Objective To study the curative effect and adverse reaction of Oxcarbazepine(OXC)on treating epilepsy in children.Me-thods One hundred and twenty-nine children with different types of epilepsy were orally given OXC,and the drug dose was added gradually.According to the seizure frequency,the cases were divided into 2 groups.Group A:more than 3 seizures occurred in 3 months prior to to take OXC;group B:more than 3 seizures occurred in 1 year prior to taking OXC.After 5 months and 1 year from beginning to take OXC,the original curative effect of the 2 groups was evaluated,respectively;on the other hand,the adverse reaction and the retention were studied.Results 1.Original effect:the rate of seizure-free was 45.8% and the total curative efficiency was 66.7% in group A(n=47);the rate of seizure-free was 92.3% in group B(n=13);in 60 partial epilepsy children,the rate of seizure-free was 56.7% and the total curative efficiency was 73.3%;Both rates were 62.2% and 75.6% of patients with OXC monotherapy and 40%,66.7% of patients were given OXC in combination with another antiepileptic drugs.2.Drug adverse reaction:24% of patients were found to have adverse reaction and most of the symptoms were light and most transient.3.Tolerability:patients' retention of OXC in 1 year was 72.2%,and in 2 years was 80.0%.Conclusions The antiepileptic effect of OXC is satisfactory and adverse reaction is light and mostly transient,OXC as a new antiepileptic drug is well tolerated as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy and should be used extensively.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2009,24(1):53-55

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of NFkappaB p65 and its target genes in intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia (Dys), gastric cancer (GC) infected with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and explore the mechanism of infection by cytotoxin-associated antigen A expressing Hp (CagA(+)Hp) in the development of gastric cancer.

METHODSCagA antibody in blood sample of 289 patients was determined by ELISA. Hp was detected by rapid urease test and Warthin starry staining. Expression of NFkappaB p65 and its target genes in IM, Dys and GC was examined by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn IMI approximately II, IMIII, DysI, DysII approximately III and GC, the expression of NFkappaB p65 was significantly higher in patients with CagA(+)Hp infection than those without CagA Hp infection. In IMIII and DysII approximately III, the expression of NFkappaB p65, c-myc, CyclinD(1) and bcl-xl was significantly higher in patients with CagA Hp infection than those without CagA Hp infection. In gastric cancer infected with CagA(+)Hp, the expression of NFkappaB p65, c-myc, CyclinD(1) and bcl-xl was significantly higher in intestinal type than in diffuse type.

CONCLUSIONThere are different mechanisms in intestinal type and diffuse type in the development of gastric cancer. The occurrence of intestinal type gastric cancer is associated with CagA(+)Hp infection which by NFkappaB p65 upregulating the expression of c-myc, CyclinD(1),bcl-xl in patients with IMIII, DysII approximately III. It may be an effective method to prevent gastric cancer by inhibiting NFkappaB p65.

Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, Bacterial ; analysis ; Bacterial Proteins ; analysis ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precancerous Conditions ; metabolism ; microbiology ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; microbiology ; pathology ; Transcription Factor RelA ; genetics ; metabolism ; bcl-X Protein ; metabolism

Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Infant ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVEEnvironmental estrogens at an elevated concentration are known to produce adverse effects on human and animal life. However, the majority of researches have been focused on industrial discharges, while the impact of livestock wastes as a source of endocrine disrupters in aquatic environments has been rarely elucidated. In order to investigate the contribution of environmental estrogens from livestock, the estrogenic activity in water samples from a farm wastewater treatment plant was analyzed by a recombinant yeast screening method.

METHODSThe extracts prepared from 15 selected water samples from the farm wastewater treatment plant, among which 6 samples were from pre-treatment section (influents) and 9 from post-treatment section (effluents), were analyzed for estrogenic activity by cellar bioassay. Yeast cells transfected with the expression plasmid of human estrogen receptor and the Lac Z reporter plasmid encoding beta-galactossidase, were used to measure the estrogen-like compounds in the farm wastewater treatment plant.

RESULTSThe wastewater samples from influents showed a higher estrogenic potency than the effluent samples showing a low induction of beta-galactossidase relative to solvent control condition. By comparison with a standard curve for 17 beta-estradiol (E2), estrogenic potency in water samples from the influents was calculated as E2-equivalent and ranged from 0.1 to 150 pM E2-equivalent. The estrogenic potency in water samples from the effluents was significantly lower than that in the influents, and 7 water samples had less detectable limit in the total of 9 samples.

CONCLUSIONYeast bioassay of estrogenic activity in most of the samples from the farm wastewater after disposal by traditional sewage treatment showed negative results.

Agriculture ; Biological Assay ; methods ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estrogens ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Genetic Engineering ; Industrial Waste ; analysis ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; drug effects ; genetics ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; analysis

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of pediatric CNS atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor(AT/RT)and evaluate the role of INI1 antibody on the differential diagnosis and prognosis of AT/RT.Methods The clinical data and pathological features of 12-year-old boy with AT/RT were concluded.The protein expression of INI1 was detected by immunohistochemistry;follow-up was performed and relative documents of that disease were compared;the above data were retrospectively analyzed.Results Mioroanatomy showed typical teratoid cells and primitive mesenchymal cells in the tumor.Both of these 2 tumor components displayed positive reactions of vimentin and CD99.The SMA and EMA positive expressions were noted in the teratoid cells.Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that INI1 antibody was nuclear negative in tumor cells,but positive within endothelial cells of the blood.Follow-up information showed the patient was dead 2 months after the operation.Conclusions CNS atypical AT/RT is highly aggressive tumor.The appearance of rhabdoid cells is its important morphologic features and its main differential diagnosis evidence.Mesenchymal components and the various results of immunohistochemical staining indicate that AT/RT tumor cells,having the character of the embryonal tumors,have various differentiation potential.The expression of INI1 antibody suggests that a mutation or deletion in the INI1 gene occurs in the tumor,which has important value in diagnosing and differentiating the tumor.

OBJECTIVETo explore the association between the progression of gastric cancer and the aberrant methylation of CDH1 gene in preoperative abdominal lavage fluid.

METHODSReal-time methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction(qMSP) was used to investigate the methylation status of the CDH1 gene promoter 5'-CpG islands from preoperative abdominal lavage fluid in 92 patients with gastric cancer. The associations between methylation of CDH1 genes and clinicopathologic features and prognosis were investigated.

RESULTSAmong the 92 patients with gastric cancer, aberrant methylation of CDH1 gene was detected in 45(48.9%) patients, including total aberrant methylation in 12(13.0%) cases and partly aberrant methylation in 33(35.9%) cases. Significant associations were found between CDH1 methylation status and tumor size, growth pattern, differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and clinical staging(all P<0.05). However, there were no significant associations between CDH1 methylation status with gender, age, tumor location, or Helicobacter pylori infection(all P>0.05). The median progression-free survival was 20 months for CDH1 methylation group and 38 months for non-methylated group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). Cox model analysis revealed that CDH1 methylation status in preoperative peritoneal lavage fluid was an independent factor associated with postoperative survival in patients with gastric cancer(P=0.000, RR=332.88, 95%CI:21.71-5105.07).

CONCLUSIONSThe aberrant methylation of 5'-CpG of CDH1 gene promoter is common in gastric cancer. The examination of CDH1 methylation status of abdominal lavage should be considered in the progression of gastric cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Cadherins ; genetics ; CpG Islands ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Yisui Shengxue Granule (, YSSXG), a complex Chinese medicine, on the oxidative damage of erythrocytes from patients with hemoglobin H (HbH) disease.

METHODSTwenty-two patients with HbH disease and 22 healthy volunteers were observed. YSSXG was given to patients with HbH disease for 3 months. Before and after the 3-month treatment, blood parameters [hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), and reticulocyte percent (Ret)] were examined; inclusion bodies in erythrocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); activities of antioxidant defense enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (Cat)] and erythrocyte membrane malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined.

RESULTSIn patients with HbH disease, measured values of RBC and Hb obtained from the first to the third months after treatment with YSSXG were significantly higher than before treatment (P<0.01). Measured values of Ret from the second to the third months after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Prior to treatment with YSSXG, TEM images of RBCs showed the presence of numerous inclusion bodies. After treatment with YSSXG, the amount and volume of inclusion bodies decreased. Treatment with YSSXG also led to a significant increase in SOD activity (P<0.01), a decrease in Cat activity (P<0.01), and no significant differences in GSHPx activity (P>0.05) or MDA concentration (P>0.05). However, compared with the healthy counterparts, SOD, GSH-Px, and Cat activities presented at high levels (P<0.01) both before and after treatment.

CONCLUSIONSYSSXG could improve the degree of hemolysis and anemia in patients with HbH disease. The mechanism may be related to its antioxidative effects, which could elevate the activity of total SOD in erythrocytes and efficiently inhibit the oxidative precipitation of β-globin chains.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Catalase ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; drug effects ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Female ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Young Adult ; alpha-Thalassemia ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology

Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the molecular characteristics of noroviruses detected in Beijing.

METHODSFrom January to March 2007, cases from both outbreaks and sporadic episodes of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis were investigated in Beijing, and the fecal specimens of the patients were collected. Noroviruses were detected by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and then the PCR products were cloned and sequenced.

RESULTSA total of 27 positive cases were identified as caused by noroviruses among the 38 patients with acute viral gastroenteritis, and four PCR products were randomly selected for further studies on sequencing. When comparing to the nucleotide sequences of norovirus reference strains from GenBank, the highest homology was found between the four isolates and the norovirus GII/4 strains. The four strains isolated from Beijing were almost identical to the GII/4 variants that causing epidemics in the Netherlands and in Japan with the homology of 97.8%-98.5% and 95.2%-95.9%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the four isolates were located at the same branch as the norovirus GII/4 variants in Netherlands and Japan.

CONCLUSIONNew norovirus GII/4 variants were found in Beijing, and data from sequence analysis showed that the four isolates and the epidemic strains isolated from both the Netherlands and Japan in 2006 belonged to the same group of norovirus GII/4.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; China ; epidemiology ; Gastroenteritis ; virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Norovirus ; enzymology ; Phylogeny ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of microRNA (miRNA, miR)-1914-3p regulating the expression of ARL4C and affecting the invasion and proliferation of renal cancer cells.Methods:Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of miR-1914-3p in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of 53 renal cancer patients, 4 types of renal cancer cell lines (ACHN, OS-RC-2, 786-O, A498) and normal proximal renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2). The nonsense sequence (NC) and miR-1914-3p mimic were transiently transfected into renal cancer cells with the lowest miR-1914-3p expression by liposome method, namely the NC group and miR-1914-3p group. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of miR-1914-3p in transfected cells. Transwell invasion test and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) were used to detect the invasion and proliferation ability of each group of cells. Bioinformatics software and dual luciferase gene report experiment were used to predict and test the targeted regulation mechanism of miR-1914-3p on target genes. qRT-PCR and Western blot was conducted to analyze the target gene expression level in cells of each group.Results:The expression level of miR-1914-3p in renal cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues ( P<0.01). The expression level of miR-1914-3p in renal cancer cell lines was significantly lower than that in HK-2 cell lines ( P<0.01), and the expression of miR-1914-3p in OS-RC-2 cells was the lowest ( P<0.01). The expression of miR-1914-3p in the NC group and the miR-1914-3p group were (1.04±0.17) and (11.40±0.91), respectively. The expression level of miR-1914-3p in the miR-1914-3p group was significantly increased ( P<0.01), indicating that the transfection was successful. Overexpression of miR-1914-3p can significantly inhibit the invasion ( P<0.01) and proliferation ( P<0.05) of renal cancer OS-RC-2 cells. Dual luciferase gene report experiment indicated that the target gene of miR-1914-3p may be ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4C (ARL4C); miR-1914-3p can significantly inhibit the luciferase activity of wild-type ARL4C-3′UTR ( P<0.01). Overexpression of miR-1914-3p decreased the expression of ARL4C mRNA and protein in OS-RC-2 cells ( P<0.01), and decreased the expression of cell invasion phenotype proteins (Snail, Slug) and cell proliferation phenotype proteins (Mcm2, Mcm7) ( P<0.01). Conclusions:miR-1914-3p is low-expressed in renal cell carcinoma. It inhibits the invasion and proliferation of renal cell carcinoma OS-RC-2 cells through targeted interference with the expression of the oncogene ARL4C, and participates in the occurrence and development of renal cell carcinoma.