No abstract available.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Child* ; Humans

Absence of one kidney is an uncommon congenital condition and concomitant genitourinary anomalies are very common. We encountered two cases of ureteral strictures associated with contralateral renal agenesis, which developed acute renal failure and recurrent pyelonephritis in children.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Pyelonephritis ; Ureter*

Acute renal failure means that the word does not contain a mild kidney injury. In addition, the criteria for acute renal failure per researcher are different, and it is difficult in interpreting the results of research on acute renal failure. Therefore, rather than acute renal failure, a new term "acute kidney injury" meaning to include all the levels of injury is introduced. In 2002, to diagnose by means of serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and urine output, a detailed classification of acute kidney injury, the RIFLE criteria has been proposed. In 2007, the RIFLE criteria by transforming, AKIN criteria has been proposed. The pediatric RIFLE criteria for children has also been proposed. The author reviews here these criteria by comparing them.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Child ; Creatinine ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney

Acute Kidney Injury ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Favism ; complications ; Humans ; Male

Acute Kidney Injury ; etiology ; Child ; Environmental Pollution ; adverse effects ; Humans

Acute Kidney Injury ; therapy ; Child ; Hemofiltration ; methods ; Humans

Acute Kidney Injury ; etiology ; Child ; Exercise ; Humans ; Male

Child restraint system (CRS) can protect children in the event of crash and reduce the severity of injuries. As such, it is crucial to understand the prevalence of CRS usage and knowledge attributes on CRS usage among drivers. This study aims to assessdrivers’ knowledge on CRS usage.A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and pilot tested to verify its validity and reliability. The questionnaireaddressesdrivers’ knowledge about CRS currently available in the Malaysian market, the types of restraints used and views on fitting restraints to passenger vehicles. Seventy four percentfrom 500 respondents cited that they are usingor theyhave used CRS,64% knowabout CRS and its function, and 43% areawareof ISOFIX. In short, majority of the respondents are aware of CRS use and functions. Awareness and education program should berigorously introduced to public towards the implementation of the CRS law.
Child restraint system ; children passenger safety ; road traffic accident ; child injury

PURPOSE: Trauma is an important cause of death in children. In particular, the liver is the second most commonly organ injured by blunt abdominal trauma. Treatment of patients with liver injury is has changed, and non-operative treatment is the major treatment method at present. In this study, we reviewed traumatic liver injury in pediatric patients. METHODS: Seventy-seven patients younger than 16 years of age with traumatic liver injury were assessed for 10 years from July 1999 to June 2009 at Wonju Christian hospital. Records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed. RESULTS: The median age was 6 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.2 : 1. The most common injury grade was grade I. The majority of injuries were caused by was traffic accidents, and the second most common cause of injuries was falls. Twenty-four patients had liver injuries alone, and the most common accopaning injury was a lung injury. The average hospital stay was 20.7 days, and the average ICU stay was 4.8 days. Four patients died (5.2%). There were 6 patients with under 10 points on the Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Among these patients, three died. All mortality cases had over 16 points on the Injury Severity Score (ISS). Two patients were treated surgically, one of whom died. Of the 75 patients with non-operative management, three died due to associated injuries. CONCLUSION: Most pediatric patients with liver injury have good results with non-operative management. Associated injuries and hemodynamic instability are predictive of patient outcome, and those with isolated liver injuries can be successfully managed non-operatively.
Accidents, Traffic ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Length of Stay ; Liver ; Lung Injury ; Retrospective Studies

Typhoid fever is a systemic infectious disease which affects many organs. In children, few cases have been reported of acute nephritic syndrome in typhoid fever. We report an immunocompetent 9-year old girl with typhoid fever complicated by acute tubulointerstitial nephritis who presented with prolonged fever and acute renal failure.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Child ; Communicable Diseases ; Fever ; Humans ; Nephritis, Interstitial ; Renal Insufficiency ; Typhoid Fever