The authors studied randomly on 30 groups of children from 12 - 23 months old, and women having children from 0-11 months old. The results showed that the rate of subjects who were managed in immunization book were very low. The full immunization rate with 6 types of vaccine before the children getting to 12 months was 73.5% and the rate of children who had been protected from tetanus was 71.1%. The causes that people hadn't vaccineated or inadequately vaccineated was due to the lack of information.
epidermiology ; Immunization ; vaccines

Vasectomy has been a popular means of male contraception because the operation is simple, inexpensive, and effective. Although vasectomy is often regarded as permanent but for a variety of reasons (Children's or wife's death, divorce, remarriage...) some men latter wish to regain fertility. This report was done in three stages (epidemiology, experiment and clinic) and results: Vasectomy reversal rate is about 1.13% (in the world 2-6.5%). Results: successful vasovasostomy in 20 rabbits were 76.47%. Antisperm antibodies is reduced after vasovasostomy from 54.20% to 28.58% (p<0.05). Patency rat following vasovasostomy is 75% (motile sperm present in the ejaculate). Pregnancy rate is 41.6% (They have children and contribute to pregnancies with their wives
Vasovasostomy ; epidermiology ; male

Authors carried out a prospective study during a six months period. Thirty-one NUTIs were recorded in 487 patients, with the incidence of 6.4%. Urinary catheters were the most important risk factors with a relative risk (RR=12.2) (p<0.01). Diabetes, female sex, cerebral vascular accident, advanced age were the major risk factors (RR=5.0; 2.18; 2.0; respectively) (p<0.05). On the other hand, the mean duration (> 7 days) and the frequency of catheterization (>=2) could rise significantly the rate of NUTIs (p<0.01). For infected patients, the mean hospital stay was twice as long (20.7+/-5.2 days versus 10.1+/-0.5 days, p<0.05). In eight patients, 2 causative agents were isolated (25.8%) and Gram-negative bacilli existed in 95% of cases. The results also showed that isolates were resistance to usual antibiotics, especially we have determined, by disc diffusion method, 8/37 spectrum Beta-lactamases producing enterobacters. These results confirm the importance of NUTIs and the priority for prevention of all nosocomial urinary tract infections
Urinary Tract Infections ; epidermiology