Objective To learn about the state of anxiety, related factors and demand of the family members of youngster patients with eye traumas during the operations, to improve the quality of nursing care by effectively relieve the anxiety of family memebers through appropriate intervention. Methods The anxiety and needs of family members of 148 children patients with eye traumas were investigated during the perioperative period with self-rating anxiety scale and self-designed questionnaires, and appropriate nursing was given according to the survey results. Results The anxiety score of family members was (56.93 ± 14.72), which was at higher level when the patients were just admitted. The scores statistically de creased after nursing care. The anxiety was related to factors such as the security and the effect of the operation, the technical level of the surgeon, the anesthesia method (general anesthesia),the age of the children patients and the emergency operation. Conclusions Nursing staff can effectively relieve the anxiety of the family members of children patients during perioperative period by supplying special care according to their different demands.

Objective To investigate the effects of chronic renal failure rabbit serum on proliferation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation of rabbit arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods Rabbit model of chronic renal failure was established by the ligation of renal arterial branches. ASMCs were incubated in the media with various concentrations of chronic renal failure serum cultured in vitro. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT. Cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33342 staining. NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and NF-κB p65 proteins in response to chronic renal failure serum in ASMCs was determined by Western blotting. Results Lower concentrations of chronic renal failure serum (≤ 10%) could significantly promot the proliferation of ASMCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Higher concentrations of chronic renal failure serum (＞10%) could significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of ASMCs compared to the normal control (P＜0.05). Under the stimulation of lower concentrations of chronic renal failure serum, the expression of PCNA and NF-κB p65 increased significantly compared to the normal control (P＜0.01), while decreased markedly under the stimulation of higher concentrations of chronic renal failure serum compared to the normal control (P＜0.01). Under the stimulation of 10% chronic renal failure serum, nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in ASMCs was found. Conclusions Different concentrations of chronic renal failure rabbit serum can effectively induce ASMCs proliferation or apoptosis. The mechanism of promoting proliferation may be mediated by activating NF-κB, which will be useful for the treatment of accelerated atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure.

Objective To analyze the normal lung dose-volume histogram(DVH) varieties in the former and later period(P1 and P2)of three dimensional conformal radiation therapy(3DCRT) plans and the compound (Pc) plan in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and to access the feasibility to modify the target volume during the treatment course.Methods Twenty-one NSCLC patients who had received accelerated hyper-frationation 3DCRT in P2 were included in the study.Both of the P1 and P2 plans were redesigned to a total dose of 70 Gy with V20 smaller than 35%.When the target volume was modified and P2 plan was rede signed using accelerated hyper-frationation 3DCRT of 30 Gy after P1 plan of 40 Gy,the Pc plan was compoun ded by transmitting the parameters(such as target volume,irradiation field and dose) of P1 plan into P2 plan. Total lung volume and target volumes(GTV,PTV) of P1 and P2 were evaluated.MLD,V5,V10,V20 and V30 of P1,P2 and Pc were calculated.Results The total lung volume in P1 and P2 plans was not significantly dif ferent(t = 0.19,P = 0.850).The volumes of GTV,PTV in P2 were obviously smaller than P1 (t = 2.88,P = 0.009 ; t = 4.01 ,P = 0.001) .When comparing P2 with P1 ,MLD were 16.5 Gy Vs 17.8 Gy (t = 2.60, DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2009.01.057 P = 0.017),V30 was significantly decreased (t = 2.19,P = 0.041),but V5,V10 and V20 had no significant difference.Similar differences were found in MLD,V5 ,V10 ,V20 and V30 when comparing Po to P1.P2 plans had significantly smaller MLD,Vs,V10,V20 and V30 than Pc plans.Fourteen patients with decreased PTV were further analyzed.The V30 and MLD decreased significantly (t = 3.00,P = 0.0 I 0;t = 2.38,P = 0.033), but V5 ,V10,V20 had no difference when comparing P1 and P2 plans.Among these 14 patients,the V10 and V30 decreased significantly(t = 2.76,P = 0.033 ; t = 3.60,P = 0.011) when P2 plans were generated using the same field number and beam angles in P1 plans in 7 patients.The parameters were similar in P1and Pc plans,but increased significantly when comparing to P2.Various parameters were the same among P1,P2 and Pc plans when P2 plans were designed using 1-2 different fields and angles in the other 7 patients.The differ ences were not significant between P1 and P2 plans in 7 patients with the same or increased PTV.Expansion or contraction of PTV significantly influenced MLD and V2o (r =-0.62,P = 0.03 ; r = O.48,P = 0.029). Conclusions When the tumor regresses,the high dose volume of the lung decreases with modifying the tar get volume and replanning in the later period using accelerated hyper-frationation 3DCRT.The low dose vol ume of the lung may decrease if the field orientations are same throughout the treatment.It is rational to eval uate the normal lung DVH of the whole plan when the physical parameters of the later period plan are the same as the former one.

Objective To demonstrate the diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)characteristics of multiple sclerosis(MS)plaques,periplaque white matter regions and normal appearing white matter (NAWM)regions in patients with MS,and to evaluate the clinical values of DTI and three-dimensional brain fiber tracking for the diagnosis of MS.Methods Conventional MRI and DTI were performed in 32 patients with MS and 32 age-matched control subjects.Fractional anisotropy(FA)and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)maps were generated and coregistered with T_2-weighted MR images,FA and ADC values were calculated in regions of interest in plaques,periplaque white matter regions,NAWM regions and white matter regions in control subjects.And three-dimensional brain fiber tracking maps were generated by using the DTI.Results TheADCwas(1.233?0.119)?10~(-3)mm~2/s in MS plaques,(0.973?0.098)?10~(-3) mm~2/s in periplaque white matter regions,(0.748?0.089)?10~(-3)mm~2/s in NAWM,and(0.620? 0.094)?10~(-3)mm~2/s in control subjects.The FA was 0.225?0.052 in MS plaques,0.311?0.050 in perip]aque white matter regions,0.421?0.070 in NAWM,and 0.476?0.069 in control subjects. Significant differences in FA and ADC values were observed among all white matter regions(P

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Tibial Fractures ; drug therapy

In order to explore the application of bone marrow imprint in diagnosis of anemia, sixty-five diagnosed anemia cases were analyzed with bone marrow imprint, bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow smear. The result showed that the diagnostic rates of bone marrow imprint and biopsy were both significantly higher than bone marrow smear, especially in the cases with myelofibrosis, aplastic anemia and metastatic carcinoma in bone marrow (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between bone marrow imprint and biopsy, however the bone marrow imprint observed more clearly and more simple and convenient than the bone marrow biopsy. It is concluded that bone marrow imprint is important for diagnosing anemia.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anemia ; blood ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Biopsy ; methods ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Examination ; methods ; Child ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), inflammatory responses during the progression of renal tissue and tissue injury related causes its progression to end-state renal disease. Among them, nuclear factor (nuclear factor, NF)-kappaB signaling pathway by regulating the corresponding nuclear expression of target gene transcription, as well as affecting the synthesis of inflammatory mediators, induction of inflammation lead to kidney damage and renal fibrosis. Some single herbs and their extracts (such as Astragali Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Ginkgo Folium) and some traditional Chinese medicine (such as Danggui Buxue decoction, Qilian decoction) can reduce the inflammatory damage induced by renal tissue NF-kappaB signaling pathway and delay the progression of CKD.
Animals ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; pathology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Objective To identify the best technique of postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT).Methods Twenty-eight patients with stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ invasive breast cancer were treated with modified radical mastectomy and radiotherapy sequaciously involving the supraclavicular region and the chest wall.Three different techniques were developed for each patient:two tangential conformal fields ( half field) in the chest wall plus supraclavicular intensity modulated radiotherapy (3D-CRT + IMRT),integrated chest wall and supraclavicular IMRT(IMRT),and two tangential conformal fields (half field) in the chest wall plus single field electron beam radiotherapy in the supraclavicular region( 3D-CRT + E).The dose distributions of the target areas and the irradiated volumes of the ipsilateral lung ( V5,V10,V20,and V45)were estimated with the dosage volume histogram (DVH).The dosage prescription was 50.4 Gy (1.8 Gy × 28 f).Results The conformity index (CI) of the 3D-CRT + IMRT group was (0.61 ± 0.03),not different from that of the IMRT [ (0.62 ±0.03),q =2.16,P ＞0.05],and the CI levels of these 2 groups were both higher than that of the 3D-CRT + E group [ (0.44 ± 0.02 ),q =20.50,22.66,P ＜0.01 ].The heterogeneity index (HI) of the 3D-CRT + IMRT group was ( 1.17 ±0.02),not different from that of the IMRT [ (1.15 ±0.02),q =1.66,P ＞0.05],and the HI levels of these 2 groups were both lower than that of the 3D-CRT + E group[ ( 1.24 ±0.04),q =3.91,5.58,P ＜0.01 ].The levels of V5 and V10 of the ipsilateral lungs of the 3D-CRT + E group(48.70％ ±3.24％,38％.56％ ±3.70％ ) and 3D-CRT + IMRT group (49.12％ ±3.03％,38.38％ ± 3.56％ ) were all significantly lower than those of the IMRTgroup [(77.18％ ±8.01％,53.07％ ±6.85％),V5,q =20.35,20.05,P＜0.01; V10,q=12.10,12.24,P ＜0.01 ] and there were not significant differences in the V5 and V10 levels between the 3D-CRT + E and 3D-CRT + IMRT groups ( q =0.30,0.14,P ＞ 0.05 ).The levels of V20 of the ipsilateral lungs of the 3D-CRT + IMRT group (26.57％ ±2.51％ )and IMRT group (25.22％ ±2.77％) were all significantly lower that those of the 3D-CRT + E group [ (31.79％ ± 3.00％ ),q =5.27,8.21,P ＜ 0.01 ]and there were not significant differences in the V20 level between the 3D-CRT + IMRT and IMRT groups (q=2.76,P ＞ 0.05 ).There were not significant differences in the V45 levels among these 3 groups (F =0.69,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The 3D-CRT + IMRT technique in PMRT effectively reduces the radiated dose on the ipsilateral lung.

Objective To discuss the value of digital tomosynthesis for detection of pulmonary nodules. Methods Thirty patients suspected of having pulmonary nodules underwent chest radiography, digital tomosynthesis and CT examination. Above image data were transferred to postprocessing work station and were reviewed by 2 radiologists with 3 years of chest-radiology diagnosis experience in a double-blind method. The number, location and size of nodules were recorded. Then, 2 radiologists reviewed the all images once more, and discuss in consensus. The sensitivities of chest radiography and digital tomosynthesis for detection of pulmonary nodules were respectively calculated according to the CT results. Chi-square test was used for radiography, digital tomosynthesis and CT examination. Results Of 30 patients, 21 were detected having pulmonary nodules by X-ray radiography and 9 were negative, the total number of 40 nodules was detected, while 89 nodules in 26 patients were detected by digital tomosynthesis, and only 4 patients were negative. CT demonstrated 102 nodules in 27 patients, and 3 patients were negative. Taking CT as "gold standard", the sensitivities of X-ray radiography and digital tomosynthesis were 27.4%(28/102)and 87.2%(89/102), X~2=4.35, P<0.05, respectively. Conclusion Digital tomosynthesis has a high sensitivity for detection of pulmonary nodules compared with X-ray radiography, and could be an excellent and necessary supplementary technique of X-ray radiography.