Objective To summarize the main results and characters of the research literature by reviewing systematically and comprehensively,we get an overall awareness of the current status of the nursing needs of the aged at home and discover the deficiency.Consequently,we provide evidence to improve the nursing services for the aged at home.Methods We systematically searched CNKI (1979-2014.5),CBM (1978-2014.5)and VIP (1989-2014.5).According to the including criteria and excluding criteria,we screened the literature twice.Main results and characters of the literature were described.Results A total of 975 articles were included.The first literature were published in 1986.From 2006,the amount of the literature increased annually.42.36％ (413/975)of the research types were descriptive research.The contents of the literature mainly focused on the need of comprehensive nursing services,such as community nursing services [37.44％(365/975)];home care [20.10％(196/975)];long-term care [10.26％(100/975)].The overall quality of the hterature was not high.Experimental research and descriptive research were implemented mostly in developed areas.The 46.97％(458/975) of the first authors worked in hospitals.Conclusions There is a small quantity of literature published with low quality.Questionnaire with comprehensive items describing needs demanded by the aged are required.We should put an eye on the aged living in undeveloped areas or with recognition impairment.Meanwhile,depending on the general hospital,we should carry out high-quality experimental research,as well as exploring multidisciplinary model.

Wuhu City has been exploring,since 2007,an innovative health and medical system featuring both the reform of public hospitals and that of the primary care system.This reform aims at strengthening the public health service system,improving the basic medical service system,speeding up the construction of the medical security system,and improving the drug supply system.It is characteristic of a core,two wings,and four-wheel drive,which tells the essence of Wuhu' s reform practices and outcomes.

Objective To reveal the influence factor of ampD specific mutation on the transformation of AmpC β-lactamase from non-high-productive type to derepressed the high-productive type in Enterobacter cloacae. Methods The selected cbromatin-mediated derepressed high-productive strains of Enterobacter cloacae and genomic DNA were extracted, and genomic ampD was amplified by using PCR, and then sequenced and confirmed by specific mutation. Use site-directed mutagenesis to mutate the wild-type Enterobacter cloacae for the above site. The changes of AmpCβ-lactamase types were detected by the improved Cefotaxime three-dimensional test. Results Of the 121 strains of Enterobacter cloacae,15 strains were ehromatin-mediated derepressed high-productive type,8 strains had significant mutations and 7 strains of site-directed mutagenesis were established. Ecl MA(274 inser-ting A)、Ecl MC(327 missing C)and Ecl MF(27 inserting G)were changed from non-high-productive type to derepressed-high-pro-ductive type,but Ecl MB(371 inserting T), Ecl MD(515 missing C), Ecl ME(324 C→A), Ecl MG(238C→A 302T→A)did not change in AmpC β-lactamase types. Conclusion The significant mutations that could lead to the transformation of AmpC β-lacta-mase were the Frame-shift mutations that could create the change of large region of amino acid. However, other mechanisms for the derepressed high-productive AmpC β-lactamase were not excluded in the study.

The position,length,size,and the site and pattern of ramification of the innominate arteries and common carotid arteries were studied in 76 specimens(♂44,♀32)of one- year-old to three-year-old Chinese infants. 1.The position relation between the innominate artery and trachea may be divided into three patterns:type Ⅰ:2 infants(2.63?1.8%),type Ⅱ:33 infants(43.42? 5.72%),type Ⅲ:41 infants(53.95?5.71%). 2.In 76 specimens the ramification region of innominate arteries of the Chinese infants were studied,among which in 57 specimens(75.0?4.96%)the site of ramifi- cation of innominate arteries is situated above the upper border of the sternoclavicular joint,and in 19 specimens(25.0?4.96%)behind the sternoclavicular joint.The region of ramification is higher in position in the infant than in the adult. 3.The average length of innominate arteries of all 76 specimens of 3 age groups: one,two,and three years old,is 20.7?0.42mm,19.2?0.56mm and 21.8?0.94mm respectively.The average circumference is 19.8?0.64mm,20.3?0.21mm and 21.0? 0.51mm respectively. 4.In 63 cases(82.9?4.32%)the innominate artery arises from the aortic arch by itself,in the other 13(17.1?4.32%)it arises from a common trunk,which is formed by the union of the innominate artery with the left common carotid artery.Among the 76 specimens,71 cases did not give off branches on its way,but in 4 specimens(5.26? 2.56%)the thyroidea ima is branched off directly from the innominate artery on its way,while in 1 specimen(1.32?1.31%)it arises from the common trunk. 5.The average site of ramification of the common carotid artery of the 76 Chinese infants is situated at the level of npper border of the intervertebral disc between the third and the fourth cervical vertebrae,but it is different on both sides:37 cases(48.7? 5.73%)with a higher level on the left,14 cases(18.4?4.44%)with.a higher level on the right side,25 cases(32.9?5.38%)with both sides on the same level. 6.The ramification angle of the common carotid arteries of the 76 infants fall into three patterns:60 sides(39.5?3.96%)belong to the acute angle pattern,40 sides(26.3? 3.57%)belong to the arcform pattern and 52 sides(34.2?84%)belong to the in- termediate pattern.The acute angle pattern is more common than the arcform pattern in the infants. 7.The average length of common carotid arteries of all 76 specimens of the three age-groups in one-、two-、three-year-old Chinese infants was 42.9?1.55mm,45.7?0.57 mm and 47.8?1.50mm on the right side and 59.0?1.10 mm,56.7?2.99mm and 64.9?1.62mm on the left side respectively,but the average circumference was 14.8 ?0.77mm,16.3?0.14mm and 16.6?0.19mm on the right side and 15.6?0.61 mm, 16.6?0.13mm and 17.3?0.40mm on the left side respectively.

The aortic arch and its ramifications were studied in 76 chinese infant specimens (♂44,♀52)We examined its position,length and circumference and the types of its ramifications. 1.In average,the superior border of infant's aortic arch is situated at the level of the intervertebral disc between the second and third thoracic vertebrae,and the inferior border is situated at the level of the upper one-third of the fourth thoracic vertebra. 2.The medial point between the superior and inferior borders of the aortic arch,in average,is situated at the level of lower one third of the third thoracic vertebra.In the 3 age-groups,1,2 and 3-year old infants,in 76 specimens,we found that the levels of the medial point of aortic arches,corresponding to 6.05,6.10and 6.19 in the 7 th region of the vertebral column respectively,Comparison of this figures with those of the adult revealed that its height in the infant is higher than in the adult. 3.The average lengths of aortic arch of the 3 age-groups of the Chinese infants were 20.6?1.31mm,19.3?0.59mm and 20.8?0.43mm respectively. 4.The circumferences of the aortic arch of the 3 age-groups of the Chinese infants before the aortic arch divided int?the innominate artery,in average,were 35.8?0.86 mm,36.4?1.04 mm and 38.6?0.83 mm respectively,and after dividing into the left subclavian artery,in average,they were 26.1?1.01mm,26.9?1.25 mm and 29.7?0.79 mm respectively. 5.Seven types can be distinguished in the patterns of the ramifications of the aortic arch.One type was not included in the twenty types of the ramification that have been suggested by Chang Wei-lung according to McDdonald and Anson's classification.This new type increases the number of the types of the human aortic arch to twenty one.The seven types viz: Type A:52.infants,68.42?5.33%.Type B:11 infants,14.47?4.03%.Type G: 4 infants,5.26?2.56%.Type D:1 infant,1.32?1.31%.Type F:4 infants,5.26? 2.56%.(One of the four cases is named thyro-thymus trunk).Type BF:1 infant,1.32 ?1.31%.(This type was composed of a common trunk,which consisted of the inno- minate and left common carotid,the left subclavian and the thyroidea ima arising from the common trunk.According to De Garis's classification,we combine type B with type F into type BF).Type J:3 infants,3.95?2.23%.(This type was more common in infants than in adults). 6.By comparing the types of ramification of aortic arch in 76 specimens with those of the adult,it reveals that the types of the ramifications of aortic arches vary with age.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; therapy

Objective To investigate the risk factors of restless leg syndrome (RLS) among male elders.Methods A case-control study between 148 old male RLS patients (case group) and 155 non-RLS male elders (control group) was conducted to investigate the risk factors of RLS.The general demographic data (age,education level,marital status,etc.),lifestyle (including physical exercise,smoking and alcohol) and past medical history were compared between two groups.Univariate analysis and non-conditional multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted by SPSS 13.0 software.Results In univariate analysis:there was significant difference in history of Parkinson disease between two groups [8.8％ (13/148)vs.3.2％ (5/155)] (P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in smoking,alcohol,physical exercise,history of diabetes mellitus and history of peripheral nerve disease between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The serum creatinine in case group was higher than that in control group [(103.92 ± 32.07) μ mol/L vs.(85.35 ± 36.14) μ tmol/L] (P =0.000),and there was no significant difference in systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,hemoglobin,fasting blood glucose between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for potential confounders,history of Parkinson disease and peripheral nerve disease,and serum creatinine was the independent risk factors of RLS among male elders.The values of OR(95％ CI) were 5.68(1.046-30.846),4.13(1.109-15.368),1.02(1.014-1.036),respectively.Conclusion Histories of Parkinson disease and peripheral nerve disease and serum creatinine are the independent risk factors of RLS among male elders.

BACKGROUND: With wide application of biotechnological substitute materials, pelvic repair and reconstruction develop to a certain degree. Biomaterial patch is a major substitute for repairing injured pelvic fascia tissue, so it is widely used for pelvic reconstruction.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility, efficacy, and clinical value of biomaterial patch to pelvic reconstruction in the females.METHODS: Articles related to pelvic functional disorder, pelvic reconstruction, and application of patch implant were retrieved from PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn) with the key words of "reconstruction of whole pelvic floor, mesh, synthetic mesh implants" in both Chinese and English between 1990 and 2008. Duplication studies were excluded. A total of 54 articles were initially retrieved, and 17 ones were included in the final analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Pelvic organ prohpse, which was a major symptom of pelvic disorder in the females, caused by defect of pelvic supporting structure, injury, and functional disorder. Traditional operation could not solve fundamental question.At present, substitute materials for pelvic repair and reconstruction mainly include biomaterial patch (self-substitute materials, homogeneity substitute materials, and heterogeneity substitute materials) and artificial patch. All of them could substitute the injured pelvic fascia tissue; therefore, they were major substitute materials of pelvic tissue and widely used for pelvic reconstruction. Patch which was used for pelvic reconstruction realized the recovery of anatomic structure and caused functional recovery, with simple and easy processing. Additionally, patch application did not prolong operative time and cause complication, but induced well tolerance, security and reliability, and remarkable short-term effect on patients. However, the long-term efficacy should be further studied. The modified pelvic reconstruction is clinically valuable for patients with varying prolapsed sites.

BACKGROUND:The essence of cell differentiation is a selectively intra-cellular gene expression,which results in specific proteinic synthesis and causes changes in biochemistry,structure and function.Thus,original proteomics and a single protein analysis can not meet the requirement in study.Proteomics technology provides a powerful tool due to the large scale,systemical study of protein transformation and interaction,which can be used for exploring molecular mechanism of bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)during directional differentiation.OBJECTIVE:To introduce proteomics,to summarize the research of proteomics in directional differentiation of BMSCs,and to forecast the development of proteomics research methods.METHODS:To search articles highly related with BMSCs,cell differentiation,and proteomics published on CNKI (www.cnki.net/index.htm),Sciencedirect(http://www.Sciencedirect.com),I.S.I(http://www.isiwebofknowledge.com)were searched,and the key achievements were included in the analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 29 documents were reviewed,and the experiences in the application of proteomics technology in the directional differentiation of BMSCs were summarized.With the innovation and development in methodology and technology,proteomics will become a powerful tool for us to study the potential mechanisms of BMSCs directional differentiation.

Objective To investigate the influence of plasmid spread and ampD mutation to Enterobacter cloacae that leads to the AmpC β-lactamase change from inducible type to constitutive type. Methods The Enterobacter cloacae were isolated from the patients with nosocomial infection. The inducible type isolations and their constitutive type changers were put into the same group. The plasmid ampC gene and chromatin ampD gene in pairs in each group were amplified, sequenced and compared. Results Of 195 patients infected by Enterobacter cloacae of inducible type, 25 (12.82%) were changed to the ones of constitutive high type. In these 25 changed groups, 10 were caused by plasmid spread, 10 by ampD mutation, 1 by both, and 4 by neither. Twelve changed constitutive type strains had ampD significant mutations, in which 7 were frame-shift mutations and 5 were spot mutations. Conclusions The change ratio of Enterobacter cloacae from inducible type to constitutive type is rather high. Both plasmid spread and ampD mutation are possibly the mechanism of such change. Plasmid mediated AmpC β-lactamase spreads among different species and interregionally. The mutation rate of chromatin ampD gene is also higher than the natural mutation rate. These two mechanisms should be considered in clinical treatment.