No abstract available.
Population Characteristics*

It is interested in examining treatment effect on a particular category of subjects or in comparing treatment effects among different subgroups as well as overall treatment effect due to heterogeneity of study subjects. Subgroup analyses are exceedingly common, but they are also often misleading. Conclusions based on subgroup analyses can do harm both when a particular category of people is denied effective treatment (a "false-negative" conclusion), and when ineffective or even harmful treatment is given to a subgroup of people (a "false-positive" conclusion). Because of the frequency and the importance of clinical application of subgroup analysis, researchers need to be cautious about doing subgroup analyses. This study presents guidelines to help conducting subgroup analyses correctly.
Population Characteristics

No abstract available.
Population Characteristics*

No abstract available.
Population Characteristics*

No abstract available.
Population Characteristics

A cross-sectional study of the supply and use of water was carried out on 8180 households in 3 districts of Quang Binh province and Thua Thien Hue province. The results showed that: two water sources with high rate of usage were deep well (59.3%) and drilled well (19.2%). The rate of households with adequate water supply was 81.5%, among which deep wells were at highest rate of 48.4%, and tap water were at lowest rate of 1.8%. 58.3% of households were found with water containers including: built tanks (49.3%), buckets (24.7%), earthenware vessels (25.3%). 84.6% of water containers were built far from breeding facilities. 95.4% of wells had high wall, 84.8% with surrounding yards but only 8.8% with covers. It is necessary to improve the quality of living water in public by supplying better water sources
Water Supply Family Characteristics

Congenital miosis is observed in 4 members of a family in two generations. One of them has a right miotic eye and a left normal eye. Others have bilateral miotic eyes.
Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Miosis*

There have been a few reports of familial anorectal malformations extending over more than one generation. We experienced a case of a family with 3 members spanning 2 generations affected with isolated low type anorectal malformations. They had same low type of anorectal malformations. In all 3 patients, a perianal anoplasty was performed.
Family Characteristics ; Humans

The Mechanism for sorting out the covariance effect is known as the covariance analysis. The sorting out of regression and correlation effect is an obvious application of the covariance analysis. The result of Do population by age groups (15 age interval) from 1966 census and from, 1970 Census has been applied to analyzing covariabiltiy by the analysis of covariance. The results are as follows. The significance of the regression of 1970 population on 1966 population is assured as F=116.5. There is a significant difference between mean of each age groups(F=88.1). There is very little evidence of significant heterogeneity of regression between age group. (F=0.72).
Censuses ; Humans ; Population Characteristics

The most informed members from 907 households were interviewed in regard to the hospital bursar. Results show that the majority of population (in which 7.5% with high income, 70.1%-mean and 22.4% - low income) is capable to pay the bursar by various resources including the available fund 65.2%, the sale of domestic animals and commodities 6.3% and the debt 27.2%. For all population, hospital fee is acceptable but on which the awareness is insufficient. Recommendations were made concerning the exemption for the subjects with low-income.
Hospitals ; Family Characteristics