Acute and chronic graft rejection are the major factors leading to graft non-function.There is an active expression of chemokines early after transplantation.They recruit T cells and antigen presenting cells selectively to the graft, leading to inflammatory reaction and finally to graft non-function.Accordingly,monitoring the expression status of chemokines and their receptors regularly may help to the diagnose rejection.To determine one or more chemokines or their receptors as the new targets for anti-rejection therapy will be of great clinical significance.This review focuses on the research progression in the above areas.

Objective To investigate the effect of microRNA-21 (miR-21) antisense oligonucleoti-de on collagen synthesis in the rat hepatic satellite cells ( HSCs) .Methods Rat hepatic stellate cells were isolated and cultured; the miR-21 antisense oligonucleotide was transfected into HSCs with lipofectamine 2000;after incubation 48 h, the HSCs were collected.The expression of miR-21 was detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) , andα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein in HSCs with Western blot.The cell proliferation was assayed with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) method.Re-sults Compared to scrambled control group, the expression of miR-21 was reduced by 76%( P <0.01), the proliferation activity of HSCs was reduced by(26 ±3)%( P <0.01), the expressions of type I and III collagen proteins were reduced by(61 ±7)%and (48 ±6)%( P <0.01).Conclusions The miR-21 an-tisense oligonucleotide could reduce significantly the expression of miR-21, and inhibit HSC proliferation and extracellular matrix production.

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Asparaginase ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; Severity of Illness Index ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the effect of miRNA-200b-specific inhibitor on hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) activation,proliferation,and extracellular matrix production.Methods The miRNA-200b-specific inhibitors were designed,synthesized,and transfected into HSCs with lipofectamine 2000.The supernatant and HSCs were collected after incubation for 48 h.The expression of miR-200b was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The expression ofα-smooth muscle actin (oα-SMA) protein in HSCs was detected by Western blotting.The cell proliferation was assayed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method.Contents of type Ⅲ procollagen and hyaluronic acid in supernatant were determined by radioimmunoassay.Results Compared to the control group,miRNA-200b expression was decreased in the miRNA-200b inhibitor group by 82％ (P ＜ 0.01),α-SMA protein expression was reduced in the miRNA-200b inhibitor group by (19 ± 3) ％ (P ＜ 0.05),and the activity of HSCs proliferation was reduced by(33 ± 5)％ (P ＜0.01),and the contents of type Ⅲ procollagen and hyaluronic acid in supernatant were reduced in miRNA-200b inhibitor group by (35 ± 4)％ and (31 ± 2)％,respectively(P ＜0.01).Conclusions The miRNA-200b-specific inhibitor could significantly reduce the expression of miRNA-200b,and inhibit HSC proliferation,activation,and extracellular matrix production.

Objective To establish the quality standards of Longdan Xiegan Capsule and Longdan Xiegan Soft Capsule. Methods Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma, Bupleuri Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus, Alismatis Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Rehmanniae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were identified by TLC. Gentiopicrin in Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma, geniposide in Gardeniae Fructus, baicalin in Scutellariae Radix were determined by HPLC. Results The TLC spots developed were clear. Gentiopicrin showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.066 1-0.595 1 mg (r=1.000 0), the average recovery of Capsule was 99.34%(RSD=1.50%), and the average recovery of Soft Capsule was 96.62%(RSD=1.50%). Geniposide showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.076 1-1.369 8 mg (r=0.999 9), the average recovery of Capsule was 101.3% (RSD=1.70%), and the average recovery of Soft Capsule was 100.59%(RSD=0.79%). Baicalin showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.214 4-1.608 mg (r=1.000 0), the average recovery of Capsule was 101.12% (RSD=1.30%), and the average recovery of Soft Capsule was 98.07% (RSD=2.40%). Conclusion The method is simple and reproducible. It can be used to control the quality of Longdan Xiegan Capsule and Longdan Xiegan Soft Capsule.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of liver transplantation (LT) for cholangiocarcinoma(CC)and analyze the prognostic factors.Methods From December 2001 to December 2006,234 patients receiving LT for hepatic carcinoma in our institute were enrolled as a basis of comparative study for 6 CC patients undergoing LT during the same period.Results These 6 patients were followed-up from 1 to 56 months.Five patients died and one recurred.The 0.5-,1-and 2-year patient cumulative survival rates were 4/6,3/6 and 1/6,respectively.The 0.5-,1-and 2-year tumor-free survival rates were 3/6,2/6 and 1/6,respectively.The average patient or tumor-free survival time were both(14±4) months.Conclusion The prognosis of cholangioearcinoma patients after LT iS poor.

Objective To investigate the changes of iodide uptake and the expression of thyroidspecific genes in poorly differentiated follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) cells after transfection of human TSH receptor (hTSHR) gene in vitro. Methods The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid PcDNA3. 1/hTSHR-cDNA was transformed into DH5a bacterial for amplification and then the recombinant plasmid was extracted. The recombinant was identified with PCR amplifying, restriction enzyme digestion analysis and DNA sequencing. The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1/hTSHR was transfected into FTC-133 cell line by lipofectin methodin vitro. Immunofluorescence, iodide uptake studies and real time-PCR were applied to detect target protein expression. Statistical analysis was performed with t-test using SPSS 13. 0 software. Results Kpn Ⅰ and Xba Ⅰ restriction enzyme digestion, PCR amplifying and DNA sequencing confirmed that pcDNA3. 1/hTSHR was successfully constructed. After transfection of the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3. 1/hTSHR-cDNA and the stimulation of hTSH, the tumor cells displayed the expression of hTSHR protein at cell surface and cytoplasm. The iodine uptake in pcDNA3. 1/hTSHR transfected cells was 2. 9 times higher than that of control(pcDNA3.1(+) transfected cells) group(t = 28.63, P ＜0. 01). The expression of TSHR,NIS, TPO and Tg (mRNA levels) in pcDNA3. 1/hTSHR transfected cells were also significantly elevated by 1.74 (t =5.959, P＜0.01), 7.2 (t =3.807,P＜0.05), 2.88 (t=4.769,P＜0. 01) and 2.67 times (t=6.388,P ＜0.01) respectively compared to those of the control group. Conclusion The study demonstrates that iodide uptake may be reactivated by hTSHR receptor gene transfection in poorly differentiated FTC cell.

To explore the spatial distribution mechanism of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), PhyML v3.0 was used to build phylogenetic tree using JEV sequences in the dataset. PAUP v4.0 and Migrapyhla softz ware were then used to analyze the migration events. The results showed that a total of 95 migration events were observed during the dispersal of JEV throughout Asia. Further analysis revealed that Thailand, and several Chinese provinces (including Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan and Yunnan), were the main migration sources of JEV. JEV spread from these migration sources as follows: from Thailand to Australia, Cambodia, Tibet and India; from Shanghai to eastern coastal Asian regions and Yunnan; from Shandong to Korea, Zhejiang, Hubei, Shanxi and Liaoning; from Sichuan mainly to inland regions of China, as well as Vietnam and Japan; and from Yunnan to Zhejiang. This study indicated that frequent migration events occurred during the dispersal of JEV in the Asia and Pacific regions, and that Thailand, Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan and Yunnan were the sources of JEV dispersal.
Asia ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; epidemiology ; transmission ; virology ; Phylogeny

Objective To explore the cognitive process in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System (DN:CAS).Methods Sixty-one children with ADHD and sixty-one healthy controls were enrolled in this study.The cognition of all the studies individuals was evaluated by the DN:CAS.Results Compared with the control group,children with ADHD had significantly lower scores in planning[(24.18 ±5.64) scores vs (30.07 ±5.28) scores,t =-6.985,P ＜ 0.01],simultaneous processing[(33.97 ± 7.64) scores vs (36.90 ± 7.20) scores,t =-2.211,P ＜ 0.05],attention [(26.52 ± 6.80) scores vs (31.21 ± 5.86) scores,t =-4.909,P ＜0.01] in the 4 subtests of DN:CAS,and the total scores [(117.85 ±21.45) scores vs (132.48 ± 17.95) scores,t =-5.286,P ＜ 0.01] are same.And there were significant differences in matching numbers [(8.77 ± 2.33) scores vs (10.87 ± 2.31) scores,t =-5.220,P ＜ 0.01],planned codes [(7.87 ± 2.37) scores vs (9.44 ± 2.61) scores,t =-4.006,P ＜ 0.01],planned connections [(7.54 ± 2.29) scores vs (9.75 ± 2.01) scores,t =-6.643,P ＜0.01];verbal-spatial relations in simultaneous processing [(10.05 ±2.79) scores vs (11.23 ± 3.19) scores,t =-2.382,P ＜ 0.05] and expressive attention [(9.02 ± 2.47) scores vs (10.34 ± 3.03) scores,t =-2.938,P ＜0.01],number detection [(8.16 ±2.31) scores vs (10.08 ± 1.86) scores,t =-5.028,P ＜ 0.01],receptive attention [(9.34 ± 3.68) scores vs (10.78 ± 3.20) scores,t =-3.215,P ＜ 0.01] between ADHD group and the control group.There were significant differences of the percentile rank distribution of the scores between ADHD group and the control group in planning,attention and full score (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Children with ADHD have cognitive deficits in the cognitive processing,and planning and attention deficits are the main features.The DN:CAS could be a useful tool in evaluating cognition of children with ADHD.

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of losartan(Los) on apoptosis of H9c2 cells induced by isoprenaline(ISO),and to discover its related mechanism.METHODS:H9c2 cells cultured on plastic plates were divided into control,ISO,ISO+Los,ISO+Los+LY294002 and DMSO groups.Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometery and agarose gel electrophoresis.The mRNA levels of bax,bcl-2 and caspase-9 were detected by RT-PCR and the expressions of phosphorylated and total Akt(p-Akt and t-Akt) were assessed by Western blotting.The cAMP was measured by radioimmunoassay.RESULTS:ISO at concentration of 10 ?mol/L induced apoptosis of H9c2 with an increase in bax/bcl-2,caspase-9 and cAMP.Addition of 10 ?mol/L losartan inhibited apoptosis obviously with a decrease in bax/bcl-2,caspase-9 and cAMP.A significant increase in p-Akt was observed,and its protein level was elevated.LY294002 at concentration of 1 ?mol/L abolished the protective effects of losartan on ISO-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells.CONCLUSION:ISO might induce H9c2 cell apoptosis through stimulation of ?-adrenergic receptor(?-AR).Los inhibits downstream signaling of ?-AR,and promotes the activation of Akt.Subsequently it might attenuate the apoptosis induced by ?-adrenergic stimulation of ISO.