127 cirrhotic patients in Hospital No 198 from 1996 to 2002 were enrolled in this study. Analysing the rate and degree of gastrointestinal bleeding in accordance with risk factors, the results showed that 28% of cirrhotic patients had experienced gastrointestinal bleeding. The more severe cirrhosis was, the higher rate of gastrointestinal bleeding. Alcohol addiction increased the rate of gastrointestinal bleeding rather than hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. When combined 2 factors, the rate of gastrointestinal bleeding increased 1.5 times. The rate of gastrointestinal bleeding increased according to degree of esophageal varices
Fibrosis ; Esophageal Diseases ; Diseases

In Janruary – November 2001 period, at Thanh Nhan Hospital (Hanoi), 50 patients with pneumoconiosis were studied. Pneumoconiosis is common and accounts for 7.47% of all occupational diseases. The most common ones are acquired by silice, cotton dust and feather dust. The severity is related mainly with the exposure duration, the history of frequently acquired respiratory diseases. Common symptoms are dypnoea 70%, cough 62%, sputum 40%, diverse rale of lung 52%, changes of lung X-ray image, electrocardiogramme and especially impairing lung function. The common conditions and complications are pneumonia, heart failure, chronique heart – lung syndrome, heart dysrhytmia, hemophtisia and pulmonary infarction
Pneumoconiosis ; Occupational Diseases ; Diseases

A 51-year-old hypertensive and diabetic male patient, admitted due to acute kidney injury on top of chronic kidney disease, was referred to the dermatology service. He presented with a 3-month history of multiple discrete pruritic papules with keratotic plugs over the extensor aspects of the bilateral upper and lower extremities, initially managed as a case of scabies infestation but medications given provided no relief. Histopathologic analysis of a skin biopsy revealed findings of acquired perforating collagenosis. Resolution of lesions and pruritus were noted after starting on a topical corticosteroid ointment on the lesions, as well as hemodialysis to address the renal failure. Subsequent consults showed no recurrences and only a minor sequela of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Collagen Diseases ; Skin Diseases

The purpose of this study was to examine the donators' characteristics and donative foods of both government-dominant and non-governmental food bank program, to understand the problems and benefits of food bank program, and to find the solutions to activate food bank program. The questionnaires were distributed to 120 food bank operators and 3 donators were selected from each food bank for the survey from April 2002 to May 2002. 118 sheets (32.8%) from government-dominant food bank and 53 sheets (20.1%) from non-governmental food bank were collected. The main results of this study were as follows: The largest donators to either government-dominant or non-governmental food bank programs were bakery and confectionery companies 31.4% and 45.3% respectively. The majority of donated foods were "goods in stock" (55.6%) and frequency of donation were largely on a daily basis (27.1% for government-dominant and 22.6% for non-governmental). Some of the donators who had more donative food did not donate, and the reasons were closeness to expiration date of food (67.3%), lack of legal protection in the event of food poisoning (54.5%), and poor public image of food related accidents (52.3%).
Foodborne Diseases

No abstract available.
Gastrointestinal Diseases*

No abstract available.
Prion Diseases*

No abstract available.
Occupational Diseases*

No abstract available.
Occupational Diseases*

No abstract available.
Lung Diseases*

OBJECTIVE: Quantitative experiment and analysis of the result with statistical techniques are an essential part of the medical article for acquiring objective confidence. But errors on application, calculation, and interpretation of statistics and insufficient explanation of the used statistical technique deprive the reader of reliance on the article. We identified the statistical techniques and errors that were commonly encountered, and both of researchers and readers should recognize, in the Journal of the Korean Rheumatism Association (JKRA). We identified the frequency of the statistical techniques and errors from the 136 articles in the 1994~1998 editions of the JKRA. Each different kind of statistical techniques and errors in the same article were counted separately, but two or more of the same kind of statistical techniques and errors in an article were counted as one. One hundred and seventy-seven statistical techniques were encountered and 75 statistical errors were identified. The most frequently used techniques were descriptive statistics, and common errors and the observed numbers of the errors were as follow : 1. performing statistical techniques for two groups on the comparison of three or more groups(14), 2. mentioning the statistical technique without using it(14), 3. using mean and standard deviation instead of median and range on the ordinal data(12), 4. using standard error instead of standard deviation for the description of data spread(11), 5. using p value without the statistical name(11). CONCLUSION: The most frequently encountered statistical technique and error are descriptive technique and performing statistical techniques for 2 groups on the comparison of 3 or more groups, respectively. The authors? careful application of the basic statistics would be the real solution to reduce the statistical errors.
Rheumatic Diseases*