Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of bochdalek′s hernia in children, especially to introduce the methods of repairing the defect of diaphragm using rib-flap and terylene fabric.Methods The diagnosis, misdiagnosis and methods of repairing of diaphragm in 10 cases of bochdalek′s hernia were retrospectively reviewed, and the findings of reconstruction of diaphragm in 2 cases of defect of diaphragm were analyzed.Results All of the 12 cases were misdiagnosed for the first time. Ten cases were cured through abdominal surgery and 2 cases were cured through reconstruction of diaphragm.Conclusions Bochdalek′s hernias in children are lack of specific clinical manifestation and often misdiagnosed before operation. Early surgical treatment is necessary once the diagnosis is established, and the defect of diaphragm should be reconstructed. The repairment of diaphragm using rib-flap and terylene fabric is a practical methods.

Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Nestin ; metabolism ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Temporal Lobe ; Vimentin ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDThe Dextroscope system by Volume Interactions (Singapore) had been applied to minimally invasive neurosurgery in many units. This system enables the neurosurgeon to interact intuitively with the three-dimensional graphics in a direct manner resembling the way one communicates with the real objects. In the paper, we explored its values in pre-operation surgical planning for intracranial meningiomas resection.

METHODSBrain computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) were performed on 10 patients with parasagittal and falcine meningiomas located on central groove area; brain CT, MRI and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were performed on 10 patients with anterior skull base meningiomas and 10 patients with sphenoid ridge meningiomas. All these data were transferred to Dextroscope virtual reality system, and reconstructed. Then meningiomas, skull base, brain tissue, drainage vein and cerebral arteries were displayed within the system, and their anatomic relationships were evaluated. Also, the simulation operations were performed.

RESULTSFor parasagittal and falcine meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with drainage vein and superior sagittal sinus were clearly displayed in the Dextroscope system. For anterior skull base and sphenoid ridge meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with bilateral internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries and skull base were vividly displayed within the virtual reality system. Surgical planning and simulation operation of all cases were performed as well. The real operations of all patients were conducted according to the simulation with well outcomes.

CONCLUSIONSAccording to the virtual reality planning, neurosurgeons could get more anatomic information about meningioma and its surrounding structures, especially important vessels, and choose the best approach for tumor resection, which would lead to better prognosis for patients.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningioma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Radiography

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meningioma ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDMeningioma is one of the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, but there are not many detailed studies on the sex, age, subtypes and locations of large series. This study was a retrospective analysis of the characteristics of meningioma cases consecutively operated on at a single institution in China from 2001 to 2010.

METHODSThis study investigated the demographic background of 7084 meningioma cases, and the subtypes and locations of the tumors. Sex and age distributions were analyzed, and the pathological subtypes were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The location of the meningiomas was also categorized.

RESULTSThe female:male ratio of the 7084 cases was 2.34:1. The mean age was 51.4 years (range, 11 months-86 years). The mean age of cases of WHO grade I meningioma was significantly older than that of grade II or III meningiomas (P < 0.001, Fisher's Least Significant Digit test). There was a significantly higher female:male ratio in WHO grade I meningiomas than in grade II or grade III meningiomas (2.57, 1.03 and 0.76, respectively; P < 0.001, χ(2) test). Meningothelial (n = 2061) and fibrous meningiomas (n = 3556) were the most common subtypes, comprising 79.3% of all meningiomas. All meningioma cases were classified into 23 locations in this study, with the cerebral convexity the most common site (38.33%, n = 2722). Cases with uncommon locations such as extra-cranial and sylvian fissure meningiomas were also present in this series.

CONCLUSIONSFemale predominance was found for benign meningiomas, while malignant subtypes showed male predominance. The mean age of patients with WHO grade I meningiomas was older than that of patients with higher-grade tumors. Meningothelial and fibrous meningiomas were the most common subtypes. The cerebral convexity was the most common meningioma location.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Meningioma ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Sex Distribution ; Young Adult

Sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids are important components in Tripterygium plants, possessing a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation immunosuppression, anti-tumor, anti-virus, and deinsectization, and are of great research value. They are composed of highly oxidized dihydro-β-furansquiterpene and pyridine dicarboxylic acid through ester bonds. According to the structural characteristics of pyridine dicarboxylic acid fragments, they can be divided into various structural subtypes. Up to now, more than 110 sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids have been isolated and identified from Tripterygium plants. This study reviewed the structural features and spectral(i.e., UV, IR, MS, and NMR) characteristics of sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids and summarized the structural elucidation process in detail to provide references for their further research and development.
Alkaloids/pharmacology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Molecular Structure ; Pyridines/pharmacology* ; Sesquiterpenes ; Tripterygium/chemistry*