Objective To map out the binding site of P195,which is the major protein on the surface of P.falciparum merozoites,to human erythrocytes,and offer a basis for designing malaria vaccine to blockade invasion of merozoites into human erythrocytes.Methods Eight proteins derived from P195 were expressed in E.coli,and purified by Ni-chelare affinity chromatography.There after,the eight fragments and rabbit serums immunized by which were added into culture medium of P.fatciparum in vitro respectively.Twenty-four hours later,the invasion of merozoite to erythrocyte was observed.Results The antibodies which were induced by three fragments of P195,M6(Amino Acid,AA384～595),M7(AA 595～897)and M11(AA 1397～1563)could inhibit the invasion of P.falciparum merozoite into human erythrocytes.Especially,one fragment of P195,M6,had the ability to inhibit the invasion of P.falciparum merozoite into human erythrocytes.Conclusion M6,a fragment of P195 on the merozoite of P.falciparum may contain a domain thought to be involved in the recognition of human erythrocyte.The domain can be used as a candidate antigen for a malaria vaccine.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy,operative essentials and indications of hybrid spinal fusion surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.Methods From August 2008 to December 2011,thirty-eight patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy underwent hybrid spinal fusion surgery in our hospital.There were 27 males and 11 females,aged from 33 to 70 years (average,51 years).A total of 86 segments were treated (fusion 48 vs.non-fusion 38).Twenty-eight patients underwent a two-level surgery,and ten patients received a three-level surgery.The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and Visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to evaluate pre-and post-operative neurological function and pain,respectively.The pre-and post-operative range of motion of the cervical spine was measured according to Xrays.Moreover,the surgical complications were recorded and analyzed.Results Thirty-seven patients were followed up for 15 to 55 months (average,29.1 months).The improvement of neurological function was obtained in 36 patients.The JOA score was improved from preoperative 10.5±1.57 to 14.3±1.97 at final follow-up,with an improvement rate of 58.46％,and the results were excellent in 16 cases,fair in 20 cases and poor in 1 case.The VAS was improved from preoperative 7.3±1.04 to 3.2±1.41 at final follow-up.The Cobb angle changed from preoperative 25°±3.21°to 20°±2.56°at final follow-up.After operation,the neurological function was not restored in 1 case; hoarseness and bucking occurred in 2 cases; sore throat occurred in 22 cases; anterior displacement of prosthesis (PCM) occurred in 3 cases.Other patients had no complications,such as displacement,loosening and heterotopic ossification.Conclusion In hybrid spinal fusion surgery,the lesions segments are decompressed fully,the severely degenerative segments are fused,and the motion of the non-fusion segments is reserved.As a result,not only the stability of the cervical spine is achieved,but also an obvious improvement of symptoms and a satisfactory short-term efficacy can be obtained.Therefore,this method is an alternative procedure for cervical spondylosis myelopathy.

Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) is one of the most effective compounds isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Up to now, several studies regarding the pharmacokinetic profiles of Sal A have been reported, however there is no such study reported in monkeys, the species which is more similar to human. The aim of this study is to develop a LC-MS method for the determination of Sal A in monkey plasma and apply it to the pharmacokinetic studies of monkeys. After single intravenous administration of Sal A, the plasma concentration-time curves were observed and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The plasma concentration at 2 min (C2 (min)) values were (28.343 ± 6.426), (45.679 ± 12.301) and (113.293 ± 24.360) mg x L(-1) for Rhesus monkeys treated with Sal A at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg x kg(-1). The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-∞)) values were (3.316 ± 0.871), (5.754 ± 2.150) and (13.761 ± 2.825) μg x L(-1) x h, respectively. Furthermore, this method was improved and applied to the simultaneous determination of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C, which provided useful information for preclinical studies and clinical trials of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C.
Administration, Intravenous ; Animals ; Caffeic Acids ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Lactates ; pharmacokinetics ; Macaca mulatta ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

A new flavonoid glycoside, (-)-2S-8-methyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), along with five known ones, quercetin-3-O-(2"-galloyl)-α-L-arabinoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinoside (3), guaijaverin (4), trifolin (5) and hyperin (6), was isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus robusta. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, CD spectra data and physicochemical methods. In addition, 2-6 were isolated from E. robusta for the first time.
Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

BACKGROUND:The most effective method for the treatment of acetabular fracture is open reduction and internal fixation, however, this treatment for some special types of acetabular fracture cannot get satisfactory prognosis, and is prone to complications, such as traumatic coxarthrosis and avascular necrosis of femoral head. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the curative effect of open reduction and internal fixation and total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of special acetabular fracture. METHODS:Twelve cases of acetabular fracture were included, including seven cases of traffic accident wound, three cases of crush injury, and two cases of fal ing injury. The type of bone fracture:two cases of posterior wal fracture, two cases of posterior column and posterior wal fracture, one case of T shaped fracture, five cases of transverse and posterior wal fracture, and two cases of acetabular roof sexual fracture. Complications:one case was femoral head centric dislocation, five cases were latter dislocation, and three cases were caput femoris fractures. Before injury, three cases had coxarthrosis, and two cases were avascular necrosis of femoral head. Al the cases were treated with open reduction internal fixation and total hip arthroplasty, of which nine cases were treated with biological prosthesis, and three cases were treated with bone cement prosthesis. The time from hospitalization to surgery was 3-15 days, and average was 6 days. The patients were fol owed-up once every 2 months in 1 year after replacement, and the Harris score was used to evaluate the hip function recovery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No surgical site and deep wound infection, joint dislocation, lower limb deep vein thrombosis, and death were found in these 12 cases. Among them, 11 cases were fol owed-up for a longtime;the fol ow-up was lasted for 6-82 months. The acetabular fracture was healed at 6-16 months after reduction without prosthesis loosening and sinking. The hip function was evaluated during final fol ow-up according to the Harris score:excellent in eight cases, good in two cases, poor in one case, and the excellent and good rate was 91%. Open reduction internal fixation and one-stage total hip arthroplasty can avoid long-term bed, get out of bed as soon as possible, and reduce complications, thus reconstruct the hip joint painlessly and good functional y.

Objective To explore the activation and apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs) in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) and the effects of triptoIide(TP) on them. Methods The changes of activation and apoptosis were observed on cultured PBLs in children with HSP and healthy controls ,and the effects of TP were compared respectively. Expression of CD3, CD25 and apoptosis rate of PBLs were assayed with flow cytometry. Results The percentage of CD3+ CD25+ cell was significantly higher (P

[Objective] To investigate combined application of multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(mRT-PCR)and karyotype analysis detect of clonal chromosomal aberrations in acute lymphoblasfic leukemia (ALL),and explore the expression of common fusion genes.Methods 189 ALL patients were examined by multiplex RT-PCR and R or G banding techniques.[Results]10 fusion genes were detected in 69 out of 189 ALL patients(36.5％),including E2A/PBX1,TEL/AML1,BCR/ABL,MLL/AF4,MLL/AF6、MLL/AF9,MLL/AF10,MLL/ELL,SIL/TAL1,TLS/ERG.R or G banding techniques could find chromosome structural and numeracy abnormalities in 86 out of 152 patients (56.6％) available for analysis.Combination of mRT-PCR and R or G banding could raise the rate of detecting clonal chromosomal abnormalities to 69.3％.Fusion genes were detected in 33 out of 90 (36.7％) patients with adult ALL and 36out of 99 (36.4 ％) patients with children ALL,there were 22 patients with positive BCR/ABL but no TEL/AML1 in adult ALL group,while there were 24 patients with positive TEL/AML.1 and 2 with positive BCR/ABL in children ALL group.There was significant statistical difference for the expression of RCR/ABL and TEL/AML1 between adult ALL and children ALL (P＜0.01),but no difference for MLL related fusion gene,E2A/PBX1,SIL/TAL1 and TLS/ERG(P＞0.05).BCR/ABL and TEL/AML1 fusion gene could be detected in 66 ALL patients with normal karyotype (36.3％).[Conclusion]There were different biological characteristics between adults and children with ALL.mRT-PCR technique can quickly screen chromosome structural aberrations in patients with newly diagnosed leukemia.It is useful in detection of fusion genes in ALL with normal karyotypes and it would refine the karyotype analysis and provide imrootramt prognosis-relevant information.

Objective To explore the value of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and multiplex RT-PCR in the detection of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangement in acute leukemia (AL) patients. Methods Dual-color MLL probe, multiplex RT-PCR and R or G banding techniques were used to detect the MLL gene rearrangement in 189 cases of AL.Results MLL gene rearrangements were detected in 9 cases (5.03 ％) by FISH,and 16 cases (8.47 ％) by multiplex RT-PCR,including MLL/AF9,MLL/AF10,MLL/AF6, MLL/AF7, MLL/ELL, MLL/PTD. R or G banding techniques could find 11q23 in 5 out of 189 patients (2.65 ％). There was no statistic difference in the incidence of 6 common MLL gene rearrangements between ALL (73 cases) and AML patients (116 cases) (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Multiplex RT-PCR is a powerful technique in the detection of MLL gene rearrangement for tentatively diagnosed AL.It could not only confirm translocation detected by conventional cytogenetic method, but also detect MLL partial tandem duplication which could not been detected by cytogenetic examination or FISH. It plays an important role in guiding therapy and predicting prognosis for AL.

Parkinson's disease(PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder and ?-synuclein plays an important role in its development.Using the genetically tractable Saccharomyces cere-visiae as a model system,the phenotypic repercussions and potential mechanisms of ?-synuclein-induced cytotoxicity are characterized through modulating its expression level and other cellular factors.Aggrega-tion-induced toxicity is more dramatic upon elevated expression of ?-synuclein than that induced at moder-ate levels of expression.The induced toxicity is also enhanced by reagents such as dimethyl sulfoxide,which increase intracellular levels of phospholipid and membrane,as well as ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide,both of which cause oxidative stresses in yeast cells.In contrast,over-expression of yeast homologue of hu-man chaperone DJ-1,YDR533C,markedly alleviate the inhibition of growth afflicted by exogenous expres-sion of ?-synuclein.Taken together,the data presented suggest a role for protein folding machinery together with quality control system in dealing with the aggregation of ?-synuclein.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of myasthenia gravis (MG) associated autoantibodies.Methods Titin,ryanodine receptor (RyR)and acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies were examined in the sera of 74 myasthenia gravies patients by ELISA.Results AChR,Titin, RyR antibodies were detected in 77.0% (57/74),39.2% (29/74) and 32.4% (24/74) of the MG patients,respectively.For thymoma MG,AChR,Titin and RyR antibodies were detected in 76.2% (16/21),71.4% (15/21) and 52.4% (11/21) respectively.For late onset MG,Titin and RyR antibodies were detected in 77.3% (17/22) and 50.0% (11/22) respectively.With respect to the modified Osserman classification,the positve rate for Titin and RyR antibodies is much higher in more severe patients (X~2= 16.094,P=0.001;X~2=11.226,P=0.011).Titin antibodies was significantly related with RyR antibodies (r=0.380,P=0.001).Conclusions Titin and RyR antibodies show high sensitivity for thymoma MG,and the combination of serological and radiological testing can increase both sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of thymoma MG.The levels of the two antibodies may serve as important prognosis markers in MG.The induction of the immune response against Titin and RyR and the possible pathogenic effects of the two antibodies will be further studied.