1.Metabolic enzyme considerations in cancer therapy
Amit K. Jain ; Sweta Jain ; A.C Rana
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2007;14(1):10-17
The clinical application of new antineoplastic drugs has been limited because of low therapeutic index and lack of efficacy in humans. Thus, improvement in efficacy of old and new anticancer drugs has been attempted by manipulating their pharmacokinetic properties. Four inter-related factors, which determine the pharmacokinetic behavior of a drug include absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. The drug-metabolizing enzymes have been classified in two major groups: phase I and phase II enzymes. Phase I enzymes comprise the oxidases, dehydrogenases, deaminases, hydrolases. Phase II enzymes include primarily UDPglucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), glutathionetransferases (GSTs), sulfotransferases (SULTs), N-acetyl transferases (NATs), methyltransferases and aminoacid transferases that conjugate products of phase I reactions and parent compounds with appropriate functional groups to generate more water soluble compounds which are more readily eliminated. The importance of these enzymes in the metabolism of specific drugs varies according to the chemical nature of the drug. Drug metabolism is modulated by factors that change among species and even among individuals in a population. Such factors can be environmental or genetic in origin, and influence how a drug is metabolized and to what extent. An awareness of these variables is invaluable when the safety and efficacy of new anticancer drugs are evaluated.
enzymology
;
seconds
;
metabolic aspects
;
cancer therapy
;
Metabolic
3.Progress in biology of dendritic cells.
Journal of Experimental Hematology 2010;18(4):1074-1078
As the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APC), dendritic cells are important in launching both humoral and cellular immune responses against tumor. Although the high evaluation of DC in immunotherapy for cancer by means of DC vaccines, more studies have indicated DC is a heterogeneous population and proved that DC subsets are prominent determinants for the effectiveness of immune responses. Different DC subsets display different receptors and surface molecules, and express different sets of cytokines/chemokines, which result in distinct immunological outcomes. Clinical trials with ex vivo generated DC vaccines also manifest unexpected immunological tolerance as well as allergic response. It is essential to study the biological aspects of human DC subsets, which may be a key to the generation of novel DC-based vaccines. In this article, the progress of studies on biology of dendritic cells including their origins, differentiation, function and application of DC subsets is reviewed.
Cancer Vaccines
;
therapeutic use
;
Dendritic Cells
;
immunology
;
Humans
;
Neoplasms
;
therapy
4.The basic structure of heavy-ion tumor therapy facility.
Tong WANG ; Ping XIAO ; Shaowei JIA ; Kehong YUAN ; Hongjie YANG
Chinese Journal of Medical Instrumentation 2014;38(6):427-438
Heavy-ions have the similar characteristic of depth-dose distribution with protons, but exhibit enhanced physical and radiobiological benefits. With increasing development in technical and clinical research, more facilities are being installed in the world. At the same time, many critical techniques of heavy-ion therapy facility were optimized and completed. This paper classified and reviewed the basic structure of heavy-ion system equipments, especially the accelerator, gantry, nozzle , TPS.
Cancer Care Facilities
;
Heavy Ion Radiotherapy
;
instrumentation
;
Humans
;
Neoplasms
;
therapy
5.Biologic Therapy for Brain Cancers - Based on Cellular and Immunobiology.
Yonsei Medical Journal 2004;45(Suppl):S68-S70
The overall goal of our research projects is to develop effective immunotherapeutic regimens, particularly combining vaccine and gene therapy/ cell therapy strategies. For the development of clinically effective immunotherapy for brain cancers, the following issues are considered to be particularly important: 1) Induction of effective immune responses against tumors (afferent arm of the immune response), 2) Delivery of immune effector cells to the target tumor sites and maintaining the activity of the effector cells (efferent arm), 3) For specific and safe immunotherapy, specific brain tumor rejection antigens have to be identified, 4) Feasibility, safety and efficacy need to be tested in a series of clinical trials. The following presentation summarizes my research projects and demonstrates how each plan will fit in the whole schema of designing successful immunotherapeutic strategies for brain cancers. In this presentation, I would like to focus on our clinical and basic studies related to the vaccine strategies for patients with glioma, and modulation of tumor-microenvironment using bone-marrow derived stroma cells as vehicles for cytokine- gene delivery.
*Biological Therapy
;
Brain Neoplasms/*therapy
;
Cancer Vaccines/*therapeutic use
;
Cytokines/*genetics
;
*Gene Therapy
;
Humans
6.Acupoint selection for cancer pain: based on current evidence and Delphi method.
Yi-Han HE ; Neng-Gui XU ; Hai-Bo ZHANG ; Chang-Li XUE ; Fu-Qin KANG ; Qi WANG ; Jie-Yun LI ; Long GE ; Xin-Feng GUO
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2021;41(10):1161-1165
Based on literature research and Delphi expert consensus method, the important acupoints for cancer pain was summarized to provide evidence basis for the formulation of
Acupuncture Points
;
Acupuncture Therapy
;
Cancer Pain/therapy*
;
Humans
;
Meridians
;
Neoplasms/therapy*
;
Publications
7.Reporting quality of randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for cancer pain.
Xi-Xiu NI ; Tian TIAN ; Lu LIU ; Xiao LI ; Ling ZHAO
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2020;40(6):671-677
Based on the internationally-recognized Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials (CONSORT) statement and Standards for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA), the reported quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for cancer pain during last 10 years were evaluated. The RCTs of acupuncture for cancer pain were searched by computer. The English databases included PubMed and EMbase while the Chinese databases included CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and SinoMed. The publication date of the literature was from March 2009 to March 2019. As a result, 22 Chinese RCTs and 13 English RCTs were included. According to the CONSORT statement, among the Chinese studies, 1 RCT reported primary and secondary outcomes, 8 RCTs reported randomization, none of RCTs reported allocation concealment and blind method, and 4 RCTs reported baseline data; among the English studies, 8 RCTs reported primary and secondary outcomes, 8 RCTs reported randomization, 6 RCTs reported described allocation concealment, 7 RCTs reported blind method, and 13 RCTs reported baseline data. According to the STRICTA statement, among the Chinese studies, 17 RCTs reported the name of acupoints, 6 RCTs reported depth of insertion, 17 RCTs reported acupuncture response sought, and none of RCTs reported the qualifications of acupuncturists; among the English studies, 12 RCTs reported the name of acupoints, 7 RCTs reported depth of insertion, 8 RCTs reported acupuncture response sought, and 7 RCTs reported the qualifications of acupuncturists. The Chinese RCTs have more detailed description of acupuncture intervention and theory, but not enough attention is paid to methodological description such as randomization, blindness, data analysis. On the other hand, the English RCTs have better description of methodology, but the description of theory and details of acupuncture is relatively weak. It is concluded that more efforts were needed to further improve the clinical trial design according to the CONSORT statement and STRICTA statement to improve the quality of clinical evidence.
Acupuncture Therapy
;
Cancer Pain
;
therapy
;
Humans
;
Neoplasms
;
complications
;
therapy
;
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
;
standards
8.Effect of electrothermal acupuncture on moderate to severe cancer pain with
Dian-Rong LU ; Yu-Qing XIA ; Feng CHEN ; Ning-Jun WANG ; Sheng-Qi HE ; Fang WANG ; Shi-Jie ZHU
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2021;41(2):121-124
OBJECTIVE:
To observe the effectiveness and safety of electrothermal acupuncture therapy for patients of moderate to severe cancer pain with
METHODS:
A total of 60 patients of moderate to severe cancer pain with
RESULTS:
The variation of NRS scores in the observation group were larger than the control group 3, 5 days into treatment (
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the conventional western medication for analgesia, electrothermal acupuncture could relieve pain, reduce the dose of opioid painkillers and improve the quality of life in patients of moderate to severe cancer pain with
Acupuncture Points
;
Acupuncture Therapy
;
Cancer Pain/therapy*
;
Humans
;
Neoplasms/therapy*
;
Oxycodone
;
Quality of Life
;
Treatment Outcome