Objective: We have studied the role of lymphoproliferative tumors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and the origin of the autoantibodies in paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) in recent years. A Castleman’s tumor from a patient was identified to produce autoantibody. To identify the relationship between the tumor and pathogenesis of the disease, we analyzed the rearrangement of immunoglobulin variable region gene and its hypermutation in B cells of Castleman’s tumor from a patient who was diagnosed of paraneoplastic pemphigus. Methods: The surface-markers of cultured tumor lymphocytes were assessed with immunochemistry staining. After total RNA of the tumor cells were isolated, the mRNA was reversely transcribed into cDNA. V H and V L genes were cloned and their sequences were analyzed. Results: Immunochemistry staining and flow cytometer analysis showed that the tumor cells were CD20, HLA-DR, smIgM, and smIgG positive. The cloned IgV H and IGHV3-9*01 germ-line gene are homologous and so are the Ig V L and the IGKV4-1*01 germ-line gene. More nucleotide changes in the V H or V L occurred in CDRs than those in FRs. Conclusion: In this reported case, a clone of specific B-lymphocyte in the Castleman’s tumor carrying functional rearranged immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes was found to have experienced switch recombination and was possible to produce IgG autoantibody.

Objective To detect the proteins structure encoded by COL4A4 gene with different missense mutations of thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN) and to analyze the effect of gene mutation on the secondary structure of α4 (Ⅳ) chain and its association with phenotype. Methods A COL4A4-linked TBMN patient with FSGS by a missense mutation (g. 1214G>A resulting in p. G405E) diagnosed by clinical manifestations, family history and renal biopsy examination, as well as two controls (one healthy, one pure TBMN carrying a g. 1550G>A mutation resulting in p. G448S) were enrolled in this study. The fragments of cDNA with the two mutations and that of corresponding cDNA from the healthy control were expressed in E. coll. The secondary structures of recombinant polypeptides were analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Results CD spectra of healthy control exhibited a negative peak near 208 nm whereas that of TBMN patient with FSGS exhibited a negative peak near 220 nm. Furthermore, the magnitude of the negative peak of this patient decreased as compared with that of healthy control. CD spectra of pure TBMN control was slightly changed with the negative peak remaining near 208 run and the magnitude slightly decreased as compared with that of healthy control. In addition, the secondary structure of pelypeptide from healthy control was composed of about 1/4 α-helix and 1/4 β-sheet, whereas that from the patient presented about 1/3 α-helix without any β-sheet. The secondary structure of polypeptide from pure TBMN control was almost the same as the healthy control, except a shght reduction of α-helix and a slight increase of β-sheet. Conclusions Although the glycine substitutions exists in the nearby domain of α4 (Ⅳ)chain, the TBMN patient complicating FSGS with severe phenotype and g. 1214G>A mutation and the pure TBMN control with the mild phenotype and g. 1550G>A mutation are revealed with different secondary structures of α4 (Ⅳ)chain. Moreover, the secondary structure change of α4 (Ⅳ) chain is consistent with their corresponding phenotype severity.

Objective To determine XPAC gene mutation in a Chinese pedigree with xeroderma pigmentosum group A.Methods All exons of XPAC gene were analyzed by PCR-DNA sequencing in the pedigree.The mutations were confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP).Results By PCR-DNA sequencing,a nonsense mutation of C631T was identified which caused R211X substitution in exon5of XPAC gene.The mutated gene encoded a defective XPA protein truncated by63amino acids in C-terminus.The parents were all heterozygotes.The results were confirmed by RFLP.Conclusions A nonsense mutation is found in XPAC gene of a pedigree of xeroderma pigmentosum group A.This mutation may impair XPA protein function of DNA repair,and as a consequence,cause skin aging and carcinogenesis.

Objective To identify features of antibodies in the supernatants of cultured Castleman's disease cells.Methods Lymphocytes of Castleman's disease were isolated and cultured.Immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays were performed with IgG extracted from culture supernatants.The immunoglobulin heavy chaingene of cultured tumor B cells was analyzed by RT-PCR,cloning and sequencing.ResultsIg Gextracted from culture supernatant scouldattachtotheepithelialcellsurfacesofmousebladdertissues.Theantibodycouldalsoidentifytwoantigencomponents,210000and190000,ofnormalhumanepidermaltis-sues.ThesequencesimilaritywasfoundinimmunoglobulinheavychaingeneofculturedtumorBcellscom-paredwiththatof6patientswithCastleman'sdiseasepreviouslyreported.Conclusions Castleman's tumor associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus can secret autoantibody with similar features to that found in patients'sera.

Objective To explore possible impact of endogenous hydrogen sulfide(H2S) on connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) expression in rat pulmonary artery with high pulmonary blood flow.Methods Thirty-two male SD rats,weighing 120～140 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups:shunt group,shunt+PPG group,sham group and sham+PPG group.After 4 weeks of experiment,Rat lung tissue H2S content was determined by a modified sulfide electrode method.Plasma ET-1 concentration was detected by radioimmunoactivity,and lung tissue ET-1 mRNA expression of rat was determined by quantitative competitive reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Pulmonary artery connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) protein expression of rats was investigated by immunohistochemistry.Results After 4 weeks of experiment,lung tissue H2S content plasma ET-1,lung tissue ET-1 mRNA and CTGF expression increased significantly in rats of shunt group as compared with that of sham group(P

Objective To establish a method of competitive polymerase chain reaction combined with restrictive endonucleases to measure the methylation quantitatively in MDR1 promoter region.Methods One sense primer and two anti-sense primers were designed to amplify a fragment of MDR1 gene promoter region, which was located between -102 and +186 bp containing a methylation site. The internal reference DNA fragment, witch was less 30bp than target fragment was made by three times of polymerase chain reaction(PCR)using different anti-sense primer and then subcloned into the Pbluescriptsk+ plasmid. The genomic DNA digested by Hpa, a methylation-sensitive restrictive endonuclease and competitive internal reference DNA were competitively amplified for MDR1 promoter in the same tube by PCR. The PCR products were electrophoresed on agarose gel, stained by ethidium bromide and subjected to image analysis scanner. The amount of target fragment was calculated as following, the optical density ratio of target fragment to competitive internal reference fragment multiplied the amount of competitive internal reference DNA. The ratio of PCR products amplified from HpaⅡ digested DNA and undigested DNA was named the methylation rate.Results The genomic DNA serially diluted with optimal amount of competitive internal reference DNA were co-amplified for MDR1 promoter. The significant positive correlation between the ratio of two products and the amount of genomic DNA was demonstrated. The correlation coefficient was 0.992, P

T mutation resulting in p.G1015V from an X linked Alport patient, and that of corresponding cDNA from a control were expressed in E.coli. The recombinant and mutant polypeptide was a fragment of COL4A5 , containing 158 amino acid residues with a glycine to valine substitution mutation in it. The secondary structure of the two recombinant proteins was analyzed using circular dichroism(CD) spectroscopy. Results: CD spectra of the control exhibited a negative peak near 200 nm whereas that of the patient exhibited a negative peak near 220 nm. The magnitude of the negative peak of the patient decreased as compared with that of the control. Furthermore, secondary structure of the control polypeptide was mainly composed of ? sheet and random coil without ? helix, whereas that of the patient presented 12.9% ? helix. Conclusion: Not only local structure of the substitution site but also folding kinetics of the entire ?5 chain may be changed due to Gly→Val substitution in Alport syndrome. We speculate that the abnormally folded polypeptide chain may not be assembled into the triple helix and the network of type Ⅳ collagen, or may be assembled into loosen triple helix then degraded easily, resulting in the pathognomonic ultrastructural changes of the glomerular basement membrane.

Objective:To investigate if the combined use of CDAⅡ and sodium butyrate can induce demethylation and re-expression of retinoic acid receptor?2(RAR?2)gene in cultured human breast cancer cells MCF7.To explore if the two drugs can inhibit cell growth and induce cell apoptosis synergetically.Methods:MCF7 cell line was treated with CDAⅡ,sodium butyrate,combination of the two drugs respectively.Methylation was assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction(MSP)for RAR?2 gene.Gene expression was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL)and Hoechst33342/propidiumiodide(PI)staining.Cell growth inhibition was measured by MTT assay.Results:Neither CDAⅡ nor sodium butyrate induced demethylation and re-expression of RAR?2 gene,Combination of the two drugs partially demethylated gene promoter accompanied by re-expression of RAR?2.The apoptotic cells in the double-drug group were obvious following Hoechst33342/PI staining.The percentage of apoptotic cells in the double-drug group was significantly higher than that of the two single-drug group(39.5% vs 5.2%,8.1%)(P

Objective To analyze the genetic variation of low density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR)gene in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia(FH).Methods Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to amplify the promoter region and the 18 exons of LDLR gene family with the patients' genomic DNA as templates.DNA sequencing of the PCR production was used to find mutations in patients with FH.Results A novel missense mutation(G→T)in exon 4 was identified by DNA sequencing in the proband and his mother,and the mutation was characterized at nucleotide site of 385 in exons of coding region,with tyrosine substitute for aspartate at amino acid site of 108.Conclusion Characterization of the novel mutation provides an example of the genetic basis of LDLR causing FH.

Objective:To explore the expression levels of MHCⅡ molecules and its regulator genes CⅡTA on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats,and to investigate the underlying immunologic mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis.Methods:The rats were treated with either a single intratracheal bleomycin injection(fibrosis group)or a normal saline injection(control group).The pathologic changes of lung tissues stained with HE and Masson were observed,and the contents of hydroxyproline were detected on the 7th and 28th day respectively after bleomycin administration.The expression of MHCⅡ molecules in the lung tissues was evaluated with immunohistochemistry techniques,and the percentage of MHCⅡ+ cells was measured.The amounts of total CⅡTA and typeⅠ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ CⅡTA mRNA of lung tissues were measured by real-time PCR using Taqman probe.Results:(1)The percentage of MHCⅡ+ cells in lung tissues increased significantly in fibrosis group compared with that of control group on the 7th day and the 28th day[(0.10?0.03)vs(0.06?0.02),P0.05];In fibrosis group,type Ⅳ CⅡTA mRNA was 667.3% [(2.98?0.92)vs(0.39?0.15),P