Background: Increased falls rate in older adults may be due to a declining level of physical activity. However, there is currently no local assessment tool to assess the physical activity of older adults in the Philippines. Purpose: The objectives of the study were to: (1) translate the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) in Filipino (PASE-F); (2) establish the validity and equivalency of PASE-F version; and (3) determine the association between physical activity level and fall history in older adults living in the community. Methods: Standard translation procedure was followed. Qualitative analysis and appropriate revisions were done based on the comments of three health professionals in geriatric care. Equivalency was analyzed using two-sample t-test with equal variances, and Spearman Rho. The association of physical activity with fall history was established using simple logistic regression. Results: 310 (62.3% females) community-dwelling older adults, with mean age 68 ±6.5, from Manila, Philippines participated. The validated PASE-F and the original PASE were equivalent with a p-value of 0.84, and Spearman’s Rho of >0.05. No significant association was found between PASE-F scores and fall history, p-value = 0.16, 95% CI [1, 1.004]. Fallers show non-significantly higher PASE-F scores compared to non-fallers. Conclusion PASE-F is a valid and equivalent translation of the original PASE. However, obtained PASE-F scores did not show association with a history of falls. Prospective studies may be done to determine the predictive value of PASE-F scores in the incidence of falls.
Exercise

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-related low back pain is a common complaint with numerous adverse consequences. Unfortunately, the effect of healthrelated quality of life and physical activity status on pregnancy-related low back pain remains understudied. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the influence of physical activity and health-related quality of life on pregnancy-related low back pain among pregnant women. METHODS: A survey of 398 pregnant women was conducted using the Modified Pregnancy Low Back Pain, Medical Outcome Survey Short Form (MOS-SF), and Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) to assess pregnancy-related low back pain, quality of life, and physical activity status among the participants. RESULTS: About fifty-four percent (54%) of the pregnant women reported experiencing low back pain during pregnancy. There were no significant differences between most physical activity intensities and domains for pregnant women with and without pregnancy-related low back pain, with the exception of women identified as sedentary (12.9±14.8 versus 17.4±16.2) or inactive (18.7±20.0 versus 23.6±19.8). Furthermore, waist circumference (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.99) and Physical component scores (PCS) (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93 to 0.98) were associated with pregnancy-related low back pain. An interaction of height and occupation also showed an association with pregnancy related low back pain (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.08). CONCLUSION Sedentary and inactivity are the only physical activity intensity and domain associated with pregnancy-related low back pain, which affect the physical well-being of the expecting mothers.
Exercise

BACKGROUND: Arnis is the national martial art of the Philippines. Similar to Tai Chi, a martial art with established therapeutic effects, it can improve the balance control of older adults. However, no study has been conducted to prove this. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to design and evaluate an Arnisbased exercise program to improve the static and dynamic balance control of community-dwelling Filipino older adults METHODOLOGY: : A qualitative exploratory study will be conducted. An Arnis-based exercise program for older adults will be age-appropriately designed and video-recorded by the researchers. A heterogeneous group of resource persons composed of a Physical Therapist, Geriatrician, Sports Scientist, Arnis Expert, and Senior Citizen will be invited to watch the videos and evaluate the exercise program. Using the Delphi method and semi-structured interviews via the different online meeting platforms, they will provide feedback and comments about the exercise program based on their unique professional background, experience, and perspective. Thematic analysis will be employed in examining the gathered information. The modification of the exercise program and additional rounds of validation and feedback from the resource persons will be conducted as necessary until consensus is achieved EXPECTED RESULTS This will produce an alternative and culturally relevant exercise program that can be implemented by physical therapists and other health professionals caring for older adults in improving their balance control to reduce their risk of falling.
Exercise

BACKGROUND: Older adults have varying outcome expectations on why they exercise. The Multidimensional Outcomes Expectation for Exercise Scale (MOEES) is a tool used to measure this; however, it has not been cross-culturally adapted yet in the Filipino setting. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to translate and cross-culturally adapt the MOEES into Filipino and establish its preliminary psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency and test-retest reliability in community-dwelling Filipino older adults. METHODS: This psychometric study is divided into two phases. Phase 1 will be on the MOEES translation and cross-cultural adaptation in accordance with the guidelines set by the Beaton Protocol. Phase 2 will be on the establishment of preliminary psychometric properties based on the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the adapted MOEES from at least 30 conveniently sampled community-dwelling Filipino older adults, aged 60 years old or above, with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of at least 24 and classified as active based on the Telephone Assessment of Physical Activity. Internal consistency will be assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and item-total correlations. Intraclass correlation/ ICC (3, K) will be utilized to establish the tool’s test-retest reliability. RESULTS This will develop a translated and cross-culturally adapted MOEES in Filipino with good internal consistency, item-total correlation, and test-retest reliability that can be used by health professionals as a guide in designing, implementing, and assessing exercise programs for older persons to ensure achievement of their treatment outcome expectations.
Exercise

No abstract available.
Exercise* ; Humans

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Exercise* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Exercise Test*

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Exercise Test*

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Exercise Test*

Introduction: Performance on cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is influenced by genetic, racial and environmental factors. It is important to establish a set of reference values for the Filipino population. This study aimed to establish the maximum working capacity, peak oxygen uptake (VO2), peak carbon dioxide output (VCO2), tidal volume (TV) for normal Filipinos during exercise; determine the median perceived rate of exertion using the Borg Scale; and derive prediction equation models for maximum working capacity, peak VO2, peak VCO2 and maximum attained TV. Methods: The maximal cardiopulmonary responses were analyzed for 118 healthy sedentary adult Filipino subjects who underwent CPET using a symptom limited incremental progressive cycle ergometer driven protocol. A Vista MiniCPX Model 17670 was used. Models for predicting VO2 max, VCO2 peak, TV peak, and work max were derived with height, weight, age and sex being screened for significance as predictors. Linear and non-linear regression analyses were done. Results: The maximum working capacity for males was 154.21+26.6 watts and 93.02+15.57 watts for females while the peak VO2 for males was 4.90+3.11 and 4.56 2.41 liters/ minute for females. The predictive formulae derived from this study for maximum work capacity, peak VO2, VCO2 and tidal volume had acceptable correlation coefficients and performed as well as other published predictive equations based on Caucasian and Asian populations. Discussion: Differences between races as to performance in exercise testing was confirmed in this study so that it is worthwhile to utilize predictive equations specific for a certain racial population in the accurate interpretation of results. Performance in an exercise test also depends on the exercise protocol used so that the predictive equations in this study can be used only for exercise tests using a similar protocol. Conclusion Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on a community based, healthy, sedentary Filipino population using a standard maximal incremental cycle ergometry protocol. Predictive equation models were derived for Maximum Working Capacity (r2=0.728), peak VO2 (r2= 0.123), peak VCO2 (r2=0.648), and TV (r2=0.579). The derived predictive formulae performed as well as other published predictive equations.
Exercise Test