Animals ; Humans ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Thallium ; analysis ; metabolism

The 109th Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association was held in Orlando, Florida, USA in May 2014, which received more than 1,000 abstracts on prostate cancer (PCa), covering new epidemiological data about PCa, new theories of early screening, novel molecular markers, new surgical methods, new ideas of diagnosis and treatment of castration-resistant PCa, and progress in basic researches. This paper focuses on the new theories of early screening and novel molecular markers of PCa, including the risk factors of PCa, a revolutionary understanding of the relationship between testosterone and PCa, and new application of PSA, new imaging techniques and molecular markers in the early diagnosis of PCa.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Florida ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Risk Factors ; Societies, Medical ; Testosterone ; blood ; United States ; Urology

Objective:To determine distribution of fungal florae of candial balanoposthitis (CBP),the relatioship between antibiotics administration and candial infection and the major source of opportunistic pathogens.Methods:The fungal strains were collected and identified,and the history of antibiotic administration was reviewed.Results:①Foreign fungi were predominant pathogens of CBP;②Dysbacteriosis induced by antibiotics stimulated the growth of foreign fungi,which resulted in CBP;③There was a positive relationship between fungal distribution of male patients and their sexual partners.Conclusion:In order to reduce the incidence of CBP safe coition and reasonalbe administration of antibiotics should be emphasized.

Objective To investigate the expression of Interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma.Methods Forty cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma ( PCNSL) , 11 cases of secondary central nervous system lymphomas( SCNS) , 20 cases of brain metastase, 20 cases of central nervous system infection and 16 cases of other nervous system disease( ONSD) were collected during the period from July 2013 to December 2015 in Fudan University Hua Shan Hospital North.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.The overall level of each group was compared using Kruskal-Wallis test.Two independent samples were compared by U Mann-Whitney test.The diagnostic value of IL-6 and IL-10 levels for PCNSL was evaluated by ROC curve.Results In PCNSL group, BM group, SCNSL group, CNSI group and ONSD group, the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were not statistically significant ( H values were 4.165 and 5.368, respectively, P>0.05).IL-6 levels in CSF were significantly higher in CNSI[623.73 (1018.77-184.37) pg/ml] than those in other groups ( ZPCNSL =51.36, ZSCNSL =28.18, ZBM =51.50, ZCNSI =85.45, ZONSD =42.16, P<0.05 ) .The levels of IL-10 in CSF were significantly higher in CNSI and PCNSL than those in other groups ( ZPCNSL =74.50, ZSCNSL =34.68, ZBM =35.35, ZCNSI =72.95, ZONSD =15.66, P<0.05).The levels of IL-10 in CSF in PCNSL group[64.88(20.03-206.14)pg/ml]was significantly higher than in SCNSL group[6.28(2.78-18.87)pg/ml, Z=-3.753,P<0.05], BM group[7.30(3.72 -14.49) pg/ml, Z=-5.034,P<0.05] and ONSD group [3.14(2.931-4.20)pg/ml, Z=-5.786,P<0.05].The area under the ROC curve of IL-6 and IL-10 levels in CSF was 0.461 and 0.806 respectively for the diagnosis of PCNSL.When IL-10 was 19.62 pg/ml, the sensitivity was 77.5% ( 31/40 ) and the specificity was 70.1% ( 47/67 ) .The area under the ROC curve of CSF IL-6 and IL-10 levels was 0.861 and 0.718 respectively for the diagnosis of CNSI.When IL-6 was 155.12 pg/ml, the sensitivity was 80.0% (16/20) and the specificity was 90.8% (79/87).When IL-10 was 26.76 pg/ml, the sensitivity was 80.0% ( 16/20 ) and the specificity was 66.7% ( 58/87 ) . Conclusion The expression levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in CSF can be used as an indicator for the differential diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Objective To evaluate the DLC-l gene promoter methylation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL)in children by methylation specific-PCR(MSP),explore the its prognostic value.Methods Both pyrosequecing and MSP was used to detect DLC-1 gene methylation in bone marrow samples from 34 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia,5 normal bone marrow samples and acute leukemia T cell line 6T-CET.DLC-1 mRNA expression in cells with、or without treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine wag investigated by real time RT-PCR Results MSP analysis showed that DLC-1 promoter methylation Was identified in 21 of bone marrow samples from ALL patients,but was absent in 5 normal bone marrow specimens.These results were completely agreement with pyrosequencing analysis.In additional,the latter can give the quantitative analysis of methylation status in specific CpG sites.No association Was observed between DLC-1 methylation and patient’S clinical-biologic characteristics including age,gender,WBC count,FAB classification,immunology typing and clinical typing(P>0.05)In 18 ALL patients achieving complete remission(CR)witIl DLC-1 methylation,14 relapsed in 12 monthhs,while only 4 relapsed in 1 patients without DLC-1 gene metllylation.Treatment of the cell line 6T-CEM harboring methylation with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine increased DLC-1 expression in dose dependent manner. Conclusions This is the first report of high frequency of promoter methylation of DLC-1 in ALL It shows that DLC-1 methylation iS useful for predicting relapse of ALL.Pyrosequencing assay Call provide a sensitive,easy-to-use method for quantitative assessment of DLC-1 methylation.

Pathology is the bridge of medicine between basic and clinic.It is needed for the graduate students of pathology to supplement the study of surgical pathology that is lacked now for adaptation to the employment situation as the qualified personnel in the field.

Objective Under the ISO15189 and America Association of Pathologists ( CAP ) laboratory accreditation system, to establish the performance verification standards for detecting hepatitis B virus resistance gene by sanger sequencing.Methods 25 cases of HBV drug resistance outpatients and inpatients were collected from August 2012 to December in Hepatitis Clinic of Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University.Analytical performance parameters including analytical sensitivity, precision, accuracy, analytical specificity, reference range/reportable range, etc were evaluated.Sequencing quality evaluation parameters included fluorescence signal intensity overall sequencing chromatogram, signal to noise ratio, trace scores and QV value.Results 10%-20% mutation could be detected under wild-type background. The methool had good precision and accuracy.No obvious interference and cross contamination were observed.Conclusions Performance validation of the sequencing should combine with the practical application.Especially in view of the different detection subjects, and appropriately adjusted to meet the clinical needs.Detection of hepatitis B virus resistance gene by the in the test method in this study can be used in clinical detection.

AlM: To investigate the refractive status of the preschool children in Xiantao, Hubei Province in order to find out the abnormal refraction error beyond the physiological range.
METHODS: ln this cross - sectional study, we investigated preschool children in kindergartens and the scattered ones were 12 716 ( 25 432 eyes ) ranging from 6mo ~ 6 years old. 1 581 children ( 3 162 eyes ) were diagnosed ametropia by Suresight refractive screening instrument, which were confirmed again after mydriasis optometry.
RESULTS: The incidence rate of ametropia in preschool children in Xiantao was 12. 4%, and statistics showed no significant difference between boys and girls (P>0. 05), but had differences of morbility rate among each age group (P<0. 05). With age increasing morbility rate of the refractive error decreased. The simple hyperopia and the compound hyperopia astigmatism were dominant in all refraction error. Professional ophthalmologists diagnosed amblyopia in 261 children (522 eyes), which was 16. 5%, among 1581 abnormal refractive children (3 162 eyes) screened out by Suresight refractive screening instrument.
CONCLUSlON: The incidence rate of ametropia decreases with age increasing in the preschool children from 6mo~6 years old, which imply preschool children should have mydriasis optometry in order to find out amblyopia and other congenital eye disease.

Objective To determine the prevalence and characteristics of the del(GJB6-D13S1830) in Connexin30(Cx30) gene in children with prelingual deafness.Methods Forty-six prelingual deaf children and 30 children with normal comprehension were obtained,and the del(GJB6-D13S1830)in the Cx30 gene were screened by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in 2 groups.Results Three cases of 46 deaf children were found to have heterozygous del(GJB6-D13S1830) in Cx30 gene.The rest deaf children and the normal controls did not harbor this deletion.Conclusion The heterozygous del(GJB6-D13S1830) in Cx30 gene is one of causes of prelingual deafness.

Objective To understand the mechanism of cerebral energy failure after hypoxia ischemia at the molecular level and to establish the protocol for the safe and effective treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods One hundred neonatal rats were divided into normal control group and hypoxic-ischemic(HI) group. SD rats of both groups were decapitated at the time of 2 h,24 h,48 h,72 h and 7 d after HI.These tissues of cerebrum,cortex and hippocampus were taken out to explore the influence of HI on the expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 genes with the method of RT-PCR.Results There was an enhancement in the expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 genes with the increasing of day age. The expression was more intense in hippocampus than that in cortex. However, HI could significantly enhance the expression of GLUT genes. The expression was higher in cortex than that in hippocampus. The expression of two genes reached the peak at 24 h after HI, but was significantly lower than that in control group at 7 d after HI.Conclusion The increased expression of GLUT genes can maintain the energy supplement for the brain and delay a cascade reaction of cerebral energy failure.