Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; B7-2 Antigen ; analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Sarcoma ; chemistry ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; chemistry ; drug therapy ; pathology

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and side effects of ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blockades and rectal paracetamol after pediatric inguinal hernia repair.MethodsNinety children undergoing half inguinal hernia repair were randomly divided into 3 groups:nerve block group(n=30),paracetamol group(n=30) and control group(n=30).After basal anesthesia,ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blockades was administed in nerve block group,paracetamol group received rectal paracetamol,control group had not any medication.Every child was oberserved 1,3,6,8 h postoperatively for pain score,overall satisfaction were evaluated by parents,furthermore,evaluation of distress for children such as nausea,vomiting and delayed femoral nerve palsy was made.ResultsPain scores were significantly lower in nerve block group and paracetamol group during the postoperative follow-up 1,3 and 6 h.Overall satisfaction in nerve block group and paracetamol group were significantly higher than control group.The incidence of delayed femoral nerve palsy in nerve block group was higher than paracetamol group(F=4.22P

Animals ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Fatigue ; drug therapy ; Mice ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology

Objective To explore a kind of simple and high efficient approach to differentiate human embryonic stem cells(hESCs)into neural stem cells(NSCs).Methods hESCs were cultured in bacterial culture dish filled with serum free medium to gain embryoid bodies.Then the mature embryoid bodies grew in the special medium including B27 and noggin by adherent culture to differentiate into NSCs. Results The hESCs kept floating in the bacterial culture dish and growing all the time and then formed mature embryoid bodies 7 to 10 days later.The embryoid bodies could be differentiated into highly pure (96.4%)nestin positive cells.And these cells were differentiated into all kinds of neural cells if cultured further.Conclusions This kind of method is less time-consuming,cheaper,and more efficient than those of the results in literatures reported.It affords very good source of seed cells for cell transplantation therapy in the future.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E(2)) on the structure and relaxation and contraction activity of thoracic aortas in ovariectomized rats with insulin resistance induced by fructose. Ovariectomized mature female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high fructose diet for 8 weeks to induce insulin resistance. Physiological dose of 17beta-E(2) (30 mug/kg) was injected subcutaneously every day for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by use of tail-cuff. Serum nitric oxide (NO), estradiol (E(2)), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and fasting serum insulin (FSI) were measured respectively in each group. The insulin sensitive index (ISI) was calculated. The thoracic aortas were fixed in formalin, sliced and HE dyed. The structure of thoracic aortas, lumen breadth, media thickness, media thickness/lumen breadth ratio and media cross-section area were measured. The contraction response of thoracic aorta rings induced by L-phenylephrine (PE) and the relaxation response of thoracic aorta rings induced by ACh and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were measured. To explore the mechanism, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was used. The results obtained are as follows: (1) 17beta-E(2) protected against the effect of high fructose diet, which caused an increase in SBP, hyperinsulinemia and a decrease in ISI in ovariectomized rats. (2) The structure of thoracic aortas had no significant difference among the groups. (3) Compared with the ovariectomized group (OVX) or fructose fed group (F), serum nitric oxide was significantly reduced, the contraction response of thoracic aorta rings to PE was enhanced and the relaxation response to ACh was depressed significantly in ovariectomized+fructose fed group (OVX+F). The effect of high fructose was reversed by 17beta-E(2). After pretreatment with L-NAME, the effect of 17beta-E(2), which enhanced the relaxation response of thoracic aorta rings to ACh in ovariectomized+fructose+17beta-E(2) group (OVX+F+E(2)), was partly blocked. (4) The relaxation response of thoracic aorta rings to SNP had no significant difference among the groups. (5) The contraction response of thoracic aorta rings without endothelium to PE had no significant difference among the groups. These findings suggest that 17beta-E(2) may provide protection against the effect of high fructose diet, which causes hypertension, dysfunction of endothelial cells and insulin resistance. The mechanism of this effect of 17beta-E(2) could be partly associated with the increase of NO by NOS pathway, or associated with the decrease in the level of systolic blood pressure and serum insulin, and the improvement of insulin resistance.
Animals ; Aorta ; physiology ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fructose ; Insulin Resistance ; physiology ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vasoconstriction ; drug effects ; Vasodilation ; drug effects ; Vasomotor System ; drug effects

Rosiglitazone (ROSI), thiazolidione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) activator, reduces insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It also improves vascular reactivity in T2DM patients and some animal models by unclear mechanisms. In order to investigate the effect of ROSI on aortic systolic and diastolic function of insulin resistant-hypertensive rats (IRHR) and the underlying mechanism, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed with high fructose (HF) for 8 weeks to induce IRHR model. To verify IRHR model, systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting serum insulin (FSI) were measured respectively in each group, and insulin sensitive index (ISI) was also calculated. Subsequently, the vascular function test was performed. The thoracic aortic ring of SD rats was mounted on a bath system. The effect of rosiglitazone on the contraction elicited by L-phenylephrine (PE) and potassium chloride (KCl) and the relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were measured. To explore the mechanism, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was used and serum nitric oxide (NO) was measured. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Rosiglitazone reduced the level of SBP, serum insulin and improved insulin resistance in IRHRs. (2) The contractive responses of thoracic aortic rings to PE and KCl were enhanced and the relaxation response to ACh was depressed significantly in the HF group, and the effect was reversed by ROSI. (3) After pretreatment with L-NAME, the relaxation response to ACh was further impaired in the HF group, this effect was partly reversed by ROSI. (4) Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced vasodilator responses did not differ significantly among the groups. (5) Aortic systolic and diastolic function of the control group was not affected markedly by ROSI. (6) Compared with the control group, serum nitric oxide was significantly reduced in the HF group, but after rosiglitazone treatment it was remarkably increased. These findings suggest that ROSI can improve aortic diastolic function of insulin resistant-hypertensive rats, the mechanism of this effect might be associated with an increase in nitric oxide mediated partly by NOS pathway, a decrease in the level of blood pressure, serum insulin and the improvement of insulin resistance.
Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thiazolidinediones ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Vasodilation ; drug effects ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Background:Over the years,the mechanical ventilation (MV) strategy has changed worldwide.The aim of the present study was to describe the ventilation practices,particularly lung-protective ventilation (LPV),among brain-injured patients in China.Methods:This study was a multicenter,1-day,cross-sectional study in 47 Intensive Care Units (ICUs) across China.Mechanically ventilated patients (18 years and older) with brain injury in a participating ICU during the time of the study,including traumatic brain injury,stroke,postoperation with intracranial tumor,hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,intracranial infection,and idiopathic epilepsy,were enrolled.Demographic data,primary diagnoses,indications for MV,MV modes and settings,and prognoses on the 60th day were collected.Multivariable logistic analysis was used to assess factors that might affect the use of LPV.Results:A total of 104 patients were enrolled in the present study,87 (83.7％) of whom were identified with severe brain injury based on a Glasgow Coma Scale ＜8 points.Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) was the most frequent ventilator mode,accounting for 46.2％ of the entire cohort.The median tidal volume was set to 8.0 ml/kg (interquartile range [IQR],7.0-8.9 ml/kg) of the predicted body weight;50 (48.1％) patients received LPV.The median positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was set to 5 cmH2O (IQR,5-6 cmH2O).No PEEP values were higher than 10 cmH2O.Compared with partially mandatory ventilation,supportive and spontaneous ventilation practices were associated with LPV.There were no significant differences in mortality and MV duration between patients subjected to LPV and those were not.Conclusions:Among brain-injured patients in China,SIMV was the most frequent ventilation mode.Nearly one-half of the brain-injured patients received LPV.Patients under supportive and spontaneous ventilation were more likely to receive LPV.

OBJECTIVETo explore the association between G614T single nuclear polymorphism (SNP) of the alpha-adducin gene and the antihypertensive effect of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in essential hypertensive (EH) patients.

METHODSEight hundred twenty nine EH patients were given 12.5 mg HCTZ/d for six weeks. Alpha-adducin gene G614T SNP in the tenth exon was determined by PCR-RFLP in 754 patients with complete records. All the patients were grouped according to TT, GT and GG genotypes.

RESULTSAfter 6 weeks of HCTZ treatment, the decreases in DBP and MAP of patients carrying 614T allele of alpha-adducin were significantly greater than that of those carrying GG homozygotes (P < 0.05). The decreases in SBP and MAP were significantly greater in patients with the TT genotype as compared with GT or GG genotype (P < 0.05). The effective rate of BP fall by HCTZ was higher in patients with TT genotype than those with GT or GG genotype (P < 0.05). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that the TT genotype and the baseline SBP were the two major predictors affecting the decrease in SBP.

CONCLUSIONThe present study suggests that the alpha-adducin G614T polymorphism is associated with the antihypertensive effect of HCTZ, which is more effective in patients with TT genotype.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide ; therapeutic use ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Single-Blind Method ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVEIt has been reported that neuronal apoptosis plays a critical role in pathology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Cytochrome C (CytC) is an important apoptotic protease activating factor. Inosine might have a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting the neuronal apoptosis and the expression of CytC mRNA in adult rats. This study examined the effects of inosine on neuronal apoptosis and CytC mRNA expression following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in order to investigate the neuroprotectivity of inosine against cerebral ischemia injury in neonatal rats and the possible mechanism.

METHODSA total of 140 healthy 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly assigned into Control (n=40), HIBD (n=50) and Inosine treatment groups (n=50). HIBD rat models were established by ligating the left common carotid artery, followed by 8% O2 hypoxia exposure for 2 hrs in the HIBD and Inosine treatment groups. The Control group was not subjected to hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The Inosine treatment and the HIBD groups were randomly divided into 5 sub-groups sacrificed at 6 and 12 hrs, and 1, 3 and 7 days post- HI (n=10 each). The Control group rats were sacrificed at the corresponding time points (n=8 each). Inosine was administered to the Inosine treatment group by intraperitoneal injection immediately after HIBD at the dosage of 100 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days. TUNEL staining and in situ hybridization method was used to detect neuronal apoptosis and CytC mRNA expression respectively.

RESULTSFew apoptotic cells and CytC mRNA positive cells were found in brain tissues of the Control group. In the HIBD group, the number of apoptotic cells and the CytC mRNA expression in the cortical and hippocampal gyrum CA1 areas increased 6 hrs after HI, peaking at 1 day after HI and then decreased gradually. Until the 7th day, the number of apoptotic cells and the CytC mRNA expression in the cortical and hippocampal gyrum CA1 areas in the HIBD group remained significantly higher than in the Control group. Inosine treatment decreased the apoptotic cells and the CytC mRNA expression in both areas from 6 hrs to 7 days after HI compared with the HIBD group. The linear correlation analysis demonstrated that the number of apoptotic cells was positively correlated to the CytC mRNA expression in neonatal rats with HIBD (r=0.88, P < 0.01) .

CONCLUSIONSInosine can reduce the number of apoptotic cells and down-regulate the expression of CytC mRNA following HIBD in neonatal rats. The decreased number of apoptotic cells was positively correlated to the decreased CytC mRNA expression after inosine treatment, suggesting that inosine offered neuroprotectivity against HIBD possibly through inhibiting the CytC mRNA expression and resulting in a decrease of cell apoptosis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cytochromes c ; genetics ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Inosine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVESince 2011 EB-APS conference, we hypotheses that phase switching of inspiration-expiration is dominantly initiated by oscillatory information PaO2, PaCO2 and [H+] via fast peripheral chemical receptors. However, the evidence of the waveform of ABG is lack.

METHODSSix surgery patients with normal heart function and negative Allen test, had been placed the arterial catheterization directly connected to 3 x 1 000 mm pre-heparin plastic pipe for continuous collecting arterial blood. We counted the number of heart beat for the blood collecting time, and separated the blood pipe into the heart beat numbers' short pieces using haemostatic forceps, then put pipe into iced water at once fir analyzing PaO2, PaCO2, pH and SaO2 as soon as possible. We selected two breaths cycles of waveform from each patient for data calculations of magnitudes and time interval.

RESULTSThe heart beat numbers for filling blood into pipe were 16 ± 2, and all covered more than 2 breathing cycles. Each breathing cycle is cover 5 ± 0.6 heart beat. There were significant changes of PaO2, PaCO2, [H+] a and SaO2 (i.e. the highest high values compare to the next lowest values, P < 0.05). The time interval of changing PaO2, PaCO2, [H+]a and SaO2 magnitudes were 11.28 ± 1.13 mmHg, 1.77 ± 0.89 mmHg, 1.14 ± 0.35 nmol/L and 0.52% ± 0.44% respectively.

CONCLUSIONThis simple continuous beat-by-beat arterial blood sampling and ABG analyzing method is new and practicable. We obtain a clear evidence of periodic parameters ABG waveform, which following breathing cycle.

Arteries ; physiology ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods ; Respiration