The aim of this study was to determine whether viral type HPV-6 and HPV-11 could have influence on the clinical course of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children. The detection of viral typing, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on papilloma biopsies of 36 patients at ENT Hospital HCM City from 3/2000 to 3/2004. HPV-6 was detected in 17 patient's biopsies and HPV-11 in 19 biopsies. After the findings, patients infected by HPV-11 have more aggressive than patients infected by HPV-6 (73.7% vs 29.4%; p=0.008). Patients with HPV-11 have higher prevalence of tracheotomy and shorter interval time between two operations than patients with HPV-6
Papilloma ; Respiratory system ; epidemiology ; human papillomavirus 11 ; human papillomavirus 6

Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine is designed to prevent cervical cancer by preventing HPV infection of the uterine cervix. HPV vaccines are made of virus-like particles which are composed of L1 protein of viral coats. Two HPV vaccines have been developed. "Cervarix" is a bivalent vaccine which contains L1 protein of HPV 16 and HPV 18, and "Gardasil" is a quadrivalent vaccine which contained L1 protein of HPV 6 and HPV 11 in addition to HPV16 and HPV18. Clinical studies showed that both vaccines are highly effective to prevent cervical, vaginal and vulvar precancerous lesion in the population who are naive to HPV infection. Furthermore quadrivalent vaccine showed high efficacy to prevent genital warts. Efficacy of the vaccine decreased in total population who included both HPV-naive and HPV-infected people. Both vaccines demonstrated immune responses and immune memory up to 5 years. Safety studies showed no demonstrable major adverse reaction. From the public health standpoint, HPV vaccine is an important vaccine for young adolescent girls who have not begun sexual activities. Efficacy for mid-aged women needs more evidence based on pathology-based efficacy studies.
Adolescent ; Cervix Uteri ; Condylomata Acuminata ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans ; Memory ; Papilloma ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Public Health ; Sexual Behavior ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccines ; Viruses

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes virtually all cases of cervical cancer, the second most common cause of death from cancer among women worldwide. The ability to generate human papillomavirus virus (HPV)-like particles by the synthesis and self-assembly in vitro of the major virus capsid protein L1 has transformed our prospects for preventing cervical carcinoma in women. These particles provide vaccines that are immunogenic and safe. Following preclinical research by laboratories in the nonprofit sector, Merck and GlaxoSmithKline are developing commercial versions of the vaccine. Both vaccines target HPV-16 and HPV-18, which account for approximately 70% of cervical cancer. The Merck vaccine also targets HPV-6 and HPV-11, which account for approximately 90% of external genital warts. Published data from proof of principle trials and preliminary reports from large Phase III efficacy trials suggest strongly that they will protect against persistent HPV infection and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia. However, the duration of protection provided by these vaccines is not known, the antibody responses induced are probably HPV type specific and immunisation should occur pre-exposure to the virus. Unresolved issues also include the most critical groups to vaccinate and when the vaccine's cost may be low enough for widespread implementation in the developing world, where 80% of cervical cancer occurs. Nevertheless, it may be that an HPV vaccine that protects against the complications of HPV infection such as cervical cancer will be one of the most significant public health initiatives of this decade.
Antibody Formation ; Capsid Proteins ; Cause of Death ; Condylomata Acuminata ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans* ; Papillomavirus Vaccines* ; Public Health ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccines

The necessary role of genital infection by specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer development provides an opportunity to reduce the risk of cervical cancer, a second leading cancer in women, through prophylactic vaccination. Two types of vaccines targeting HPV 16 and 18 which are responsible for about 70% of all cervical cancer worldwide have been developed: a quadrivalent vaccine (Gardasil?) and a bivalent vaccine (Cervarix?). Gardasil also targets HPV 6 and 11 causing 90% of genital wart. Both two vaccines contain virus-like particles composed of L1 protein of viral capsid and do not exert infectivity. HPV vaccines were highly effective in preventing persistent infection by vaccine specific type HPV in young women who have not been previously exposed to them. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials have provided evidence that HPV vaccines have high efficacy against cervical precancerous lesion in young women irrespective of baseline HPV infection status. However, HPV vaccines neither treat existing HPV infections nor provide protection against all types of HPV related with cervical cancer. Therefore, even vaccinated females should take cervical cancer screening as recommended. Gardasil has been tested mainly in 9~26 years old females and Cervarix in 15~25 years old. Current recommendation for vaccination age is 9~26 years for Gardasil and 10~25 years for Cervarix, considering sexual debut and previous clinical trials. There are plenty of remaining issues regarding HPV vaccination such as vaccine efficacy in older women and in males, cost-effectiveness, duration of protection, cross-protection, potential replacement infection, and vaccine compatibility.
Cancer Vaccines ; Capsid ; Condylomata Acuminata ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18

We report the case of a 23-year-old woman who developed bowenoid papulosis of the vulva and subsequent periungual Bowen's disease. She had a history of a long standing periungual wart on her right thumb before the outbreak of periungual Bowen's disease. By HPV DNA chip, human papillomavirus (HPV) 11, 18 and 31 were identified from the periungual lesions, and HPV 11, 18 and 33 from the vulvar lesion. This case supports the theory of anogenital-digital spread of HPV, and proposes that the periungual wart may change into Bowen's disease by mucosal HPVs. To the best of our knowledge, this case is important as the first Korean case of periungual Bowen's disease concurrent with bowenoid papulosis of the vulva.
Bowen's Disease ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Thumb ; Vulva ; Warts ; Young Adult

We report a case of cutaneous horn originated frorn condyloma acuminata in a 25 year-old man. The patient showed yellowish brown hyperkeratotic masses on the prepuce, coronal sulcus and multiple asymptomatic pinkish cauliflower-like projections in both inguinal folds and perianal area. Skin biopsies were taken from the base of the penile lesions andinguinal, perianal area exhibited marked hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis in addition to the typical findings of condylorna acuminaturn. In situ hybridization technique for Human papilloma virus(HPV) showed positive reaction to HPV 11. All lesions were removed by surgical excision, electrocauterization and podophyllin application, but condyloma acuminatum recurred several times thereafter.
Adult ; Animals ; Biopsy ; Horns* ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Papilloma ; Parakeratosis ; Podophyllin ; Skin

OBJECTIVETo compare the effectiveness of immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in detecting human papilloma virus (HPV) in condyloma acuminata (CA).

METHODSHPVs in CA tissues from 60 patients were detected by immunofluorescence and PCR, respectively. Different subtypes of HPVs were also identified with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).

RESULTSThe positive detective rates of immunofluorescence and PCR were 56.67% (34/60) and 96.67% (58/ 60), respectively (P < 0.01). RFLP results showed HPV6 and HPV11 were the main subtypes in the detected virus, which accounted for 98.28%.

CONCLUSIONThe sensibility of PCR is superior to that of immunofluorescence.

Condylomata Acuminata ; virology ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

BACKGROUND: The PANA RealTyper HPV kit (PANAGENE, Korea; PANA RealTyper) was developed to genotype human papillomavirus (HPV) and was based on multiplex real-time PCR amplification and melting curve analysis. In this study, we compared PANA RealTyper to the AdvanSure HPV GenoBlot assay (LG Life Sciences, Korea; AdvanSure assay) and attempted to evaluate the performance of PANA RealTyper. METHODS: A total of 60 cervical specimens were collected from women undergoing routine cervical cancer screening. The AdvanSure assay and PANA RealTyper kit identified the same 20 high-risk genotypes. However, the AdvanSure assay identified 15 low-risk genotypes, while the PANA RealTyper kit identified only 2 but detected 18 low-risk genotypes. RESULTS: Among the total 60 specimens, 54 high-risk genotypes (40 specimens) and 20 low-risk genotypes (18 specimens) were detected. The agreement rates of the assays ranged from 94.4 to 100% for high-risk genotypes. Among 9 genotypes that were positive in the PANA RealTyper kit but negative in the AdvanSure assay, 7 were confirmed as true positive (HPV genotypes 16 (n=1), 39 (n=1), 52 (n=1), 58 (n=2), 68 (n=2)). Among 4 genotypes that were negative in the PANA RealTyper kit but positive in the AdvanSure assay, 3 were confirmed as HPV genotype 59. Among the 19 low-risk genotypes positive in the AdvanSure assay, there were 2 cases of HPV 6 and 1 case of HPV 11. In comparison, only 1 positive case of HPV 6 was determined by the PANA RealTyper kit. CONCLUSION: The PANA RealTyper kit was comparable with the AdvanSure assay. The PANA RealTyper kit would be useful and suitable for HPV genotyping in the clinical laboratory.
Biological Science Disciplines ; Female ; Freezing ; Genotype ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans* ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo determine the different rates of human papillomavirus types 6 (HPV-6) and 11 (HPV-11) infection in biopsy samples from pointed condyloma patients, and to construct prokaryotic expression system of the major capsid protein L1 of the virus so as to establish an ELISA for detecting the expression of L1 gene in the biopsy samples.

METHODSUsing a double PCR based on the L1 gene of HPV-6 and HPV-11, the infection rates of HPV-6 and HPV-11 in the biopsy samples were determined. The whole length of HPV-6 L1 gene was amplified using PCR and the target amplification fragment was sequenced after T-A cloning. The prokaryotic expression system pET32a-L1-E. coli BL21 (DE3) was constructed and SDS-PAGE was used to measure the expression of the target recombinant protein rL1. Rabbit anti-rL1 serum was prepared and immuno-diffusion assay was applied to examine the antiserum titer. ELISA was established to detect the expression of L1 gene in the biopsy samples.

RESULTSIn the biopsy samples from 116 pointed condyloma patients, 92.2% (107/116) were detectable for HPV-6 and/or HPV-11. Of the 107 positive samples, 70.1% (75/107) and 23.4% (25/107) were positive for HPV-6 or HPV-11 alone and 6.5% (7/107) were coinfected with both HPV-6 and HPV-11 respectively. When compared with the reported corresponding sequences, the homology of nucleotide and sequence of the cloned HPV-6 L1 gene was from 99.20% - 99.93% while its putative amino acid sequence homology was from 99.80% - 100%, suggesting IPTG could induce the expression of rL1. The immuno-diffusion titer of the rabbit anti-rL1 serum was 1:4. 88.8% (103/116) of the biopsy samples were the major capsid protein L1 detectable.

CONCLUSIONA prokaryotic expression system of HPV-6 L1 gene, a double PCR assay for HPV-6 and HPV-11 genotyping, and an ELISA assay for detecting the major capsid protein L1 were successfully established in this study. The pointed condyloma patients in Zhejiang area mainly infected with HPV-6. The HPV in the focus frequently expressed major capsid protein L1.

Animals ; Biopsy ; Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; Condylomata Acuminata ; pathology ; virology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Papillomavirus Infections ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rabbits ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the Human papilloma viral types 6 and 11 in a large pediatric population in XinJiang and the different expression in chinese and uyghur pediatric population. METHOD: Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we analyzed paraffin embedded tissue in 42 cases of juvenile Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (JRRP)and determined the HPV types 6 and 11, and to correlate these results with retrospectively analysis about those cases who were consecutively treated in our ENT department, meanwhile we carry out a critical review of the literature of JRRP. RESULT: A total HPV infection positive rate was 97.61% (41/42), and HPV11 positive rate was 63.41% (41/26), HPV6 positive rate was 36.58% (41/15). In uyghur patient HPV11 positive rate was 65.38% (17/26), HPV6 positive rate was53. 33% (8/15). in Chince patient HPV11 positive rate was 34.61% (9/26), HPV6 positive rate was 46.67% (7/15). CONCLUSION Juvenile laryngeal papilloma is associated with HPV11, HPV6 infection and we considered that HPV11 infection may be the important guideline of the evaluation of disease prognosis. but no statistical signtificance was determined in the patients of various ethnic groups in Xin jiang (P > 0.05).
Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Papilloma ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Retrospective Studies