Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of aminoguanidine(AG) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion damage in rats. Methods The intravascular thread models with 2 h of occlusion and 22 h of reperfusion were made in the rats.The brain infarction size and the degree of blood brain barrier(BBB) disruption in the ischemic regions were evaluated by staining with 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and observing with Evans blue fluorescence microscope.HE staining was utilized for observing neutrophil infiltration. Results The brain infarction(volume,) the area of BBB disruption and the degree of neutrophil infiltration were dramatically decreased in the treatment group as compared to the control group(P

Objective: :To establish a quality standard for glycyrrhizic acid in compound loquat and pentoryverine granule.Methods: TLC was applied in the qualitative detection of glycyrrhizic acid.An HPLC method was used for the quantitative determination of glycyrrhizic acid.A C 18 (250 mm× 4.6 mm ,5 μm)column was used.The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol-0.2 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate-acetic acid(60∶39∶1).The flow rate was at 1.0 ml·min-1 , and the detection wavelength was at 250 nm.Results: The TLC spots were clear and well separated without interference from the negative sample.The calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.01-1.01 g·L-1 (r=1.000 0).The average recovery was 103.2% (RSD %=1.8% , n =9).Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate, which can be used for the quality control of compound loquat and pentoryverine granule.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method of microbial limit test for liquid preparation of Iron sucrose injection before filtration and sterilization.METHODS:According to the microbial limit test in the 1005 and general rules 1006 of 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (vol.Ⅴ),plate method and membrane filtration method were used to measure total number of aerobic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Bacillus subtilis,Candida albicans,Aspergillus niger) and total number of molds and yeasts (C.albicans,A.niger).The optimal test method was obtained by comparing the bacterial recoveries.RESULTS:By plate method,the recoveries of P aeruginosa and B.subtilis were 2％ and 5％.The test sample was diluted 10 times with pH 7.0 sodium chloride-peptone buffer solution,and the bacterial recoveries were in the range of 88％ to 96％;but he medium was dark in color.By membrane filtration method,without rinse solution,the bacterial recoveries in the range of 88％ to 95％.Add rinse solution,the bacterial recoveries were in the range of 91％ to 103％.After validated,the recoveries of menbrane filtration method with tlushing fluid ranged 50％-200 ％,which was in line with the requnements.CONCLUSIONS:The membrane filtration method established in this experiment has higher bacterial recovery rate than the plate method.The bacterial recoveries rate were higher after adding rinse solution,and no dark substance in the surface of filter membrane affect the accotmt.It can be used as the microbial limit test method for preparation liquid of Iron sucrose injection before filtration and sterilization.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of double source multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in visualization of cardiac veins in patients with chronic heart failure.

METHODSThirty-five patients with chronic heart failure (aged 65.4 ± 8.8, 21 males and 14 females) were enrolled in the study. In Group A, MDCT and retrograde coronary venography (RCV) were performed consecutively; in Group B anterograde visualization of the coronary venous and RCV were performed.

RESULTSCoronary sinus, GCV and MCV of all individuals were identified in MDCT. LVPV was observed in 65% patients of Group A, and 66.7% patients of Group B. The correlation coefficient between MDCT and RCV was 0.944, and that between CVG and RCV was 0.42.

CONCLUSIONNon-invasive evaluation of cardiac veins with double source CT is feasible and may be used in cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phlebography ; methods ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the use of Delorme procedure for full-thickness rectal prolapse.

METHODSA series of 25 patients with full-thickness rectal prolapse were treated by Delorme procedure in four institutions between March 2005 and June 2010. The clinicopathological data were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThere were 9 males and 16 females. The mean age was 52(46-72) years old. All the procedures were successfully performed. There were no perioperative deaths. The mean operative time was 65(45-150) min. The intraoperative bleeding was 58(20-200) ml. The mean length of hospital stay was 8.5(5-14) days. Anastomosis dehiscence occurred in 1 patient at post-operative day 7 who was managed under anesthesia. Minor complications occurred in 8(32%) patients, including urinary retention(n=3), intractable pain(n=1), and bowel obstruction(n=4). The follow up time ranged from 2 to 6 years with a median of 3.5 years. Prolapse recurrence was observed in 1(4%) patient during the follow up. The remission rates of fecal incontinence, constipation, bleeding were 37.5%(6/16), 45.5%(5/11), and 15.4%(2/11), respectively. The Wexner incontinence score significantly decreased (median, 5.0 vs. 9.0, P<0.01). The resting pressure and maximum squeeze pressure increased significantly after surgery, while the initial volume and maximal tolerance volume decreased significantly(All P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSDelorme procedure is safe and easy to perform. The anorectal function is improved after surgery. Therefore it should be considered the procedure of choice for rectal prolapsed.

Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Prolapse ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDAnisodamine is widely used in therapy for treating acute glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy because it can improve renal microcirculation. We performed a study to evaluate the preventive effects of anisodamine against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in type 2 diabetics with renal insufficiency undergoing coronary angiography or angioplasty.

METHODSA total of 260 patients with type 2 diabetes and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 60 ml(-1)×min(-1)×1.73 m(-2) or less, who were undergoing coronary angiography or angioplasty, were randomly assigned to receive an infusion of either sodium chloride (control group, n = 128) or anisodamine (treatment group, n = 132). Patients in the treatment group received an infusion of anisodamine at a rate of 0.2 µg×kg(-1)×min(-1) from 12 hours before to 12 hours after coronary angiography or angioplasty, while patients in the control group received an infusion of sodium chloride with the same volume as the treatment group. All patients received intravenous sodium chloride hydration. CIN was defined as a 25% increase in serum creatinine from baseline or an absolute increase of > 0.5 mg/dl within three days after contrast exposure. The primary end point was the incidence of CIN. The secondary end point was a 25% or greater reduction in eGFR.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to age, gender, risk factors, laboratory results, medications and interventions. The incidence of CIN was 9.8% (13/132) in the treatment group and 20.3% (26/128) in the control group (P < 0.05). The secondary end point was 6.0% (8/132) in the treatment group and 16.4% (21/128) in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThese results indicate the preventive effects of anisodamine against CIN in type 2 diabetics with renal insufficiency who are undergoing coronary angiography or angioplasty.

Acute Kidney Injury ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; Contrast Media ; adverse effects ; Coronary Angiography ; adverse effects ; Creatinine ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; drug therapy ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Insufficiency ; blood ; drug therapy ; Sodium Chloride ; administration & dosage ; Solanaceous Alkaloids ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVEAsthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are representative chronic inflammatory airway diseases responsible for a considerable burden of disease. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and chronic inflammatory airway diseases.

DATA SOURCESArticles published up to January 1, 2017, were selected from the PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase databases, with the keywords of "asthma" or "pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive", "neutrophils" and "extracellular traps."

STUDY SELECTIONArticles were obtained and reviewed to analyze the role of NETs in asthma and COPD.

RESULTSNETs are composed of extracellular DNA, histones, and granular proteins, which are released from activated neutrophils. Multiple studies have indicated that there are a large amount of NETs in the airways of asthmatics and COPD patients. NETs can engulf and kill invading pathogens in the host. However, disordered regulation of NET formation has shown to be involved in the development of asthma and COPD. An overabundance of NETs in the airways or lung tissue could cause varying degrees of damage to lung tissues by inducing the death of human epithelial and endothelial cells, and thus resulting in impairing pulmonary function and accelerating the progress of the disease.

CONCLUSIONSExcessive NETs accumulate in the airways of asthmatics and COPD patients. Although NETs play an essential role in the innate immune system against infection, excessive components of NETs can cause lung tissue damage and accelerate disease progression in asthmatics and COPD patients. These findings suggest that administration of NETs could be a novel approach to treat asthma and COPD. Mechanism studies, clinical practice, and strategies to regulate neutrophil activation or directly interrupt NET function in asthmatics and COPD patients are desperately needed.

Animals ; Asthma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Extracellular Traps ; metabolism ; physiology ; Humans ; Neutrophils ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; metabolism ; pathology

BACKGROUNDCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with biventricular pacing improves cardiac function, functional capacity and quality of life in selected patients with heart failure. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the intracardiac electrogram (IEGM)-based optimization method, QuickOpt(TM), in Chinese patients treated with CRT.

METHODSAortic time velocity integrals (AVTI) achieved at the sensed atrioventricular (AV), paced AV and interventricular (VV) interval settings recommended by both QuickOpt(TM) and standard echocardiographic optimization were measured in 101 patients. Consistency and the strength of the relationship between the two timing cycle optimization methods were assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).

RESULTSThe ICC showed good agreement and correlation with what the AVTI achieved at the optimal sensed AV (ICC = 0.9683 (0.9535 - 0.9785)), paced AV (ICC = 0.9642 (0.9475 - 0.9757)) and VV (ICC = 0.9730 (0.9602 - 0.9817)) interval settings determined by the two optimization methods. The average time required by echocardiographic optimization and by QuickOpt(TM) were (78.32 ± 32.40) minutes and (1.98 ± 1.64) minutes respectively (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONThe QuickOpt(TM) algorithm provides a quicker, simpler and reliable alternative to the standard method for timing cycle optimization.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy ; methods ; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac ; methods ; Female ; Heart Failure ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cyclonic Storms ; Dysentery ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVEThis study examined vegetable and fruit (VF) consumption rate and its associated factors among Chinese adults.

METHODSNationally representative data from the 2013 China Chronic Disease Surveillance survey were used. Dietary intake data, including VF consumption during the last 12 months, were collected. All analyses were weighted to obtain nationally representative estimates. Associations between VF consumption and other factors (e.g., meal frequency and physical activity) were examined through logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe average fruit consumption was 102.3 g/day (95% CI: 97.0-107.6) and the average vegetable consumption was 350.6 g/day (95% CI: 339.3-361.8). Over half (53.2%, 95% CI: 50.9-55.4) of Chinese adults met the VF consumption of 400 g/day recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Rural residents had a higher prevalence of low VF consumption rate than urban residents [49.20% (95% CI: 46.2%-52.2%) vs. 44.0% (95% CI: 41.7%-46.3%) P < 0.01]. Old age (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01), low educational level, low income, minority ethnicity (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.15-1.74), underweight (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03-1.33), single marital status (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.33), low health literacy, irregular breakfast (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04-1.38) or lunch (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.26-1.99) habits, and no leisure-time physical activity were associated with low VF consumption.

CONCLUSIONOnly half of Chinese adults met the VF consumption recommended by the WHO. Low socio-economic status, irregular diet, and poor health literacy were likely associated with low VF consumption. National efforts and programs are needed to promote VF consumption.