The “Kokon Hoi” was compiled by Koga Tsugen and was the most widely used formulary in the Edo era. Here are the results of this author's examination of various “Kokon Hoi” editions.1) Koga Tsugen received the source book of “Kokon Hoi” from the publisher Umemura, and compiled “Sanpo Kokon Hoi”.2) The original edition of “Kokon Hoi” was published by Umemura in around1692. This edition was a lengthwise book and contained 1263 prescriptions, which is the fewest of all the editions examined here.3) Umemura published an expanded edition of the original “Kokon Hoi” around1696. This was an oblong book, and included almost all of the prescriptions of the original “Kokon Hoi” with an additional 273 prescriptions.4) At the request of Umemura, Koga Tsugen published “Sanpo Kokon Hoi” with an additional 348 prescriptions in 1733, and subsequently, “Jutei Kokon Hoi” with an additional 43 prescriptions in 1747. “Jutei Kokon Hoi” was then reprinted in the years 1780, 1808 and 1862.
Books ; Editions ; Comparative Study ; historical period ; seconds

BACKGROUND: The use of computed tomography (CT) scanning to diagnose and treat space-occupying lesions (SOL) has been a great advance. AIM: To analyze the causes, treatment and outcome of SOL. METHOD/PATIENTS: An audit of all cases of SOL treated over a period of 2 years (2003-2004) after the establishment of a neurosurgical unit. RESULTS: There were 42 SOL cases affecting the intracranial space and the spine. 39 cases originated in the brain and its coverings and 3 in the spinal cord. Out of the 39 brain SOL, 26 (67%) were due to tumours and 13 (33%) were due to infection, of which tuberculosis was responsible for 6 (46%). There were 6 astrocytomas and 3 meningiomas followed by secondaries, pilocytic astrocytoma and medulloblastoma with 2 cases each. There was also one case each of pineal tumour, craniopharyngioma, pituitary adenoma, vestibular schwannoma and oligodendroglioma and 6 indeterminate cases. The 3 spinal cord SOL were due to arachnoiditis, subdural abscess and tuberculoma. CONCLUSION: Tumours were more common than tuberculosis as a cause of SOL. However, tuberculoma represented a curable condition whereas for tumours the potential for cure depended on the site, pathology and stage. CT scan was of great help in the diagnosis and localization of SOL but, unfortunately,is still not available for the majority of the Papua New Guinea population.
Solutions ; X-Ray Computed Tomography ; seconds ; Papua New Guinea ; historical period