Crude extracts of soybean (SBA) was prepared by steeping of the bean in normal saline and precipitating with ammonium sulfate. This extract was used to fractionate spleen hematopoietec cells and immunogenic cells. Groups of mice received irradiation of 850 rads. The survival rate of control group was 1/20. while that of mice in which SBA fractionated allogeneic splenic cells were transplanted was 13/19. and transplantation of non-fractionated splenic cells only yielded a survival of 4/20 by the end of 30 days. The mean survival time of animals receiving spleen cell agglutinated by SBA was 27.0?7.5 days. that of hemogenous spleen cell 21.6?7.5 days. and the control 9.2?6.2 days.In vitro, the spleen cells agglutinated once by SBA could eliminate 82.2% of T cells, and those agglutinated twice by SBA could eliminate 93.1% of T cells. The cytotoxic index was greatly reduced after two agglutinations by SBA. Using agar diffusion chamber method, the production rate of colonies of granulopoietic stem cells among spleen cells was determined. It was found that CFU-C/105 of the SBA agglutinated fraction of spleen cell was enhanced 2.8-fold over that of non-agglutinated fraction.Our preliminary result demonstrated that crude SBA can fractionate hematopoietic cells, which in turn became capable of eliminating immunogenic cells and raise the survival rate of irradiated mice, as efficiently as pure SBA.

Objective To explore the clinical value of the immune rate nephelometry (IRN)in detecting the rate of serum ? and ?,and diagnosing multiple myeloma.Methods Twenty-five cases of multiple myeloma (MM),28 cases of M protein sickness and 120 cases of healthy people were detected for the rate of serum ?/? by the Immage Protein Machine the results were analyzed.Results 0.8% of healthy people was positive, the positive rate of ? and ? type M protein sickness were 23.1% and 26.7% respectively, the positive rate of ? and ? type multiple myeloma was 92.3% and 100% respectively. Conclusion The method of IRN has high sensitivity and stability in detecting the light chain of serum ? and ? on/with the Immage Protein Machine.The accuracy value of prognosing MM with the rate of serum ? and ? is better.

Acute Lung Injury ; therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; therapy

AIM:To select an efficient way of promoting induced pluripotent stem cells ( iPSC) to differentiate into neural stem cells (NSC) by comparing 2 methods.METHODS:The culture system in method A contained SB431542 (5 mmol/L) and drosomophorin (5 mmol/L) with 100%initial cell density, while that in method B contained SB431542 (5 mmol/L) and drosomophorin (1 mmol/L) with 30%~50% initial cell density.For comparison and identification of the 2 methods, the growth state was observed under microscope , and the expression of Pax6, nestin, Sox1 and Sox2 was quantitatively detected by real-time PCR and flow cytometry .The related protein expression and the ability of spontaneous differentiation were determined by immunofluorescence analysis .RESULTS: The cells derived from method A with 5 mmol/L of SB431542 and drosomophorin and 100% initial cell density achieved the higher expression of Pax 6, nestin, Sox1 and Sox2.The growth state was better and the cells differentiated into neurons and astrocytes normally .CONCLU-SION:The method A was superior to method B , and we recommend the method A with 5 mmol/L of SB431542 and droso-mophorin and 100%initial cell density as the method for differentiating NSC .

Objective: To investigate the influence of astragalosides (AST) and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) combination on oxidative stress of brain tissues in C57BL/6 mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: Eighty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, untreated group, high-dose combination group (AST at a dose of 220 mg/kg plus PNS at a dose of 230 mg/kg), medium-dose combination group (AST at a dose of 110 mg/kg plus PNS at a dose of 115 mg/kg), low-dose combination group (AST at a dose of 55 mg/kg plus PNS at a dose of 57.5 mg/kg), AST (110 mg/kg) group, PNS (115 mg/kg) group and edaravone (4 mg/kg) group. AST and PNS were administered by gavage once daily for 4 days and edaravone was administered by intraperitoneal injection twice daily for 4 days. On the fourth day, bilateral common carotid arteries were ligated for 20 minutes to induce cerebral ischemia, followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Ischemic brain tissue was used to prepare tissue homogenate, then contents of malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the homogenate were detected. Twoxtwo analysis of variance of factorial design was used to analyze whether there was an interaction between AST at 110 mg/kg and PNS at 115 mg/kg. Results: Compared with sham-operated group, contents of MDA and NO, and activity of NOS in the untreated group were remarkably increased (P<0.01), activity of SOD and content of GSH were decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the untreated group, content of MDA in the AST group was decreased (P<0.01) and activity of SOD was increased (P<0.01), however, contents of GSH and NO and activity of NOS had no obvious changes (P>0.05). Contents of MDA and NO in the PNS group was decreased as compared with the untreated group (P<0.01), but activities of SOD and NOS and content of GSH had no changes (P>0.05). Contents of MDA and NO and activity of NOS in brain tissues in the edaravone group were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and activity of SOD was increased (P<0.05), while content of GSH had no changes (P>0.05). Contents of MDA and NO and activity of NOS in brain tissue in the AST and PNS combination groups were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), the activity of SOD increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), the content of GSH increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and activity of SOD and content of GSH were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). The results of analysis of variance of factorial design showed that there were interactions between AST (110 mg/kg) and PNS (115 mg/kg) (P<0.01). Conclusion: Combination of AST (110 mg/kg) and PNS (115 mg/kg) has a restraint effect on the early oxidative stress injury in the brain after ischemia-reperfusion, and the combination has a synergistic or additive effect.

BACKGROUND:Clinical treatment of epicondyle fractures and intercondylar comminuted fractures is quite tricky due to instability and spread to the articular surface. Common complications contained bone delayed union, nonunion, broken nails and broken boards. Internal fixation for fractures is various, but reasonable choice for clinical fixation plays a decisive role for repair of fractures.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the repair effects of various fixation methods on femoral condyle fracture from different aspects such as fracture type, bone healing, functional recovery and biomechanics.
METHODS:First author searched PubMed database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for articles about various fixation methods in repair of femoral condyle fracture published from January 2000 to April 2014. Key words were“femoral condyle fracture, internal fixation, biomechanics, load-displacement, axial stiffness, horizontal shear stiffness”. Total y 142 articles were retrieved, but 39 articles met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Femoral condyle fracture caused the damage to normal anatomic structure of knee join, changed normal anatomical axis and the mechanical axis of knee joint. Therefore, anatomic reduction and rigid internal fixation are necessary. During treatment, the advantages and disadvantages of various fixation methods should be known. It is necessary to ful y evaluate the type of intercondylar fractures of the femoral condyle and soft tissue injury. According to biological characteristics of the human body and mechanical property, internal fixation device should be reasonably used. Individual treatment programs should be provided. Thus, the occurrence of postoperative complications should be reduced utmostly, resulting in a satisfactory repair outcome.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of genistein on psoralens plus ultraviolet A (PUVA)-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) in vitro.Methods Dermal fibroblasts were isolated from the foreskin of a healthy 5-year-old boy,and subjected to primary culture.After 5-8 passages of subculture,the fibroblasts were collected and used in the following experiment.To determine the optimal concentration of genistein,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was conducted to detect the proliferation of fibroblasts pretreated with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and various concentrations (0-20 μg/ml) of genistein for 24 hours followed by UVA irradiation.Then,the fibroblasts were divided into 3 groups:normal control group receiving no treatment,photoaging group incubated with 8-MOP for 24 hours followed by UVA irradiation,and genistein group incubated with both 8-MOP and genistein at the optimal concentration for 24 hours followed by UVA irradiation.After additional culture,invert microscopy was carried out to observe the morphology of fibroblasts,enzyme histochemistry to assess senescent cells by using SA-β-Gal kit,flow cytometry to determine the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS),real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR to detect the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression.One-way analysis of variance was conducted to assess the differences in these parameters among these groups.Results At 24 hours after UVA irradiation,the percentage of fibroblasts positive for SA-β-galactosidase was (0.67 ± 0.58)％,(96.67 ± 1.53)％ and (51.67 ± 2.08)％ in the normal control group,photoaging group and genistein group respectively,with significant differences among these groups (P ＜ 0.01).The level of ROS in the photoaging group and genistein group was (0.88 ± 0.24) and (0.62 ± 0.02) fold higher than that in the control group(both P ＜ 0.01).Moreover,the MMP-1 expression level in the photoaging group and genistein group was 10 times and 6 times that in the control group,respectively,with significant differences among the 3 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In vitro,genistein can protect against PUVA-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts to some extent.

Objective:To discuss the relationship between blood-lipid change and acute cerebrovascular disease (ACVD) and tocompare the blood-lipid levels in the patients with cerebral hemorrhage (CH group) with those in the patients with cerebralinfarction (CI group). Methods:The blood-lipid levels in 300 patients with ACVD (ACVD group) and 100 patients withother system disease (control group) were tested with automatic biochemistry analysor and compared between the twogroups. Results:There were significant differences between ACVD group and control group as well as between CH group andCI group. Conclusion:Although there were blood-lipid metabolic disturbances in both CH and CI patients, their degrees weresignificantly different, which should be closely observed and controlled in clinic.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of exhalation valve location as well as its type on carbon dioxide (CO2) rebreathing during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV).Methods With a standardized NPPV experimental model system, the exhalation valve was respectively installed between the ventilator tube and mask (positionⅠ), or on the mask (positionⅡ). This study included four groups according to the position and type of exhalation valve, namely: single-arch exhalation valve was installed on the positionⅠ (A group), and positionⅡ (C group, the distal end of single-arch exhalation valve was blocked); plateau exhalation valve was installed on the positionⅠ (B group) and positionⅡ (D group, the distal end of plateau exhalation valve was blocked). Under standard experimental condition, the pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) was monitored in the trachea or the mask through adjusting the expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP, EPAP was set at 5 cmH2O and 10 cmH2O, 1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa) and tidal volume (VT, VT was set at 300, 400, 500 mL). Leakage of exhalation valve was monitored when single-arch exhalation and plateau exhalation valves were respectively placed in the positionⅠ through adjusting the inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP at 5, 10, 15, 20 cmH2O respectively). Results① Under standard experimental condition, when EPAP was 5 cmH2O, PETCO2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) in the trachea was 69.6±3.4, 61.4±2.7, 54.8±1.5, 49.8±1.3 in A, B, C, D groups respectively; and it was 24.8±1.9, 21.8±1.6, 2.8±0.8, 1.8±0.8 in the mask, respectively. When EPAP was 10 cmH2O, the PETCO2 in the trachea was 64.2±3.6, 57.2±3.7, 48.8±2.6, 41.8±2.6 in A, B, C, and D groups respectively; and it was 23.0±1.6, 20.2±1.6, 2.2±0.8, 1.2±0.8 in the mask, respectively. For the same exhalation valve type, exhalation valve being installed on positionⅡ could induce significantly lower PETCO2 in the trachea and mask than that being installed on positionⅠ (allP< 0.05). For the same expiratory valve position, plateau exhalation valve produced significantly lower PETCO2 than single-arch valve (allP< 0.05).② As the VT increased, the PETCO2 in the trachea of each group was reduced obviously. When VT was 500 mL, PETCO2 (mmHg) was significantly lower than VT, which were 300 mL and 400 mL (A group: 51.4±2.7 vs. 72.8±2.9, 69.6±3.4; B group: 44.8±2.4 vs. 65.4±2.1, 61.4±2.7;C group: 36.8±1.9 vs. 59.0±1.6, 54.8±1.5; D group: 28.8±1.9 vs. 52.6±2.0, 49.8±1.3; allP< 0.05).③ When exhalation valve type was placed in positionⅠ, the air leakage of single-arch exhalation valve was increased to (15.8±1.9), (20.2±1.9), (23.8±2.8), (28.0±1.6) L/min, and the plateau exhalation valve was essentially unchanged to (24.2±1.6), (23.8±1.6), (25.2±1.6), (25.2±1.6) L/min as the IPAP was increased from 5, 10, 15, to 20 cmH2O. Conclusions Exhalation valve fixing on mask is more appropriate for CO2 discharge than that fixed on tube-mask valve. Plateau exhalation valve as well as moderately increasing VT is beneficial for CO2 discharge and CO2 rebreathing prevention.

Objective:To establish a method for the content uniformity ( CU) of fennel oil in Weitongning tablets to study the CU of fennel oil in Weitongning tablets. Methods: Methyl salicylate as the internal reference, the content of trans-anethole in fennel oil was determined by GC. The separation was performed on a DB-FFAP capillary column (30 m × 0. 32 mm, 0. 25 μm) at 145℃, the injection part temperature was 180℃ and the FID detector temperature was 230℃, nitrogen with high purity was used as the carrier gas at the flow rate of 0. 8 ml·min-1 . The air flow rate was 400 ml·min-1 and that of hydrogen was 35 ml·min-1 . The methodology validation was carried out, and the samples from different companies with different batches were determined. Results:Significant differ-ence showed in the CU of fennel oil in the samples with different batches from the same manufacturer or from different companies. The trans-anethole showed linear correlation within the range of 2. 189-35. 030 μg · ml-1 ( r =0. 999 9 ) and the average recovery was 100. 06% (RSD=0. 5%, n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple and quick. It is accurate in the CU determination of fennel oil and can be used for the quality control of Weitongning tablets.