μl bevacizumab can reduce the thickness of CNV and inhibit the leakage of CNV.However,bevacizumab could neither block the formation of CNV,nor suppress the permeability permanently.Combined other therapies with bevacizumab may be more potential to treat CNV effectively.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopitotal mesorectal excision (TME) with sphincter-preservation in the treatmenof low rectal cancerby using metanalysi.MethodThe electronidatabase(PubMed ,Medline ,Ov-id ,Cochrane Library ,Controlled TrialRegistry ,SinoMedCBM ,Wanfang Dat,CNKI ,VIP ,eal) were retrieved .The related litera-tureon the randomized controlled trail(RCTs) and the non-randomized controlled trails(non-RCTs) comparing laparoscopiver-sulaparotomy TME with sphincter-preservation fotreating low rectal cancepublished from January 2001 to Octobe2012 were collected .The RevMan5 .2 software waused to conducthe metanalysi.ResultTwelve studieincluding 1 508 patientwere included ,in which the laparoscopigroup had 781 caseand the laparotomy group had 727 case.The metanalysiresultshowed thacompared with the laparotomy group ,the laparoscopiTME(LTME) group with sphincter-preservation had significantly lesestimated blood loss[mean difference(MD)= -67 .13 ,95% confidence interval(CI) (-78 .74 ,-55 .51) ,P＜0 .01] ,longedistal resection margins[MD=0 .15 ,95% CI(0 .01 ,0 .29) ,P= 0 .04] ,earlieintestinal functional recovery [MD= -1 .16 ,95% CI (-1 .32 ,-1 .01) ,P＜0 .01] ,shortehospital stay [MD= -3 .99 ,95% CI (-5 .36 ,-2 .63) ,P＜0 .01) ,lestotal morbidity [oddratio(OR)=0 .40 ,95% CI (0 .25 ,0 .63) ,P＜0 .01] ,anastomotileakage[OR=0 .60 ,95% CI (0 .37 ,0 .96) ,P=0 .03] ,urinary re-tention[OR=0 .40 ,95% CI(0 .18 ,0 .87) ,P=0 .02] and incision infection[OR=0 .26 ,95% CI(0 .11 ,0 .61) ,P=0 .002] .The statis-tically significandifferencewere nofound between the two groupin the numbeof lymph node dissection,length of resected specimen ,postoperative obstruction and the 2-yeaoverall survival rate(P＞0 .05) .Conclusion LTME with sphincter-preservation fotreating low rectal cancehathe advantageof lessurgical traum,rapid postoperative recovery and few complication.Never-theles,iineeded to conducfurtheresearch fovalidating whetheLTME with sphincter-preservation having the superiority in the aspectof postoperative anal function recovery and long-term outcome .

Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome (LUFS), a specific type of ovulation disorder, is for a cause of female infertility. Acupuncture therapy has a good effect for LUFS. In order to understand the clinical effects and research situation of acupuncture therapy for LUFS, the author analyzed and reviewed the relevant literature. It was indicated by the findings that acupuncture therapy and integrative therapy of acupuncture and Chinese herbs have good therapeutic effect for this disease. Acupuncture therapy has the effect to promote ovulation. By the therapeutic principle to tonify the kidney and circulate blood, acupuncture therapy mostly was adopted in the period of ovulation. The acupoints are mostly selected from the lower abdomen and lower limbs, possibly based upon syndrome differentiation at the same time. The needling techniques are of certain characteristics. But, the issues of low quality, un-standardized inclusive, exclusive criteria and effective criteria still exist in the current clinical study.

Objective To explore the role of apelin in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.Methods A total of one hundred and fourteen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from July 2015 to June 2016 were divided into normal albuminuria group (56 cases in the NA group) and micro-albuminuria group (58 cases in the MA group),depending on whether the level of urinary micro-albumin in 24 h was higher than 30 mg,with 60 healthy subjects included as the controls group (NC group).Levels of serum apelin and other biochemical indexes were tested.Results (1) WC,BMI,TC,TG,LDL-C,FBG,FINS,HOMA-IR and apelin in the patients of the NA group and MA group were respectively (87.99±10.27) cm,(24.75±3.35) kg/m2,(5.27±1.28) mmol/L,(1.84±1.25) mmol/L,(3.36±0.91) mmol/L,(7.58±0.87) mmol/L,(13.29±3.57) U/L,4.50±1.41,(364.22±85.03) ng/L ,(90.10±8.97) cm,(25.47±2.82) kg/m2,(5.19±1.11) mmol/L,(2.23±1.43) mmol/L,(3.68±0.83) mmol/L,(7.89±1.11) mmol/L,(15.50±5.00) U/L,5.55±2.27,(397.42±91.29) ng/L,which were higher than those of the NC group ((83.20±5.36) cm,(22.59±2.67) kg/m2,(4.68±1.10) mmol/L,(1.37±0.58) mmol/L,(2.56±0.94) mmol/L,(5.11±0.82) mmol/L,(7.17±2.80) U/L,1.65±0.77,(309.34±68.28) ng/L,P<0.05).FINS,HOMA-IR and apelin in the MA group were significantly higher than those in the NA group (P<0.05).(2) After age,sex and BMI were taken into control,partial correlate analysis showed that serum apelin was positively correlated with LDL-C,FPG,FINS and HOMA-IR (r=0.183,0.314,0.374,0.378,P<0.05).(3) Multifactor regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR and BMI were independent related factors to serum apelin (r2=0.288,0.389,P<0.05).Conclusion Apelin levels in the MA group were significantly higher than those in the NA group,and the serum apelin was positively correlated with HOMA-IR.Thus,apelin may contribute to the pathogenesis and progress of diabetic nephropathy.

Allergic rhinitis is a common disease, which was released by the IgE-mediated atopic individuals exposed to allergens in the earlier researches. However, there are variety of immunocompetent cells and cytokines involved in the nasal mucosa immunologic mechanism in nowadays researches. The mechanism of AR is caused by the imbalance of the Th1/Th2, a kind of allergic inflammation who is characterized by the nasal Th2 immune response dominant. Th1 cells mainly produce of IFN-gamma (does not include IL-4 and IL-5), Th2 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 (not including IFN-gamma). Recently it was found that regulatory T cells (T regulatory cells, Treg) and Th17 cell research played a crucial role in the occurrence of allergic inflammation.
Cytokines ; immunology ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; immunology ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

Craniocervical unstability may cause severe motor and respiratory compromise due to recurrent upper spinal cord and/or brain stem impingement.In recent years,by improving internal fixation materials and surgical techniques,the methods of surgical treatment of craniocervical unstability has made great progress.With the appearance of these new surgery and internal fixation methods,the successful rate and safety of the operation obviously increased and the complications was reduced greatly.We reviewed the surgery methods for craniocervical unstability in this article.