Human bocavirus (HBoV) 1-4 have been detected both in respiratory and stool samples since the first HBoV was discovered in 2005. HBoV-1 is mostly associated with respiratory infection, while HBoV 2-4 are usually associated with intestinal tract infection. A variety of signs and symptoms have been described in patients with HBoV infection, including cough, wheezing, pneumonia, and diarrhea, but the research on pathogenic mechanism of HBoV is limited because HBoV cannot be cultured in vitro due to the lack of appropriate host cells. Three-dimensional epithelial cell culture, reverse genetics, and viral metagenomics are identified as novel tools that may promote the research on pathogenic mechanism of HBoV and the discovery of new viruses. This review summaries currently available diagnostic approaches such as electron microscopy, cell culture, PCR, and immunoassay in order to provide a method reference for indepth research on HBoV.
Animals ; Human bocavirus ; genetics ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Parvoviridae Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virology ; methods ; Virulence ; Virus Cultivation

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the main reason of joint pain and dysfunction in the elderly in China, and its incidence is increasing year by year. In addition to the joint peripheral osteophyte formation and degeneration of articular cartilage, in?flammation, as one of the dominant pathological changes in OA, is causing more and more attention. Pro-inflammatory cyto?kines (PIC) are important mediators of inflammation. The increased level of PIC in OA can lead to systemic and local inflam?mation, results in further destruction of many kinds of tissues in joint (such as cartilage), and accelerates the development of OA. Besides, the severity of inflammation is closely related to the clinical symptoms of OA. Therefore, it is important to un?derstand the role of PIC in the pathogenesis of OA. From the perspective of the relationship between pro-inflammatory fac?tors and OA and the molecular mechanism, this article reviews the research progress in this field, which provides new con?cepts for diagnose and treatment of OA.

To analyze the composition regularity of Carthami Flos-containing prescriptions of the Drug Standards of Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China-Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations (the ministerial standards for Traditional Chinese Medicine) based on the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system (TCMISS, RZDZ No. 0389952). Efforts were made to identify 331 prescriptions containing Carthami Flos and summarize 16 attending functions and 10 commonly used drug combinations. Three commonly used drug combinations were selected for an in-depth analysis on Carthami Flos's combined administration regularity. Based on Carthami Flos's attending functions, its effects in paralysis, traumatic injuries and dysmenorrheal were compared to analyze Carthami Flos's core drug combinations for treating different diseases. The regularity of clinical administration and the characteristics of commonly used drug combinations were summarized to provide reference for Carthami Flos's clinical application and new ideas for new drug R&D. Carthami Flos prescriptions was mainly used to treat blood stasis and pain and mostly combined with drugs that could activate blood, promote the circulation of qi and dispel pathogenic wind to treat Qi-stagnation and blood stasis caused by various pathogenic factors such as wind, cold and dampness.
Carthamus ; chemistry ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Humans

The study aims to develop a unified method to determine seven phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C) contained in honeysuckle flower that is the monarch drug of all the eight Yinqiao Jiedu serial preparations using quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS). Firstly, chlorogenic acid was used as a reference to get the average relative correction factors (RCFs) of the other phenolic acids in ratios to the reference; columns and instruments from different companies were used to validate the durability of the achieved RCFs in different levels of standard solutions; and honeysuckle flower extract was used as the reference substance to fix the positions of chromatographic peaks. Secondly, the contents of seven phenolic acids in eight different Yinqiao Jiedu serial preparations samples were calculated based on the RCFs durability. Finally, the quantitative results were compared between QAMS and the external standard (ES) method. The results have showed that the durability of the achieved RCFs is good (RSD during 0.80% - 2.56%), and there are no differences between the quantitative results of QAMS and ES (the relative average deviation < 0.93%). So it can be successfully used to the quantitative control of honeysuckle flower principally prescribed in Yinqiao Jiedu serial preparations.
Caffeic Acids ; analysis ; Chlorogenic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; Quinic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis

Objective To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the diagnosis of tuberculous mesenteric lymphadenitis by analyzing its enhancement pattern. Methods The conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound images of 62 patients with tuberculous mesenteric lymphadenitis confirmed by needle core biopsy or surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The location, size, shape, internal echo and posterior enhancement of mesenteric lymph nodes were recorded. All cases were divided into two groups:the maximum diameter of the lymph node≤20 mm and the maximum diameter of the lymph node >20 mm, and the patterns of enhancement in two groups were analyzed. Results The conventional ultrasound of 62 cases with tuberculous mesenteric lymph nodes showed enlargement. And the echogenicity was hypoechoic or heterogeneity, containing punctate or clusters of calcification in 19 cases (30.6%). After CEUS, there were three forms of enhancements:rim enhancement in 29 cases (46.8%);inhomogeneous enhancement in 21cases (33.9%);non-enhancement in 12 cases (19.3%). Rim enhancement was more common in the≤20 mm group, while inhomogeneous enhancement was more common in the lymph nodes>20 mm. There was statistically significant difference of the enhancement type between the≤20 mm group and the>20 mm group (χ2=6.782, P=0.034). Conclusions Most of tuberculous mesenteric lymph nodes showed rim and inhomogeneous enhancement in CEUS, and the sizes of mesenteric lymph node tuberculosis influenced the CEUS enhancement patterns. CEUS may provide useful information for the diagnosis of the tuberculous mesenteric lymph node.

Objective To investigate the value of emergency bedside focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) in combination with regional organ focused ultrasonography in patients with closed abdominal trauma.Methods Two hundred and thirty-seven patients with closed abdominal trauma underwent bedside ultrasonography in the Emergency Department at General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command.In patients with unstable hemodynamics or severe craniocerebral injury,ultrasonography was ended immediately after FAST screening.In patients with stable vital signs,the focused regional organ injury after FAST screening was determined based on the mechanism of trauma,action location and direction of external force,abdominal symptoms,and signs.The results of operation and CT scanning were considered as golden criteria and used to compare with those of ultrasonography.Results (1) The diagnostic sensitivity of FAST to abdominal organ rupture and ascites due to abdominal organ rupture calling for emergency operation was 79.3％ and 100％,respectively.The total specificity of FAST was 98.2％,positive predictive value 93.9％,and negative predictive value 86.7％.(2) The diagnostic accordance rate of single visceral injury examined by regional organ focused ultrasonography was 91.2％ and that of multiple visceral injury was 63.6％.The missed diagnoses were predominantly contusion and microlaceration.Conclusions FAST can quickly screen out the patients with unstable hemodynamics due to abdominal organ rupture calling for emergency management.Regional organ focused ultrasonography can increase the rate of correct diagnosis of visceral injury and decrease the rate of missed diagnosis.

Objective:To express mycobacterium tuberculosis protein MPB 64 in baculovirus insect cell expression system ,and identify its immunogenicity.Methods:The target gene MPB64 was connected to pFastBac vector ,then the pFastBac-MPB64 plasmid which was harvested would transformed to DH10Bac competent,and the target gene was transposition into Bacmid by Tn7 transposase fragment,therefore Bacmid-MPB64 Shuttle vector was obtained.The shuttle vector was packaged by liposomes and transfected Sf 9 cells to harvest P1-generation virus ,then high titers of P4 generation virus was harvested by repeat transfected Sf 9 cells three times.The target protein MPB64 was purified from the supernatant by Q Sepharose FF and Ni affine chromatography ,which were used to immunize BALB/c mice.Antibody changes in serum would be detected ,and the proliferation of immunized mice spleen cells would be detected by MTT,detected the IFN-γsecretion by MPB64 stimulated spleen cells by ELISA method.Results: MPB64 successfully expressed in insect cells.The purity of target protein was over 90% and yield up to 35 mg/L after purification.Purified protein can effectively stimulate BALB/c mice to produce antibodies , increase the content of IFN-γmedium in mice spleen cells ,and significantly promoting proliferation in spleen cells between 0.2-100 μg/ml.Conclusion: MPB64 which has immunogenicity was successfully expressed in baculovirus insect cell expression system ,that open a new avenue for tuberculosis vaccine production.

Objective To develop a double-antibody sandwich ELISA for determining the concentration of nucleoprotein (NP) of rabies virus in various products of rabies vaccine.Methods The purified rabies antibodies from a rabbit were used to coat microwell plates. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-NP monoclonal antibody was used to probe the NP bound to coated antibodies.The assay was used to quantitatively determine the concentration of NP of rabies virus.Results The results showed that the coefficient of linear correlation was higher than 0.97.The optimal linear range was 0.000625~0.01 IU/ml and the detection limit was 0.000625 IU/ml. The recovery rate was 102~109% and the coefficient of variation was only 7.2%~9.4%.No cross reactions were observed with bovine serum,bovine serum albumin,ovalbumin,refined solution of influenza vaccine,encephalitis B vaccine,and hepatitis A vaccine.Conclusions The results indicated that the assay is specific,sensitive,accurate,reproducible,and stable,and could be suitable for quantitative determination of different rabies vaccine's processes products.

Objective To track the migration and incorporation of intravenously injected, magneti?cally labeled endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs) from mouse bone marrow into the blood vessels in a rapid?ly growing HCC model by microMR (7.0 T). Methods This study was approved by the Institutional Com?mittee on Animal Research. H22 hepatic ascitic cancer cells was directly injected into the left liver lobe of BALB/c nude mice ( n=15) . EPCs derived from bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice were isolated and cultured. The third passage EPCs were collected and labeled with 25 μg/ml superparamagnetic iron oxide ( SPIO) and poly?l?lysine (PLL) complex (SPIO?PLL). MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the difference of growth curve and apoptosis between labeled and unlabeled EPCs. EPCs labeled with SPIO?PLL were injected into mice via tail vein in experiment group (on the 3rd day after establishing HCC model) (n=15) and control group (n=6). The signal changes of tumor (the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after transplantation) were observed by microMR. Prussian blue staining and immunohistochemistry staining of CD31 were per?formed. MRI findings were confirmed by histomorphology. Two?sample t test was used to analyze the data. Results Single tumor was showed in the liver of all mice 3 d after establishing models. Labeling with SPIO?PLL at a concentration of 25μg/ml did not alter cell growth curve ( measured by MTT assay;t=0.281, P>0.05) and cell apoptosis (analyzed by flow cytometry). The apoptosis rates of SPIO?PLL labeled and un?labled EPCs were (12.31±1.43)% and (11.57±1.24)% in early stage, and (0.55±0.07)% and (0.49± 0?05)% in late stage. No significant differences were observed between them (t=0.967, 1.060; both P>0?05) . Migration and incorporation of transplanted and labeled cells into tumor were documented with in vivo microMR as low signal intensity at the tumor periphery as early as the 3rd day after EPCs administration in preformed tumors (4/5). Prussian blue staining showed iron?positive cells at the sites corresponding to low signal intensity on MRI. The positive cells expressing CD31 existed in intratumoral and peritumoral vessels. There was no signal change in control group at all time points. Conclusions MRI can demonstrate the in?corporation of magnetic labeled mouse EPCs into the implanted hepatoma. It may be helpful for early diagno?sis and therapy of liver tumor.

0.05). Two fasting blood samples of 3 mL were taken in both groups and were sealed in tubes.Serum was separated by centrifugation at 3 000 r/min for 10 min. The serum IGF-Ⅰ, IgG, IgA and IgM were detected with the method of ELISA. The body height, wieght were measured at the same time. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 11.0 software. Means and standard deviation were calculated.t-test was used to compare the differences between menas.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the significance of correlation.Results The serum IGF-Ⅰ,IgG,IgA,IgM and weight,height in RRI group were (21.8?4.5) ?g/L,(8.85?1.94) g/L,(0.78?0.22) g/L,(1.01?0.55) g/L,(17.7?4.92) kg and (95.2?3.22) cm.The serum IGF-Ⅰ,IgG,IgA,IgM and weight,height in control group were (32.7?4.7) ?g/L,(12.05?2.09) g/L,(1.95?0.90) g/L,(1.60?0.60) g/L,(25.3?9.6) kg,(104.7?8.32) cm,respectively.There were significant differences between 2 groups(Pa