Objective To explore the clinical value of the immune rate nephelometry (IRN)in detecting the rate of serum ? and ?,and diagnosing multiple myeloma.Methods Twenty-five cases of multiple myeloma (MM),28 cases of M protein sickness and 120 cases of healthy people were detected for the rate of serum ?/? by the Immage Protein Machine the results were analyzed.Results 0.8% of healthy people was positive, the positive rate of ? and ? type M protein sickness were 23.1% and 26.7% respectively, the positive rate of ? and ? type multiple myeloma was 92.3% and 100% respectively. Conclusion The method of IRN has high sensitivity and stability in detecting the light chain of serum ? and ? on/with the Immage Protein Machine.The accuracy value of prognosing MM with the rate of serum ? and ? is better.

Crude extracts of soybean (SBA) was prepared by steeping of the bean in normal saline and precipitating with ammonium sulfate. This extract was used to fractionate spleen hematopoietec cells and immunogenic cells. Groups of mice received irradiation of 850 rads. The survival rate of control group was 1/20. while that of mice in which SBA fractionated allogeneic splenic cells were transplanted was 13/19. and transplantation of non-fractionated splenic cells only yielded a survival of 4/20 by the end of 30 days. The mean survival time of animals receiving spleen cell agglutinated by SBA was 27.0?7.5 days. that of hemogenous spleen cell 21.6?7.5 days. and the control 9.2?6.2 days.In vitro, the spleen cells agglutinated once by SBA could eliminate 82.2% of T cells, and those agglutinated twice by SBA could eliminate 93.1% of T cells. The cytotoxic index was greatly reduced after two agglutinations by SBA. Using agar diffusion chamber method, the production rate of colonies of granulopoietic stem cells among spleen cells was determined. It was found that CFU-C/105 of the SBA agglutinated fraction of spleen cell was enhanced 2.8-fold over that of non-agglutinated fraction.Our preliminary result demonstrated that crude SBA can fractionate hematopoietic cells, which in turn became capable of eliminating immunogenic cells and raise the survival rate of irradiated mice, as efficiently as pure SBA.

Acute Lung Injury ; therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; therapy

For natural products are one of the important sources for drug discovery, libraries and databases of natural products are significant for the development and research of natural products. At present, most of compound libraries at abroad are synthetic or combinatorial synthetic molecules, resulting to access natural products difficult; for information of natural products are scattered with different standards, it is difficult to construct convenient, comprehensive and large-scale databases for natural products. This paper reviewed the status of current accessing libraries and databases for natural products at abroad and provided some important information for the development of libraries and database for natural products.
Animals ; Biological Products ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Internet

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of exhalation valve location as well as its type on carbon dioxide (CO2) rebreathing during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV).Methods With a standardized NPPV experimental model system, the exhalation valve was respectively installed between the ventilator tube and mask (positionⅠ), or on the mask (positionⅡ). This study included four groups according to the position and type of exhalation valve, namely: single-arch exhalation valve was installed on the positionⅠ (A group), and positionⅡ (C group, the distal end of single-arch exhalation valve was blocked); plateau exhalation valve was installed on the positionⅠ (B group) and positionⅡ (D group, the distal end of plateau exhalation valve was blocked). Under standard experimental condition, the pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) was monitored in the trachea or the mask through adjusting the expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP, EPAP was set at 5 cmH2O and 10 cmH2O, 1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa) and tidal volume (VT, VT was set at 300, 400, 500 mL). Leakage of exhalation valve was monitored when single-arch exhalation and plateau exhalation valves were respectively placed in the positionⅠ through adjusting the inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP at 5, 10, 15, 20 cmH2O respectively). Results① Under standard experimental condition, when EPAP was 5 cmH2O, PETCO2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) in the trachea was 69.6±3.4, 61.4±2.7, 54.8±1.5, 49.8±1.3 in A, B, C, D groups respectively; and it was 24.8±1.9, 21.8±1.6, 2.8±0.8, 1.8±0.8 in the mask, respectively. When EPAP was 10 cmH2O, the PETCO2 in the trachea was 64.2±3.6, 57.2±3.7, 48.8±2.6, 41.8±2.6 in A, B, C, and D groups respectively; and it was 23.0±1.6, 20.2±1.6, 2.2±0.8, 1.2±0.8 in the mask, respectively. For the same exhalation valve type, exhalation valve being installed on positionⅡ could induce significantly lower PETCO2 in the trachea and mask than that being installed on positionⅠ (allP< 0.05). For the same expiratory valve position, plateau exhalation valve produced significantly lower PETCO2 than single-arch valve (allP< 0.05).② As the VT increased, the PETCO2 in the trachea of each group was reduced obviously. When VT was 500 mL, PETCO2 (mmHg) was significantly lower than VT, which were 300 mL and 400 mL (A group: 51.4±2.7 vs. 72.8±2.9, 69.6±3.4; B group: 44.8±2.4 vs. 65.4±2.1, 61.4±2.7;C group: 36.8±1.9 vs. 59.0±1.6, 54.8±1.5; D group: 28.8±1.9 vs. 52.6±2.0, 49.8±1.3; allP< 0.05).③ When exhalation valve type was placed in positionⅠ, the air leakage of single-arch exhalation valve was increased to (15.8±1.9), (20.2±1.9), (23.8±2.8), (28.0±1.6) L/min, and the plateau exhalation valve was essentially unchanged to (24.2±1.6), (23.8±1.6), (25.2±1.6), (25.2±1.6) L/min as the IPAP was increased from 5, 10, 15, to 20 cmH2O. Conclusions Exhalation valve fixing on mask is more appropriate for CO2 discharge than that fixed on tube-mask valve. Plateau exhalation valve as well as moderately increasing VT is beneficial for CO2 discharge and CO2 rebreathing prevention.

Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Female ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; methods ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Physiological ; physiology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

Objective: To investigate the influence of astragalosides (AST) and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) combination on oxidative stress of brain tissues in C57BL/6 mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: Eighty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, untreated group, high-dose combination group (AST at a dose of 220 mg/kg plus PNS at a dose of 230 mg/kg), medium-dose combination group (AST at a dose of 110 mg/kg plus PNS at a dose of 115 mg/kg), low-dose combination group (AST at a dose of 55 mg/kg plus PNS at a dose of 57.5 mg/kg), AST (110 mg/kg) group, PNS (115 mg/kg) group and edaravone (4 mg/kg) group. AST and PNS were administered by gavage once daily for 4 days and edaravone was administered by intraperitoneal injection twice daily for 4 days. On the fourth day, bilateral common carotid arteries were ligated for 20 minutes to induce cerebral ischemia, followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Ischemic brain tissue was used to prepare tissue homogenate, then contents of malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the homogenate were detected. Twoxtwo analysis of variance of factorial design was used to analyze whether there was an interaction between AST at 110 mg/kg and PNS at 115 mg/kg. Results: Compared with sham-operated group, contents of MDA and NO, and activity of NOS in the untreated group were remarkably increased (P<0.01), activity of SOD and content of GSH were decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the untreated group, content of MDA in the AST group was decreased (P<0.01) and activity of SOD was increased (P<0.01), however, contents of GSH and NO and activity of NOS had no obvious changes (P>0.05). Contents of MDA and NO in the PNS group was decreased as compared with the untreated group (P<0.01), but activities of SOD and NOS and content of GSH had no changes (P>0.05). Contents of MDA and NO and activity of NOS in brain tissues in the edaravone group were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and activity of SOD was increased (P<0.05), while content of GSH had no changes (P>0.05). Contents of MDA and NO and activity of NOS in brain tissue in the AST and PNS combination groups were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), the activity of SOD increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), the content of GSH increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and activity of SOD and content of GSH were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). The results of analysis of variance of factorial design showed that there were interactions between AST (110 mg/kg) and PNS (115 mg/kg) (P<0.01). Conclusion: Combination of AST (110 mg/kg) and PNS (115 mg/kg) has a restraint effect on the early oxidative stress injury in the brain after ischemia-reperfusion, and the combination has a synergistic or additive effect.

Objective It has been shown that ketamine can effectively suppress expression of cell adhesion molecules in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ketamine on plasma adhesion molecules in vivo during cardiac valve replacement.Methods Twenty ASA Ⅲ-Ⅳ patients (7 males, 13 females) aged 23-65 yrs, weighing 31-77 kg undergoing cardiac valve replacement were randomly divided into two groups of 10 patients each : ketamine group received ketamine 2 mg?kg-1 i.v. before induction of anesthesia and at the start of CPB and control group received normal saline instead of ketamine. Blood samples were taken from radial artery for determination of plasma P-selectin, L-selectin, ICAM-1, IL-6 and cTnI concentrations before induction of anesthesia (T0 ,baseline) , 20 min after initiation of CPB (T1) , 30 min after aortic declamping (T2) 4 h and 24 h after CPB (T3, T4) . Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, weight, operation time, CPB time and aortic cross-clamping time. The concentrations of P-selectin, L-selectin, ICAM-1 and IL-6 at T1-4 and cTnI at T2-4 increased significantly compared to baseline (T0) in both groups ( P

Objective To compare the features of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) to differentiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). Methods It was analyzed of the MRI and EEG from 39 patients with AD and 56 patients with VD, to compare the proportion of cerebral atrophy, hippocampal atrophy and leukoaraiosis in MRI, and the proportion of the moderate to severe disorder of EEG and the power spectrum. Results The proportion of cerebral atrophy and hippocampal atrophy was more and leukoaraiosis was less in the AD group than those in the VD group. The proportion of the moderate to severe disorder of EEG increased in AD group, and the ratio of (θ+δ)/(α+β) of whole brain was more in the AD group than in the VD group (P<0.05). Conclusion It is more likely to be AD in dementia patients with atrophy without leukoaraiosis and cerebral ischemic lesions, especially for those with severe abnormal EEG.

Objective To investigate the incidence and its related factors of apathy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 100 consecutive cases of ischemic stroke patients and 50 health controls were recruited in the present study. Apathy was assessed using modified apathy evaluation scale (MAES). According to the MAES score, acute ischemic stroke patients were divided into apathy group (MAES was more than 14 points) and non-apathy group. The differences of general information, clinical data, national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), modified rankin scale (mRS) and the lesion location were compared between the two groups. Differences that showed statistical significance (P<0.05) went into the multi-factor analysis. The Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the influence factors of apathy. Results There were 34 cases of apathy in patient group (34.00%), which was significantly higher than those of control group (3 cases of apathy, 6.00%, P<0.001). The age, incidence of diabetes, NIHSS score, HAMD score, lesions in brain stem and multiple lesions were significantly higher in apathy group than that of non-apathy group, while educational level, MoCA score were significantly lower ( P<0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that the higher MoCA score was a protective factor for apathy, while higher NIHSS score, lesions in brain stem and multiple lesions were risk factors for the incidence apathy. Conclusion The cognitive impairment, severity of neurological deficits, brainstem lesions and multiple lesions may be the risk factors of apathy after the occurrence of acute ischemic stroke.