Objective To investigate the alterations and molecular mechanism of neural cell apoptosis after frontal lobe sharp injury in infant rats.Methods Brain damage was induced by frontal lobe sharp injury.dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) method was used to detect cell apoptosis after brain injury,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Bax,Bcl-2 proteins in and around the area of injury,respectively.Results The apoptosis cells were found as early as 1 hour and reached a peak at 24 hours post-injury,then gradually diminished until 120 hours when only few apoptosis cells presented.The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins increased significantly 1 hour after frontal lobe injury.Bax protein reached its peak at 12 hours while Bcl-2 protein reached its peak at 1 hour post-injury.The ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 increased after lesion with peak at 24 hours,and then decreased thereafter.At 120 hours,very weak expression of Bax and Bcl-2 protein detected.There were few Bax and Bcl-2 positive cells in frontal lobe cortex in blank control and sham operation group.Conclusions Cell apoptosis exists after frontal lobe sharp injury in infant rats and the change of the number of apoptotic cells is correlated with time course of post-injury.The ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 may play a vital role in cell apoptosis.

Objective To estimate the incidence and mortality rates of cancers in China in 2008.Methods Data from 36 cancer registry sites in China and from the Third National Death Survey in China (2004-2005) were used to estimate the incidence and mortality of cancer in China in 2008 by using mathematical models.Prediction on cancer incidence and mortality in the next 20 years was carried out.Results According to the age-standardized incidence rates,the top cancer sites were lung,stomach,liver,breast,oesophageal,colorectal,corpus uterine,cervical,leukemia and brain tumor.According to the age-standardized mortality rates,the top cancers in China were lung cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,oesophageal cancer,colorectal cancer,breast cancer,cervical cancer,leukemia,brain tumor and corpus uterine cancer.Cancer happened more frequently among people older than 40 years,particularly among males.Data related to prediction showed that the incidence and mortality of cancer in China would gradually increase in the next 20 years.Conclusion Both incidence and mortality of cancers in China had been increasing,with the most common cancers appeared to be lung,breast and digestive tract cancers,in China.People older than 40 years should be under specific care to receive prevention and care on cancer,with males in particular.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics in two families with early repolarization syndrome(ERS) and recurrent syncope. Method All family members including the probands were screened with routine clinical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, Holter recording,chest x-ray, head-up tilt test and blood biochemistry. Results There was no clinical evidence of organic heart disease in all members from the two families. Proband 1 showed recurrent syncope, ERS and repeated torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation were documented with resting ECG.ERS was detected in one brother, one nephew and one son from him and all were free of cardiac events including syncope, cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. Proband 2 showed recurrent syncope, ERS and ST segment arched upward elevation in V1 - V3 were documented by ECG. His father suffered sudden cardiac death at the age of 65 and asymptomatic ERS was detected in one of his nephew. Conclusions ERS is not always linked with benign clinical course and can sometimes lead to repeated synocope, torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Pedigree research is of importance for ERS.

Objective To observe the effect of different concentrations of glutamine(Gln)on the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer HT-29 cells and explore the possible mechanism.Methods According to different Gln concentrations,HT-29 cells at logarithmical growth were divided into control group(2 mmol/L,as the basal medium concentration group)and experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ(4,6 and 8 mmol/L).After a 2-hour pre-treatment,all groups were exposed to 8 Gy irradiation of a Co-60 radiation source.CCK-8 assay and clonal formation assay were used respectively to explore the effects of different Gln concentrations on cell viability and cell radiosensitivity after irradiation.The level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in each group was measured in 24 h after irradiation,and the apoptotic rate was detected with flow cytometry in 48 h after irradiation.The protein expression levels of Nrf2,HO-1,and cleaved-Caspase3 were determined by Western blotting.Results In 24 h after Gln intervention,the cell viability of experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲof non-irradiated HT-29 cells was significantly higher than that of the control group and of experimental group Ⅰ(P＜0.05).In 24 h after radiation,the cell viability of each experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).In 14 d after radiation,there were more clone formation in each experimental group than the control group(P＜0.05).The ROS level was significantly lower in each experimental group than the control group in 24 h after radiation(P＜0.05).After 48 h of radiation,the apoptotic rate was notably lower in each experimental group than the control group(P＜0.05).The expression level of Nrf2 in the experimental group Ⅰ was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05),those of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were higher than those of the control group and experimental group Ⅰ(P＜0.05).While the expression of cleaved-Caspase3 in the experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was lower than the control group and experimental group Ⅰ(P＜0.05),and it in the experimental group Ⅲ was lower than that of experimental group Ⅱ(P＜0.05).Conclusion Gln can significantly reduce the radiosensitivity of HT-29 cells,which is associated with its reducing oxidative stress damage and reducing cell apoptosis.Our results suggest that Gln might be detrimental to radiation therapy in patients with colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate whether elevated baseline levels of high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and neutrophil (NE) are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Kailuan female cohort. Methods Females from Kailuan cohort (2006-2007) were included in this study. Information on check-up, hsCRP and NE were collected at baseline for all subjects. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of association between baseline hsCRP and NE values and breast cancer risk. Results By December 31, 2015, a total of 18 866 participants were enrolled in this study. During the follow-up, 183 new cases of breast cancer were observed. All participants were divided into three groups according to the level of hsCRP (<1 mg/L, 1-3 mg/L and >3 mg/L). The cumulative incidence of breast cancer were 829/105, 1 211/105 and 1 495/105 in these 3 groups, respectively ( 2=12.08， P=0.002). Compared with participants with lower hsCRP levels (<1 mg/L), individuals with the highest hsCRP (>3 mg/L) levels had significantly increased risk of breast cancer (HR=1.71,95%CI: 1.18-2.47, P=0.005), howerver, we didn’t find the statistically significant association between NE level (<3.70×109/Lvs. ≥3.70×109/L) and the risk of brease cancer (P>0.05). Conclusions Elevated levels of hsCRP at baseline might increase the risk of breast cancer in females.

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine Sanqi Oral Liquid, composed of Astragalus membranaceus and Panpax notoginseng, in alleviating renal injury by observing its effect on the expressions of CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD68(+) cells in 5/6 nephrectomized rats with chronic renal failure.

METHODSA total of 102 SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: three treatment groups were administrated with high, medium and low dosage of Sanqi Oral Liquid respectively by gavage; a normal group, a 5/6 nephrectomized model group, and a group treated with coated aldehyde oxygenstarch were used as controls. Following oral administration of Sanqi Oral Liquid for 12 weeks, the general condition and renal pathological changes were observed, and the renal function, platelet count (PLT) and the expressions of CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD68(+) cells were determined for each group.

RESULTSThere were proliferation of mesangial matrix, renaltubularnecrosis and obvious tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the model group, and they were much milder in the treatment groups. Compared with the model group, the amounts of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr) and PLT in the treatment groups decreased (P<0.05 for all); and in the group administrated of medium dosage of Sanqi Oral Liquid, the expression of CD4(+) cells was up-regulated and those of CD8(+) and CD68(+) cells were down-regulated (P<0.05 for all), leading to an increased ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+)(P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSanqi Oral Liquid has a significant effect on regulating lymphocyte subsets, reducing the infiltration of macrophages in renal tissues and alleviating tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and this may be one of mechanisms of Sanqi Oral Liquid in delaying the progression of chronic kidney diseases.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiology ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solutions

Objective:To investigate the count of circulating tumor cells(CTC)as well as the mutation of TP53 and PI3K gene in patients with early breast cancer, and to analyze the relationship between the gene mutation and clinicopathological features.Methods:A total of 30 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and benign breast masses were collected during January to February 2015.CellSearch method was used to detect CTCs in blood.The mutations of TP53 (p.R248Q,p.R273H,p.R175H)and PI3K(p.E545K,p.H1047R)in patients' blood,CTC,and urine were detected by droplet digital PCR techniques(ddPCR).Meanwhile,the clinical data of all patients were collected including age of onset, tumor size,histological grade,molecular typing,axillary lymph node status,and Ki-67.The relationship between the mutations and clinicopathological features was analyzed.Results:A total of 82(18.9%)were found positive mutations in 435 samples from 29 patients with blood,CTC,and urine samples.The mutation rate of each gene was different,the highest was TP53(p.R175H)with 29 samples(6.7%),the lowest was PI3K(p.E545K)having only 1 sample(0.2%).The mutation rates of five genes were statistically different(χ2 = 50.133,P< 0.001).There were significant differences in the mutation rates among five genes of CTC,blood,and urine(likelihood ratio = 14.204,P= 0.007;χ2 = 25.172,P< 0.001;χ2 =16.681,P=0.002).The highest mutation rate was TP53(p.R175H)in the three types of specimens.There was a correlation between TP53 gene mutation and the clinicopathological features of some patients with breast cancer.The molecular type of breast cancer and the degree of Ki-67 were correlated with the mutation of TP53(p.R248Q)in CTC specimen(Fisher's Exact Test = 10.839,P=0.003;P=0.028).The axillary lymph node metastasis was related to the mutation of TP 53(p.R175H) gene in CTC specimens(P=0.058).Conclusions:The molecular classification of breast cancer and the degree of tumor marker Ki-67 are associated with TP53(p.R248Q)mutation in CTC specimens from patients with early breast cancer.Axillary lymph node metastasis may also be associated with TP53(p.R175H)mutation in CTC specimens.It is suggested that the mutation of TP53 gene in CTC specimens may be a potential indicator for the selection of treatment regimen and prognosis of early breast cancer.

In the canonical version of evolution by gene duplication,one copy is kept unaltered while the other is free to evolve.This process of evolutionary experimentation can persist for millions of years.Since it is so short lived in comparison to the lifetime of the core genes that make up the majority of most genomes,a substantial fraction of the genome and the transcriptome may-in principle-be attributable to what we will refer to as "evolutionarytransients",referring here to both the process and the genes that have gone or are undergoing this process.Using the rice gene set as a test case,we argue that this phenomenon goes a long way towards explaining why there are so many more rice genes than Arabidopsis genes,and why most excess rice genes show low similarity to eudicots.

OBJECTIVEIn mid-July 2005, five patients presented with septic shock to a hospital in Ziyang city in Sichuan, China, to identify the etiology of the unknown reason disease, an epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory study were conducted.

METHODSAn enhanced surveillance program were established in Sichuan, the following activities were introduced: active case finding in Sichuan of (a) laboratory diagnosed Streptococcus suis infection and (b) clinically diagnosed probable cases with exposure history; supplemented by (c) monitoring reports on meningococcal meningitis. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection was confirmed by culture and biochemical reactions, followed by sequencing for specific genes for serotype and virulence factors.

RESULTSFrom June 10 to August 21, 2005, 68 laboratory confirmed cases of human Streptococcus suis infections were reported. All were villagers who gave a history of direct exposure to deceased or sick pigs in their backyards where slaughtering was performed. Twenty six (38%) presented with toxic shock syndrome of which 15 (58%) died. Other presentations were septicaemia or meningitis. All isolates were tested positive for genes for tuf, species-specific 16S rRNA, cps2J, mrp, ef and sly. There were 136 clinically diagnosed probable cases with similar exposure history but incomplete laboratory investigations.

CONCLUSIONAn outbreak of human Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infections occurred in villagers after direct exposure to deceased or sick pigs in Sichuan. Prohibition of slaughtering in backyards brought the outbreak to a halt. A virulent strain of the bacteria is speculated to be in circulation, and is responsible for the unusual presentation of toxic shock syndrome with high case fatality.

Animals ; Bacteremia ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Shock, Septic ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Streptococcal Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; veterinary ; Streptococcus suis ; isolation & purification ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; microbiology

OBJECTIVE: To compare the registration accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) facial scans for the design of full-arch implant supported restoration by five methods and to explore the suitable registration method. METHODS: According to the criteria, ten patients with maxillary edentulous jaw or end-stage dentition requiring implant supported restorations were enrolled in this study. A special rim with individual feature marks reflected appropriate occlusal relationship and esthetic characteristics was made for each patient. Both 3D facial scan data of natural laughter and with opener traction to expose the teeth or occlusal rim of each patient were acquired by facial scan and input to the digital analysis software Geomagic Qualify 2012. The dataset was superimposed by five different methods: seven facial anatomical landmark points alignment, facial immobile area alignment (forehead and nasal area), facial anatomical landmark points and immobile area combining alignment, facial feature points alignment, facial and intraoral feature points alignment with the same local coordinate system. The three-dimensional deviation of the same selected area was calculated, the smaller the deviation, the higher the registration accuracy. The 3D deviation was compared among the three registration methods of facial anatomical landmark points, facial immobile area alignment and the combination of the above two methods. Friedman test was performed to analyze the difference among the three methods (α=0.05). The effect of the aid of the facial and intraoral feature points were evaluated. Paired t test were performed to analyze the difference (P<0.05). RESULTS: The average three-dimensional deviation of the selected area after alignment with the facial anatomical landmarks was (1.501 2±0.406 1) mm, significantly larger than that of the facial immobile area best-fit alignment [(0.629 1±0.150 6) mm] and the combination of the two methods[(0.629 1±0.150 6) mm] (P < 0.001). The aid of the facial feature points could significantly reduce the deviation (t=1.001 3, P < 0.001). There was no significant statistical difference in the remaining groups. CONCLUSION The forehead area of the 3D facial scan can be exposed as much as possible. The establishment of facial characteristic landmark points and the use of the invariant area alignment can improve the accuracy of registration. It should be clinically feasible to apply three-dimensional facial scan to the design of full-arch implant supported restoration with the registration of the immobile area on the face especially the forehead area.
Computer-Aided Design ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Jaw, Edentulous/diagnostic imaging* ; Maxilla/diagnostic imaging* ; Radionuclide Imaging