Infantile spasms is a type of refractory epilepsy syndrome.This epilepsy syndrome is characterized by special tonic spasms,a peculiar set of electroencephalographic findings termed hypsarrhythmia,and arrest of psychomotor development in most patients.The etiology is not clearly understood.Recently,mutations of the arista less related homeobox gene(ARX),cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5(CDKL5)/se-rine/threonine kinase 9 gene(STK9),membrane associated guanylate kinase 2 gene(MAGI2),et al,and abnormal chromosome had been found to be responsible for infantile spasms.In this review,progress of infantile spasms in molecular genetics are discussed.

This aticle introduced the process of Botulinum toxin from toxin to drug, as well as the application in Spastic Cerebral Palsy such as dose, therapeutic estimation and side-effect etc.

Objective To explore the application of hysteroscopy in assisted reproduction. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on results of routine hysteroscopy in 150 cases of infertile women scheduled for assisted reproduction.Results Among the 150 cases,abnormal hysteroscopic findings were identified in 47 cases(31%),including endometrial polyps in 18 cases(12%),endometrial hyperplasia in 17 cases(11%),uterine deformity in 7 cases(5%),uterine adhesion and stenosis in 3 cases(2%),endometrial tuberculosis in 1 case(0.7%),and submucous myoma or adenomyoma in 1 case(0.7%).To think of hysteroscopic findings as the standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predicted rate,negative predicted rate,and accuracy were 66%(31/47),98%(101/103),94%(31/33),86%(101/117),and 88%(132/150) for transvaginal ultrasonography,respectively,and were 26%(12/47),100%(95/95),100%(12/12),73%(95/130),and 75%(107/142) for uterophotography,respectively.Conclusions Hysteroscopy is a simple and reliable way to explore the uterine cavity.It may be selected as a routine examination before assisted reproduction.

Objective To present the means of localizing the kidney with ectopic ureter in order to provide the reliable ground for surgical strategy. Methods Clinical manifestation study,IVU,SPECT imaging and cystoscopy were conducted.All the 58 patints are female with a mean age of 3.4 years.According to the creteria presented in reference,5 were type Ⅰ,42 type Ⅲ,1 type Ⅳ,8 type Ⅴ and 2 type Ⅵ. Results Operative finding revealed the accurate localization and diagnosis rate of IVU has been 95%(40/42) in type Ⅲ ectopic ureter,B-ultrasonograph 27%(12/53),SPECT 37%(6/16).With the combined consideration of imaging procedures and cystoscopy,the accurate localization and diagnosis rate has been 98%(57/58). Conclusions Combined use of imaging procedures and cystoscopy would improve the localization and diagnosis rate.Cystoscopy is the most reliable except in type Ⅲ ectopic ureter.

Blast Injuries ; Deafness ; etiology ; Humans

Objective To study the effect of purslane decoction on oxidative stress products and soluble protein of senile cataract patients tears.Methods 120 cases of cataract patients (160 eyes) were selected, according to different drugs were randomly assigned to two groups.The control group were treated with Imidacloprid sinnock sodium drops eye drops, 1 drop each time, 4 times per day,the patients in the experimental group on the basis of the control group with Portulaca oleracea decoction 100 mL, for three consecutive months.SOD, MDA, soluble protein level and visual improvement were compared after the end of treatment.Results Compared with control group, the visual acuity of the experimental group was higher(P<0.05), MDA was lower, SOD was higher(P<0.05), soluble protein content was higher(P<0.05).Conclusion Portulaca oleracea decoction can apparently improve the cataract patients with tear of SOD, MDA, soluble protein level and improve visual acuity.

Child ; Encephalitis, Viral ; pathology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; complications ; Heart Failure ; etiology ; Humans ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; etiology

AIM: To explore the molecular mechanism of Radix Ophioponis against vascular endothelial cell (VEC) apoptosis induced by LPS. METHODS: The apoptosis of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells(HUVEC) was induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). The influence of Radix Ophiopogonis on the expression of bcl-2 and intracellular Ca 2+ was detected by flow cytometry and laser confocal microscope. RESULTS: The serum containing Radix Ophiopogonis suppressed the increase in bcl-2 expression and overloading of Ca 2+ induced by LPS in HUVEC.CONCLUSION: The mechanism of Radix Ophiopogonis against HUVEC apotosis may be related with its regulatory effect on bcl-2 expression and remission of Ca 2+ overloading.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of spiral CT head and neck angiography on carotid artery stenosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods:A total of 60 patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI),who were treated in Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University from January 2014 to January 2016,were selected as observation group,and 60 patients with non-acute cerebral infarction,as control group.The two groups of patients underwent spiral CT head and neck angiography.The degrees of carotid artery stenosis and the distribution of vascular plaques were compared between the two groups.The diagnostic value of spiral CT head and neck angiography in the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis of the patients with ACI was evaluated.Results:The detection rates of mild and moderate stenosis in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05),while the detection rates of severe stenosis and occlusion had no significant difference compared with the control group (P＞0.05).The total detection rate of stenosis in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05).There were plaques detected in the carotid bifurcation,common carotid artery,internal carotid artery and external carotid artery in the two groups.The total detection rate (69.4％) of the observation group was significantly higher than that (41.2％) of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Application of 128-slice spiral CT can effectively assess the head and neck angiography on carotid artery stenosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction.This method has a higher detection rate from mild to moderate stenosis and bilateral carotid artery plaques in the patients with ACI,and it has application value in the clinical diagnosis and prognosis.

[ Abstract] Ischemic brain injury is closely associated w ith oxidative stress, neuron loss, and inflammatory reaction. The thioredoxin system is an important antioxidant system in human body. It plays the important roles in the process of fighting against oxidative stress damage, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation. In recent years, the roles of thioredoxin system in cerebral ischemia have attracted more and more attention. This article review s the roles of thioredoxin in cerebral ischemia.