Humans ; Osteotomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Scoliosis ; surgery

Objective To investigate the chemopreventive potential of salvianolic acid B against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene(DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis with respect to angiogenesis. Methods(Sixty) male Syrian golden hamsters were randomly divided into 4 groups(group A and B,n=20;group C and D,(n=10).) DMBA solution(0.5% in acetone) was applied topically to the right cheek pouch of male Syrian golden hamsters in group A and B,while animals in group C were painted with acetone,3 times a week for 6 weeks.Animals in group D received neither DMBA nor acetone in the first 6 weeks.Two days after the last treatment of(DMBA,) animals in group B and D received salvianolic acid B daily(10 mg/kg) by gavage,while animals in group A and C received same volume of saline,for the next 12 weeks.At the end of the experiment,animals were sacrificed and tissue samples were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Results Salvianolic acid B significantly decreased the incidence of squamous carcinoma(P

Objective To determine whether the small intestinal submucosa(SIS)/nano meter crystal ?-tricalcium phosphate(nm ?-TCP) composite can enhance the regeneration of rabbit mandibular defects. Methods Twenty-six mandibular defects were made on thirteen New Zealand rabbits,and were ramdonly divided into four groups: groupⅠ,single SIS was applied to each defects;group Ⅱ,nm ?-TCP;groupⅢ,the composite scaffold materials of SIS and nm ?-TCP;groupⅣ,control.Twelve weeks after the operation,the samples were extracted for gross observation,histological analysis,X-ray examination,and relative bone density(RBD) recording.Results Twenty weeks after the operation,the newborn bone trabecula took up most of the area with defects.The restorative materials in the SIS group and composite scaffold materials group had almost degraded,and little remained in the ?-TCP group.The composite scaffold materials group was found more newborn bone trabecula with mature formation,and the average RBD was relatively higer,while less newborn bone trabecula with irregular formation and more collagen were observed in the control group. Conclusion The composite materials of SIS and nm ?-TCP,which enjoy favourable bone formation characteristics and histocompatibility, can enhance bone regeneration in rabbit mandibular defects.

OBJECTIVEGingival crevicular fluid (GCF) analysis of various inflammatory mediators has been investigated as a means of providing objective criteria of peri-implant tissue health. In this report, the crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), GCF volume and clinical parameters were studied.

METHODSGCF was sampled from 35 healthy and 35 inflamed sites of implantation patients. IL-8 levels were analysed using ABC-ELISA. Clinical parameters were measured, and data analysis was performed using the software package SPSS10.0.

RESULTSSignificant difference was observed between healthy implant sites and peri-implantitis sites. GCF volume was positively correlated with PD, PI, GI and MOB. The total amount of IL-8 was positively correlated with PD and GI.

CONCLUSIONThis investigation suggested that GCF volume and IL-8 cytokine may be of value as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for peri-implantitis.

Dental Implants ; Gingival Crevicular Fluid ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; Prostheses and Implants

OBJECTIVETo transfect pcDNA3.1/hTM plasmids containing human thrombomodulin (hTM) gene into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and investigate the expression of hTM and anticoagulating function of transfected HUVECs.

METHODSHUVECs were transfected with pcDNA3.1/hTM by lipofectin. Expression of hTM mRNA was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, hTM antigen on HUVECs membrane by immunohistochemistry, and activated protein C (PC) in HUVECs by chronometry. By using a semiautomatic coagulator, the effect of the reacting liquid from transfected HUVECs mixed with PC from normal peripheral blood was assayed.

RESULTSAbout 10% HUVECs were transfected by pcDNA3.1/hTM with high-level hTM mRNA and protein expression. Activated PC produced by pcDNA3.1/hTM group, pcDNA3.1(+)/neo group and untransfected group was (2.80 +/- 0.43) microg/ml, (0.75 +/- 0.08) microg/ml and (0.85 +/- 0.11) microg/ml, respectively. APTT was (51.68 +/- 2.73) s, (38.38 +/- 2.44) s, (39.65 +/- 2.39) s, (33.93 +/- 1.73) s and (34.60 +/- 1.86) s and PT was (21.89 +/- 1.66) s, (20.56 +/- 1.74) s, (20.42 +/- 2.04) s, (19.57 +/- 1.36) s and (20.16 +/- 1.35) s in pcDNA3.1/hTM group, pcDNA3.1(+)/neo group, untransfected group, inactivating PC group and control, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe pcDNA3.1/hTM plasmid could be transfected into endothelial cells and expressed biologically functioning hTM protein on HUVECs membrane. Activated PC could inhibit intrinsic coagulation pathway obviously with slight effect on extrinsic pathway.

Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Transgenic, Suicide ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Plasmids ; Protein C ; Prothrombin Time ; Thrombomodulin ; genetics ; Transfection ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates is the brain injury caused by perinatal asphyxia or hypoxia and is a major cause of death in neonates and nervous system dysfunction in infants and young children. Although to a certain degree, mild hypothermia therapy reduces the mortality of infants with moderate to severe HIE, it cannot achieve the expected improvements in nervous system dysfunction. Hence, it is of vital importance to search for effective therapeutic methods for HIE. The search for more therapies and better preventive measures based on the pathogenesis of HIE has resulted in much research. As an important link in the course of HIE, energy failure greatly affects the development and progression of HIE. This article reviews the research advances in the treatment and prevention of energy failure in the course of HIE.
Energy Metabolism ; Humans ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy of autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and investigate its relevant prognostic factors.

METHODSA total of 96 adult patients with ALL who had admitted to our hospital from November 1986 to June 2004 were followed up till February 28, 2005. They were divided into autologous stem cell transplantation (Auto-SCT) group (n = 56) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT) group (n = 40). Auto-SCT group was further divided to treated subgroup, in which patients received graft-purified transplantation and (or) maintenance immunotherapy or chemotherapy after transplantation (n = 26), and non-treated subgroup (n = 30). Clinical characteristics of these groups were retrospectively analyzed. Survival date were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the prognostic factors were analyzed with the COX regression model.

RESULTSThe 1-, 3-, and 5-year leukemia-free-survival (LFS) were not significantly different between the auto-SCT group and the allo-SCT group. The 3-and 5-year LFS of auto-SCT treated subgroup, auto-SCT non-treated subgroup and allo-SCT group were [(73.0 +/- 8.7)%, (69.2 +/- 9.0)%], [(42.2 +/- 10.1)%, (35.1 +/- 10.0)%], and [(50.9 +/- 8.2)%, (50.9 +/- 8.2)%], respectively, which showed statistical significance (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe long-term LFS is similar after auto-SCT and after allo-SCT. Purified graft and maintain immunotherapy or chemotherapy post-transplantation may decrease the relapse rate after auto-SCT and improve survival.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplantation, Homologous

BACKGROUNDAlthough previous reports had reported the use of temporary internal distraction as an aid to correct severe scoliosis, two-stage surgery strategy (less invasive internal distraction followed by posterior correction and instrumentation) has never been reported in the treatment of patients with severe spinal deformity. This study aimed to report the results of the surgical treatment of severe scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis by two-stage and analyse the safety and efficacy of this surgical strategy in the treatment of severe spinal deformities.

METHODSA total of 15 patients with severe scoliosis, kyphoscoliosis or kyphosis who underwent two-stage surgeries (less invasive internal distraction followed by posterior correction and instrumentation) were studied based on hospital records. Pretreatment radiographs and radiographs taken after first surgery (internal distraction by two small incisions), before second surgery (posterior correction, instrumentation and fusion), one week after second surgery and final follow-up were measured. Subjects were analyzed by age, gender, major coronal curve magnitude, flexibility of major curve, major sagittal curve magnitude before first surgery, after first surgery, before second surgery, after second surgery and at final follow-up. Complications related to two-stage surgeries were noted in each case.

RESULTSThe average major curve magnitude was 129.4° (range, 95° to 175°), reduced 58.9° or 45.4% after first stage surgery and reduced 30.6° or 24.6% after second stage surgery. The loss of correction during the interval between two surgeries was 7.1%. The total major coronal curve correction was 81.4° or 62.9%. At the final follow up, the average loss of correction of major coronal curve was 3.9° and the final average correction rate was 59.7%. The average major sagittal curve magnitude was 80.3° (range, 30° to 170°), and the total major sagittal curve correction was 48.2°. Loss of correction averaged 4.0° for major sagittal curve and the final correction averaged 42.2°. Clinical complications were noted in the peri-operative and long-term periods.

CONCLUSIONSTwo-stage surgery was a safe and effective surgical strategy in this difficult population. Using two-small-incision technique, the first stage surgery was less invasive. No permanent neurologic deficit was noted in this series.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Male ; Radiography ; Scoliosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the biomechanical changes of balloon inflating and cement filling in avascular necrosis of the femoral head using finite-element analysis.

METHODSThe procedure of percutaneous balloon inflating and cement filling was simulated in fresh specimen of human femoral head. CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction were used to establish the three-dimensional model of the femoral head. The physiological load was analyzed using three-dimensional finite element model to simulate the load and calculate stress on the hip during walking. Finite element analysis was performed on the avascular necrosis model and balloon inflating and bone cement filling model to measure the Von-Mises force at the top, neck and weight-bearing area of the femoral head. Another 8 fresh specimens of femoral head necrosis of human were obtained to stimulate balloon inflating and bone cement filling procedures, and the displacement of the femoral head under different loads was recorded before and after the procedures.

RESULTSAfter bone cement filling in the necrosis area, the load reduced significantly in the weight-bearing area of the femoral head, and the load distribution became more uniform at the femoral neck and the top of the head. The anti-deformation ability of the necrosis femoral head increased after bone cement filling. The infinite-element analysis and specimen biomedical test showed similar results.

CONCLUSIONPercutaneous balloon inflating and bone cement filling in the necrosis area can change the biomechanics mechanism of the femoral head and neck, improve the supporting capacity under load, and prevent the progression of head collapse.

Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Cements ; therapeutic use ; Computer Simulation ; Femur Head Necrosis ; therapy ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Models, Biological ; Orthopedics ; methods ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Weight-Bearing ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathogens of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2009.

METHODSA total of 1554 cases of ARI patients in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College from September 2006 to September 2009, were recruited in the survey. The sample of throat and pharyngeal swab were collected from each patient.11 types of virus including influenza A (FluA), influenza B (FluB), adenovirus (ADV), human rhinovirus (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus type 1, type 2, type 3 (HPIV1, HPIV2, HPIV3), human metapneumovirus (MPV) and human coronavirus (HCoV) type 229E, type OC43 were detected by Fluorescence Quota PCR method. The epidemic feature and clinical characteristic of each virus were then analyzed.

RESULTSVirus were found in 1024 samples in total, accounting for 65.9% (1024/1554). RSV was the most common virus, which was found in 261 samples (16.8%); and followed by HRV as 13.9% (216/1554), FluA as 11.6% (181/1554), MPV as 6.5% (101/1554), FluB as 6.4% (99/1554), HPIV as 4.9% (76/1554), ADV as 3.5% (55/1554) and HCoV as 2.3% (35/1554). HPIV and HCoV shared a similar infection ratio among different age groups. The infection ratio of FluA and FluB was highest among 15-24 years old group, accounting for 16.5% (29/176) and 7.4% (13/176) respectively. MPV, RSV and HRV were the main pathogens caused infection among children under 4 years old, accounting for 9.7% (49/503), 21.7% (109/503) and 18.9% (95/503). The infection ratio of ADV was 6.0% (19/318), which was the most common pathogen among 5-14 years old patients. The incidence rate of HPIV and HRV showed no obvious seasonal features; while the prevalence of FluA, FluB, RSV, ADV, MPV and HCoV changed significantly in different seasons.22.2% (227/1024) ARI patients co-infected other respiratory virus.90.1% (163/181) FluA patients, 88.9% (88/99) FluB patients and 92.7% (51/55) ADV patients had high fever symptoms.

CONCLUSIONRSV was the main pathogen of ARI, and the new-found virus MPV was also another crucial pathogen. Some pathogens' incidence rate were related to the season and patient's age. Co-infections of other respiratory virus were also detected in parts of ARI patients.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Metapneumovirus ; isolation & purification ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Young Adult