As an important transmembrane protein in brain microvascular endothelial cells tight junction, occludin plays important roles in regulating and maintaining blood-brain barrier permeability. Its abnormal expression can increase blood-brain barrier permeability. In order to provide some theoretical supports for the roles of studying occludin intensively in the mechanisms of blood-brain barrier permeability-related diseases and targets for pharmacological intervention, this article reviews the roles of occludin in the molecular composition and functional maintenance of blood-brain barrier tight junction, as well as the changes of cerebral microvascular permeability during hypoxia.

Objective To optimize antiarrhythmic drugs in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter patient different duration,improve the success rate and safety of cardioversion.Methods Make a retrospective analysis of 180 atrial flutter and 180 atrial fibrillation patients data,which were divided into group ibutilide,propafenone group and amiodarone group,Each group were further divided into duration ≤ 3d ＞ 3d,n =30,cardioversion rate was compared after 1.5h,and aralyzed by SPSS16.0.Results Atrial flutter cardioversion rate of ibutilide group ≤3d and 3d was 90％ and 83.33％ ;propafenone≤3d and 3d were 76.67％ and 36.67％,amineamiodarone were 73.33％ and 33.33％,cardioversion rate of three groups had no significant difference when atrial flutter duration ≤3d,P ＞ 0.05 ;Ibutilide cardioversion was significantly higher than propafenone,amiodarone when atrial flutter duration ＞ 3d,P ＜0.05 ;atrial fibrillation cardioversion rate of ibutilide group≤3d and 3d was 80％ and 73.33％ ;propafenone≤3d and 3d were 43.33％ and 26.67％,amineamiodarone were 50％ and 36.67％,Ibutilide cardioversion was significantly higher than propafenone,amiodarone when atrial flutter duration ≤3d,P ＜ 0.05; Ibutilide cardioversion was significantly higher than propafenone,amiodarone when atrial flutter duration ＞ 3d,P ＜0.05 ;the atrial flutter,atrial fibrillation total cardioversion rate of three groups were 81.67％,45.83％,48.33％,ibutilide was significantly higher than propafenone,amiodarone (P ＜ 0.05 ) ;the atrial fluttercardioversion of ibutilide was significantly higher than the atrial fibrillation rate( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion For the duration of ≤ 3d patients,atrial flutter cardioversion rate of ibutilide.oropafenone,and amiodarone did not differ significantly,but the atrial fibrillation cardioversion rate of ibutilide was significantly higher;For the duration of＞ 3d patients,the atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation cardioversion rate of Ibutilide were higher than propafenone and amiodarone,when choose ibutilide,propafenone,or amiodarone for treating atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation according to individual arrhythmia.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate the relationship among age,menopausal status,serum 25 (OH)VD and skeletal metabolism index as PTH (Parathyroid Hormone),CA(Calcium),P (Phosphorus) and boned mineral density (BMD) of climacteric female in Xi'an.Methods 352 cases of healthy women at the age of 40～60 were collected who did routine examination in outpatient building of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2016 to April 2016.According to the results of skeletal density test,all subjects were divided into 3 groups as the normal group (T＞-1),the reduction group (-2.5＜T＜-1),the osteoporosis group (T＜-2.5).Electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) was used to detect levels of serum 25 (OH)VD,PTH,CA and P.Kruskal-Wallis test and chi-square test were used to analyze differences of age,serum 25(OH)VD,PTH,CA and P in different levels of bone mineral density groups.Results Compared with bone density normal group 2.24(2.18～2.29)mmol/L,serum CA levels of bone mineral density reduction group 2.27 (2.20 ～ 2.32)mmol/L and osteoporosis group 2.27(2.23～2.33)mmol/L were significantly higher (Z=9.669,P＜0.01).Serum P levels of bone mineral density reduction group 1.15 (1.09～ 1.23)mmol/L and osteoporosis group 1.18 (1.09～ 1.25)mmol/L were obviously higher than bone density normal group,1.11 (0.99 ～ 1.23) mmol/L (Z =13.64,P＜ 0.01).Ages of osteoporosis group 54(50～57) years and bone mineral density reduction group 51 (47～ 54) years were significantly older than Bone density normal group 47(43～50) years (Z=73.08,P＜0.01).The rate of menopause in osteoporosis group and bone mineral density reduction group were significantly higher than in bone density normal group (x2 =13.81,P＜ 0.01).There was no statistical difference in serum 25(OH)VD and PTH between groups.Conclusion This study found boned density of climacteric women is more likely correlated with age,menopause status and levels of serum CA and P.There was not enough evidence to prove that 25 (OH)VD and PTH have effect on skeletal density.Therefore,to monitor and detect the menopause status and levels of serum CA and P of climacteric female is critical for the prevention and treatment on osteoporosis of women.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of flavored Siwu granules in the clinical adjuvant treatment for phlegm and blood stasis mutual junction retinal vein occlusion.
METHODS: Sixty patients (60 eyes) were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, both with retinal laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide, but the treatment group used flavored siwu granules. Vision, fundus change, fundus fluorescein angiography, clinical syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ), hemorheology examination and safety assessment were evaluated before and 8wk after treatment.
RESULTS: At 8wk after treatment, there were differences on vision improvement, retinal circulation time, whole blood low shear viscosity and total efficient rate of clinical syndrome of TCM, compared with control group(P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Flavored siwu granules adjuvant for phlegm and blood stasis mutual junction retinal vein occlusion can improve visual acuity and reduce the eye complications.

Objective To construct a luciferase reporter plasmid containing interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF-3)human gene promoter and to evaluate promoter activity in human embryonic kidney(HEK)-293 cells.Methods The 1 000 bp fragment was amplified by PCR with human genomic DNA as a template and was directionally cloned into pGL3-basic multiple cloning sites to construct the luciferase repor-ter plasmid pGL3-pIRF-3.Transfection of HEK-293 cells with the promoter-driven lucife-rase construct was performed to induce lucife-rase gene expression and calculate the relative luciferase activity unit(RLU).Promoter sequence of 1 000 bp upstream of transcription initiation site of IRF-3 was analyzed by using Promoter 2.0 Prediction software.Results DNA sequencing and restriction endonuclease analysis verified the successful construction of the plasmid pGL3-pIRF-3.This IRF-3 promoter exhibited a strong promoter activity with an increase of 42.2-fold of RLU in HEK-293 cells when compared with pGL-3 basic vector.The transfection experiment confirmed that the levels of its activation were significantly higher than that in controls in HEK-293 cells.Function analysis of IRF-3 promoter disclosed seve-ral GATA-1 and specific protein 1(Sp1) sites and E2F in minimal promoter region.Conclusion The plasmid pGL3-pIRF-3 promoter is successfully constructed and has a strong basal promoter activity in HEK-293 cells.

Objective To study the effect of Licofelone,a novel non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug,on the expression of Fractalkine induced by interleukin-18(IL-18) in mesangial cells.Methods Rat mesangial cells were cultured and divided into IL-18 stimulated group,Licofelone-treated group and normal control group.The cells in IL-18 stimulated group were stimulated by 10 ?g/L IL-18 for 24 h.In Licofelone-treated group,ahead of exposure of IL-18 for 24 h,cells were treated with Licofelone in the doses of 10,50 and 100 ?mol/L for 30 min.Additionally,the mesangial cells without treatment of IL-18 and Licofelone were used as normal control group.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to measure the level of Fractalkine mRNA.The expressions of Fractalkine protein in every group were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results In normal control group,the expression level of Fractalkine mRNA was 179.0?21.0.After exposure of IL-18 for 24 h,the level of Fractalkine mRNA was 1 220.1?185.7,which was higher than that in normal control group (t=9.646 P

Objective To forward the concept of solution space of pharmacokinetics for studying radiophannaceutical distributions in animal models. Methods On the basis of special solutions of differential equations of pharmacokinetics, the solution space was established using the characteristics of linearly independent particular solutions and used to express the pharmacokinetics of pharmaceuticals in vivo. 0. 2 ml (7.4 MBq) 2β-carbomethoxy-3β- (4-corophenyl)-8-(2-18F-fluoroethyl) nortropane (18F-FECNT) was injected through tail vein into normal mice. The mice were sacrificed by decapitation at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min post-injection. Brain tissues were removed and weighed, and radioactivity was counted with the γ-counter. The solution space theory was used to study pharmacokinetics of 18F-FECNT in brain tissues of mice. Results The result showed that all solutions of pharmacokinetics models, based on differential equations, were included in the solution space. The solution of any organ or tissue could be linearly expressed by bases of the solution space. When the dimension number of the solution space was no more than 3, the solution could be directly expressed with coordinate picture. By this rule in our theory, the quantity of 18F-FECNT in brain tissues of mice changed with time, which was accorded with the experiment. The coordinates of striatum, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, occipital cortex, parietal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum in the solution space were ( 10.13, 1.49), (4.27, 0. 84), (4.48, 0.81 ), (2.89, 0.98), (3.65, 0. 83),(3.55, 0. 98) and (2.03, 1.25 ), respectively. Conclusion The theory of solution space could be used to study pharmacokinetics of 18 F-FECNT in mice brain.

Aged ; Cytoplasm ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; Female ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; pathology ; Plasma Cells ; pathology

Objective To study the clinical application of proportional assisted ventilation (PAV) in the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure.Method From March 2011 to October 2013,a retrospective study was conducted on newborns receiving ventilation therapy for respiratory failure.The newborns were assigned into PAV group and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) group.Arterial blood pH 、partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2)、partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygenation index (OI) were compared at the time before ventilation and 2 h,6 h,12 h,24 h after ventilation.The frequency of sedative usage and average time of ventilation between the two groups were compared.Result A total of 30 cases were enrolled in the PAV group and the SIMV group respectively.Before ventilation,no statically significant differences existed on blood pH[(7.13 ± 0.12)、(7.14 ±0.11)],PaO2[(41.1 ±8.9),(40.8±8.8) mmHg],PaCO2[(76.4±12.6),(73.2±13.5) mmHg]and OI between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).2 h after ventilation,the blood pH [(7.25 ± 0.17)、(7.23 ± 0.15)],PaO2 [(51.0 ± 5.6)、(48.6 ± 5.3) mmHg] and OI were significantly improved,while PaCO2 [(66.3 ± 8.7)、(64.0 ± 7.5) mmHg] decreased.Comparing with data before ventilation,those parameters were statistically improved at each time point after ventilation (P ＜ 0.01).But no statistically differences existed between the two groups at the same time (P ＞ 0.05).Sedatives were used (2.3 ± 1.2)times/case in PAV group and (3.9 ± 2.2) in SIMV group,with statistically differences between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Average duration of ventilation were (5.1 ± 1.9) d in PAV group and (5.4 ± 2.1) d in SIMV group,with no statistically differences between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion PAV is very effective in treating the neonatal respiratory failure and worth spreading.